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Guide to Using Public Domain Tools
Creative Commons makes sharing easy Public domain works are valuable because anyone What is the difference between can freely build upon, enhance, and reuse them for CC0 and the Public Domain Mark? any purposes without restriction under copyright or database law. CC0 (“CC Zero”) is intended for use only That’s why it’s important for creators to have a clear and by authors or holders of copyright and legally robust way to place their works in the public domain as related rights (including database rights), in connection Guide to completely as possible, and it’s also important for publishers with works that are still subject to those rights in one or and archives to have a standardized way to identify works that are already in the public domain. more countries. Creative Commons supports two distinct public domain tools, When CC0 is applied to a work, copyright and related using public rights are relinquished worldwide, making the work free the CC0 Public Domain Dedication and the Public Domain Mark. Creative Commons copyright licenses help authors from those restrictions to the greatest extent possible. manage their copyright on terms they choose. Conversely, CC0 domain tools enables authors and copyright owners who want to dedicate The Public Domain Mark (PDM) is used their works to the worldwide public domain to do so, and PDM to label works that are already free of facilitates the labeling and discovery of works that are already known copyright restrictions. Unlike CC0, PDM doesn’t free of known copyright restrictions. change the copyright status of a work. -
Fifty Years of Open Source Movement: an Analysis Through the Prism of Copyright Law
FIFTY YEARS OF OPEN SOURCE MOVEMENT: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF COPYRIGHT LAW V.K. Unni* I. INTRODUCTION The evolution of the software industry is a case study in itself. This evolution has multiple phases and one such important phase, termed open source, deals with the manner in which software technology is held, developed, and distributed.1 Over the years, open source software has played a leading role in promoting the Internet infrastructure and thus programs utilizing open source software, such as Linux, Apache, and BIND, are very often used as tools to run various Internet and business applications.2 The origins of open source software can be traced back to 1964–65 when Bell Labs joined hands with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and General Electric (GE) to work on the development of MULTICS for creating a dynamic, modular computer system capable of supporting hundreds of users.3 During the early stages of development, open source software had a very slow beginning primarily because of some preconceived notions surrounding it. Firstly, open source software was perceived as a product of academics and hobbyist programmers.4 Secondly, it was thought to be technically inferior to proprietary software.5 However, with the passage of time, the technical issues got relegated to the backside and issues pertaining to copyright, licensing, warranty, etc., began to be debated across the globe.6 * Professor—Public Policy and Management, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta; Thomas Edison Innovation Fellow (2016–17), Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property, George Mason University School of Law. 1. -
Unlicense Yourself: Set Your Code Free
Unlicense Yourself: Set Your Code Free Like 232 Follow on Tumblr 138 What is the Unlicense? The Unlicense is a template for disclaiming copyright monopoly interest in software you've written; in other words, it is a template for dedicating your software to the public domain. It combines a copyright waiver patterned after the very successful public domain SQLite project with the no-warranty statement from the widely-used MIT/X11 license. Why Use the Unlicense? Because you have more important things to do than enriching lawyers or imposing petty restrictions on users of your code. How often have you passed up on utilizing and contributing to a great software library just because its open source license was not compatible with your own preferred flavor of open source? How many precious hours of your life have you spent deliberating how to license your software or worrying about licensing compatibility with other software? You will never get those hours back, but here's your chance to start cutting your losses. Life's too short, let's get back to coding. The Unlicense To opt out of the copyright industry's game altogether and set your code free, put your next software project into the public domain using the following (un)licensing statement: This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain. Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means. In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public domain. -
Sfara Mobile SDK FOSS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT Sfara Inc
Sfara Mobile SDK FOSS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT Sfara Inc. Version 5.0.1, 2020-12-15 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 FOSS Notices .......................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Used FOSS Packages and Licenses ........................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Package details ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2.1 Google Test .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.2 DSP FIlters ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2.3 FFTReal .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2.4 Persistence1D .................................................................................................................................................................................... -
The Copyleft Movement: Creative Commons Licensing
Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture Volume 26 (2007) No. 3 IN THIS ISSUE The Copyleft Movement: Creative Commons Licensing Sharee L. Broussard, MS APR Spring Hill College AQUARTERLY REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH ISSN: 0144-4646 Communication Research Trends Table of Contents Volume 26 (2007) Number 3 http://cscc.scu.edu The Copyleft Movement:Creative Commons Licensing Published four times a year by the Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture (CSCC), sponsored by the 1. Introduction . 3 California Province of the Society of Jesus. 2. Copyright . 3 Copyright 2007. ISSN 0144-4646 3. Protection Activity . 6 4. DRM . 7 Editor: William E. Biernatzki, S.J. 5. Copyleft . 7 Managing Editor: Paul A. Soukup, S.J. 6. Creative Commons . 8 Editorial assistant: Yocupitzia Oseguera 7. Internet Practices Encouraging Creative Commons . 11 Subscription: 8. Pros and Cons . 12 Annual subscription (Vol. 26) US$50 9. Discussion and Conclusion . 13 Payment by check, MasterCard, Visa or US$ preferred. Editor’s Afterword . 14 For payments by MasterCard or Visa, send full account number, expiration date, name on account, and signature. References . 15 Checks and/or International Money Orders (drawn on Book Reviews . 17 USA banks; for non-USA banks, add $10 for handling) should be made payable to Communication Research Journal Report . 37 Trends and sent to the managing editor Paul A. Soukup, S.J. Communication Department In Memoriam Santa Clara University Michael Traber . 41 500 El Camino Real James Halloran . 43 Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA Transfer by wire: Contact the managing editor. Add $10 for handling. Address all correspondence to the managing editor at the address shown above. -
Open Source Licenses Applicable to Hitachi's Products Earlier Versions
Open Source Licenses Applicable to Hitachi’s Products EARLIER VERSIONS Several products are listed below together with certain open source licenses applicable to the particular product. The open source software licenses are included at the end of this document. If the open source package has been modified, an asterisk (*) appears next to the name of the package. Note that the source code for packages licensed under the GNU General Public License or similar type of license that requires the licensor to make the source code publicly available (“GPL Software”) may be available for download as indicated below. If the source code for GPL Software is not included in the software or available for download, please send requests for source code for GPL Software to the contact person listed for the applicable product. The materials below are provided “AS IS,” without warranty of any kind, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. Access to this material grants you no right or license, express or implied, statutorily or otherwise, under any patent, trade secret, copyright, or any other intellectual property right of Hitachi Vantara Corporation (“Hitachi”). Hitachi reserves the right to change any material in this document, and any information and products on which this material is based, at any time, without notice. Hitachi shall have no responsibility or liability to any person or entity with respect to any damages, losses, or costs arising from the materials -
Tilburg University Free and Open Source Software Schellekens, M.H.M
Tilburg University Free and Open Source Software Schellekens, M.H.M. Published in: The Future of the Public Domain Publication date: 2006 Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Schellekens, M. H. M. (2006). Free and Open Source Software: An Answer to Commodification? In L. Guibault, & B. Hugenholtz (Eds.), The Future of the Public Domain: Identifying the Commons in Information Law (pp. 303- 323). (Information Law Series; No. 16). Kluwer Law International. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. sep. 2021 Free and open source software: an answer to commodification? Maurice Schellekens 1. Introduction Linux is a PC operating system which is distributed under the General Public License (hereinafter: GPL). The GPL allows for the (royalty-)free use, modification and redistribution of the software. Given these license conditions, Linux users believed they could use the operating system without too many license worries. -
Master Thesis Innovation Dynamics in Open Source Software
Master thesis Innovation dynamics in open source software Author: Name: Remco Bloemen Student number: 0109150 Email: [email protected] Telephone: +316 11 88 66 71 Supervisors and advisors: Name: prof. dr. Stefan Kuhlmann Email: [email protected] Telephone: +31 53 489 3353 Office: Ravelijn RA 4410 (STEPS) Name: dr. Chintan Amrit Email: [email protected] Telephone: +31 53 489 4064 Office: Ravelijn RA 3410 (IEBIS) Name: dr. Gonzalo Ord´o~nez{Matamoros Email: [email protected] Telephone: +31 53 489 3348 Office: Ravelijn RA 4333 (STEPS) 1 Abstract Open source software development is a major driver of software innovation, yet it has thus far received little attention from innovation research. One of the reasons is that conventional methods such as survey based studies or patent co-citation analysis do not work in the open source communities. In this thesis it will be shown that open source development is very accessible to study, due to its open nature, but it requires special tools. In particular, this thesis introduces the method of dependency graph analysis to study open source software devel- opment on the grandest scale. A proof of concept application of this method is done and has delivered many significant and interesting results. Contents 1 Open source software 6 1.1 The open source licenses . 8 1.2 Commercial involvement in open source . 9 1.3 Opens source development . 10 1.4 The intellectual property debates . 12 1.4.1 The software patent debate . 13 1.4.2 The open source blind spot . 15 1.5 Litterature search on network analysis in software development . -
Elements of Free and Open Source Licenses: Features That Define Strategy
Elements Of Free And Open Source Licenses: Features That Define Strategy CAN: Use/reproduce: Ability to use, copy / reproduce the work freely in unlimited quantities Distribute: Ability to distribute the work to third parties freely, in unlimited quantities Modify/merge: Ability to modify / combine the work with others and create derivatives Sublicense: Ability to license the work, including possible modifications (without changing the license if it is copyleft or share alike) Commercial use: Ability to make use of the work for commercial purpose or to license it for a fee Use patents: Rights to practice patent claims of the software owner and of the contributors to the code, in so far these rights are necessary to make full use of the software Place warranty: Ability to place additional warranty, services or rights on the software licensed (without holding the software owner and other contributors liable for it) MUST: Incl. Copyright: Describes whether the original copyright and attribution marks must be retained Royalty free: In case a fee (i.e. contribution, lump sum) is requested from recipients, it cannot be royalties (depending on the use) State changes: Source code modifications (author, why, beginning, end) must be documented Disclose source: The source code must be publicly available Copyleft/Share alike: In case of (re-) distribution of the work or its derivatives, the same license must be used/granted: no re-licensing. Lesser copyleft: While the work itself is copyleft, derivatives produced by the normal use of the work are not and could be covered by any other license SaaS/network: Distribution includes providing access to the work (to its functionalities) through a network, online, from the cloud, as a service Include license: Include the full text of the license in the modified software. -
Open Source Advising at Scale
Open Source Advising at Scale Justin C. Colannino Senior Attorney, Microsoft FINOS June 8, 2020 The Internet The opinions in this presentation are those of the presenter, not Microsoft or its affiliates. Agenda Open Source Open Source Law Counseling Refresher @ Scale Definition & Making calls without How to advise 60,000 License Archetypes (much) caselaw. developers for millions of use cases The Open Source Stack For Lawyers Economic Political Social Legal Technical A Counseling Framework Economic Political Social Legal Technical Commodity Custom What Is A License? Permission Permission (usually subject to conditions or obligations) Open Source: Permissions & Conditions or Obligations Right to Use, Copy, Modify, and Distribute (FSF – Four Freedoms) Must Meet Conditions or Obligations Typical: provide notice and/or provide source License Archetypes Ultra Permissive Permissive Increasing Obligations Weak Copyleft Copyleft Network Copyleft Open Source License Archetypes Ultra Permissive • Goal: Maximum Rights, NO Obligations (WTFPL, Unlicense, CC0) Permissive • Goal: Maximum Rights, Minimal Obligations • Distribution Triggers Attribution Obligation (MIT, BSD, Apache 2.0) Weak Copyleft • Goal: Preserve Freedom In A “Core” • Distribution Triggers Attribution Obligation & Source Code Obligation (EPL?, LGPL, MPL) Copyleft • Goal: Preserve Downstream Rights • Distribution Triggers Attribution Obligation & Source Code Obligation (GPL) Network Copyleft • Goal: Extend Copyleft to Network Services • Network Interaction Triggers Attribution Obligation -
Copyright, an Incentive Or a Burden?
Copyright, an Incentive or a Burden? Wolfgang Bein University of Nevada Las Vegas, USA, [email protected] Abstract A copyright provides protection for original artistic or literary work and is valid for the life of the owner plus 70 years. There is a growing tension between creative practices that require access to content that is often copyrighted, and increasingly restrictive intellectual property laws and policies governing access to copyrighted content. Very recently this has played out in the law suit between the media corporation Viacom and the Internet portal YouTube, which is owned by Google. This is against the background of a steadily emerging open source and creative commons culture. Milestones in the open source movement are the OpenOffice office suite, Netscape’s publication of the source code for its product as open software, Google’s library project, various free archives for scientific dissemination, such as Cornell University’s ArXiv. I. INTRODUCTION The gap between the cost of digital media and storage, and a copyrighted digital item (a CD or DVD) continually increases, as Internet is readily available, and the price of digitally duplicating anything capable of being transmitted via digital media dropped to near zero [1]. The use of a copyrighted material is less restrictive than other intellectual properties (patents, trademarks, service marks), even though the copyrighted material cannot be photocopied, scanned or copied in any way. But portions of it can be used for non-commercial purposes. The First Sale Doctrine (Copyright Act, 1976) does allow you to resell or give away the copy of the copyrighted item you bought. -
Open Source Software Licenses
Open Source Software Licences User Guide If you are working on a piece of software and you want to make it open source (i.e. freely available for others to use), there are questions you may need to consider, for example, whether you need a licence and why; and if so, how to choose a licence. This guide will help with those questions so that you have a better idea of what you need for your particular project. What is Open Source Software? ......................................................................................................... 1 Why do I need a licence for Open Source software? .......................................................................... 1 How do I choose a license? ................................................................................................................. 2 What if I have dependencies or my work is a derivative? .................................................................. 5 Combined Works and Compatibility ................................................................................................... 5 What if I want to change licenses? ..................................................................................................... 6 What if my software is protected by a patent? .................................................................................. 6 Can I commercialise Open Source Software? ..................................................................................... 6 Who should I speak to if I need help? ................................................................................................