Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Tourism, Culture & Recreation February 2008 Volume 6 Provincial Archaeology Office 2007 Archaeology Review Recent Indian Biface from Dildo Island. (Gilbert) Stephen Hull Delphina Mercer Editors On behalf of the Provincial Archaeology Office, I am pleased to provide you with the 2007 Provincial Archaeology Office Archaeology Review; an annual summary of the past year’s field season. The Archaeology Review was initiated in 2003 as a four page Newsletter and has grown exponentially to this year’s issue of over 100 pages with nearly 30 submissions. The original hope for the Newsletter was to provide the archaeology community of Newfoundland and Labrador and elsewhere with a brief overview of archaeological activity carried out in the province in the past year. The response from permit holders and researchers has greatly exceeded our expectations. I would like to thank all contributors for their time and effort in writing the articles for this issue. As always, such contributions provide valuable insight into the workings of the archaeology community as a whole. We welcome any comments you may have and encourage continued submission of new ideas for the Review. I trust you will find this issue of interest and wish you continued success in the upcoming year. Martha Drake Provincial Archaeologist Page 1 of 122 Beatrix Arendt 2007 Season Report: Hopedale Archaeology Project Matthew Beaudoin A Labrador Métis Sod Structure In Southern Labrador (FkBg-24) Barry Gaulton and James A. Tuck Archaeology In Ferryland, 2007 Dr. Cathy Mathias and Donna Smith Summary Of Ferrous Metal Treatments At Memorial University Of Newfoundland: 1987-2007 Gerald Penney & Robert Cuff Gerald Penney Associates Limited - Report Of Activities 2007 Jenneth Curtis Archaeology In Terra Nova National Park Kevin McAleese Rooms Provincial Museum 2007 Annual Report John Erwin The Cow Cove And French Island Tickle Excavations - 2007 Field School Summary John Erwin Town Of Fogo Archaeological Project Donald H. Holly Jr. and John Erwin Excavations At DiBd-1: A Beaches Complex Site At Birchy Lake, Interior Newfoundland. Kora Stapelfeldt Pottery Form And Function In Atlantic Canada: Gould Site Revisited Latonia Hartery Groswater And Dorset Paleoeskimo Research On The Dog Peninsula, Bird Cove Michael Deal The Eagle Project: Aviation History And Archaeology In Gander, Newfoundland P. J. Wells and M. A. P. Renouf Archaeological Survey, Back Harbour Twillingate Island, 2007. Peter E. Pope, Mélissa Burns, Jennifer An Archaeology Of The Petit Nord -- Summer 2007 Jones and Geneviève Godbout Peter Whitridge and James Woollett Summary Of 2007 Fieldwork At Iglosiatik And Komaktorvik Fiord Richard L. Josephs and Jamie Brake Geoarchaeological Investigations At The Ferguson Bay 1 Site (FfDn-01), Ashuanipi Lake, Labrador: A Preliminary Summary Laurie McLean Burnside Heritage Foundation Inc. Summary Of 2007 Archaeological Season Robyn Fleming Excavation Of The Recent Indian Site, Robert’s Cove-1 Don Butler Geoarchaeological Research At Iglosiatik Island And Komaktorvik Fiord, Northern Labrador Todd Kristensen and Jenneth Curtis Parks Canada Archaeological Survey And Excavations At L’ anse Aux Meadows, National Historic Site Of Canada Dr. Kieran Westley, Dr. Trevor Bell, Dr. Application Of Postglacial Sea-Level History To Reconstruction And Assessment M.A.P. Renouf, and Dr. Lev Tarasov Of Newfoundland’s Coastal Archaeological Heritage Dr. Trevor Bell, Dr. Rory Quinn, Dr. Integrated Coastal Landscape And Seabed Archaeological Survey, Back Harbour, M.A.P. Renouf, and Dr. Kieran Westley, Twillingate Roy Skanes Archaeological Assessments, 2007 Steve Mills and David Fry Archaeology In Placentia: The 2007 Season Dominique Lavers and M.A.P Renouf St. Paul’s Site Re-Visit Port Au Choix Archaeology Project William Fitzhugh and Erik Phaneuf Excavations At The Hare Harbor Basque Site (EdBt-3), Petit Mécatina, Quebec, 2007 William Gilbert Baccalieu Trail Archaeology, 2007 Interim Report Blair Temple, Stephen Hull, Delphina Provincial Archaeology Office 2007 Fieldwork Mercer & Ken Reynolds Page 2 of 122 2007 SEASON REPORT: HOPEDALE As part of the community archaeology project, artifacts ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT and photographs from the summer’s work were Beatrix Arendt exhibited at an open house in the Hopedale Mission University of Virginia building at the end of the season. he 2007 field season in Hopedale, Labrador was a The 2007 field season was divided into two T preliminary survey of Inuit sod houses and middens stages that included excavation and survey during July in and around the Moravian mission. This report and August. The first stage was a three-week excavation discusses preliminary findings from two projects in search of 19th-century Moravian midden located near conducted near the Moravians mission in Hopedale and the Hopedale Moravian mission buildings; the second on two islands in the region. This work is part of my stage was a two-week survey and excavation project on doctoral research at the University of Virginia Kernertaluk and Anniowaktok Islands located near investigating the influence of German Moravian Hopedale. missionaries on changing Inuit culture. Hopedale Moravian Midden (GiCb-05) In the 18th century, German Moravian Excavations in search of the Moravian midden missionaries arrived in Labrador with the hopes of were based on artifacts found by Dr. Loring in 2002. offering civilization and Christian enlightenment to the During the erection of a telephone pole located north of Inuit. Thirty years after the establishment of the first the mission buildings, construction workers unearthed a Moravian mission, many Labrador Inuit moved to the number of historic materials including 19th-century missions, converted to Christianity, and fully engaged in ceramic fragments. Dr. Loring noted the appearance of a European economic market. However, archaeological historic materials and suggested this was the location of a evidence from excavated Inuit deposits in Labrador Moravian midden. Moravians introduced centralized confirms documentary records that Inuit incorporated middens as an attempt to control discard patterns and European materials and practices while maintaining introduce hygienic habits to the Inuit, who previously many Inuit traditions. My dissertation research proposes discarded their refuse in middens located directly in front to systematically compare archaeological records from of individual houses. Other than noting its location and 18th- and 19th-century Inuit sites to explore complex collecting a few artifacts, Loring did not investigate social, economic and religious dynamics that served as further due to time constraints. the factors for the transformation of Inuit culture during Additional archaeological evidence for middens the 19th centuries. located behind the mission buildings is based on earlier Working with David Igloliorte, director of the excavations conducted at another Labrador mission. In Hopedale Moravian Museum, and Nunatsiavut the 1990s, Dr. Loring and Melanie Cabak of the archaeologist Lena Onalik, the Hopedale Archaeology University of South Carolina conducted excavations Project (HAP) included a community-outreach along a bank located behind the Moravian church in component. Funding provided by the Nunatsiavut Nain (Cabak 1991; Cabak and Loring 2000). Their Government Pathways Grant allowed me to hire five excavations unearthed a large quantity of European and local students to participate in the archaeological survey Inuit materials, and a large presence of ceramics, of a 19th-century Moravian midden and on Anniowaktok particularly hollow, stamped-decorated ceramics which Island (a.k.a. Big Island) and Kernertaluk Island. HAP is served as potential cultural markers for Euro-Inuit the continuation of the work begun by Dr. Stephen interactions (Cabak and Loring 2000, 29). Loring of the Smithsonian Institution called the Central Based on Cabak and Loring’s findings at Nain Coast of Labrador Community Archaeology Project and Loring’s identification at Hopedale, I placed two 1x1 (CCLAP). Since 1999, the Arctic Studies Center of the meter units behind the missionary buildings, opposite the Smithsonian Institution and institutions in Labrador, telephone pole and near a portion of bedrock extending Newfoundland, and the United States have been over the road. An additional unit was later added to the conducting summer field schools centered on the coastal area behind the telephone pole, when a home owner Inuit communities. The community goals of the unearthed some 20th-century ceramics while digging a program include providing training and employment hole for her laundry line. The systematic sampling was opportunities for Inuit students in the field of conducted to determine whether the mission extended to archaeology, working with local communities and both sides of the road, identify the level of preservation, historical societies to identify archaeological and and conclude whether future projects would be historical resources, working with local Labrador necessary. In addition to these three units, two teachers to incorporate archaeology into the curriculum, exploratory units were placed five meters north of the and help foster pride in Labrador culture and heritage. museum building along a slope, since it exhibited Page 3 of 122 potential for a similar over-the-bank midden as seen at kaolin tobacco pipe fragments, a slipware plate fragment Nain. Excavation and recording for these five units was