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Appendix Appendix LAMP CONSTRUCTION Appendix HOW TO MEASURE A BULB DIA. DIA. DIA: The diameter of a bulb at its widest point, measured in eighths of an inch. MOL MOL MOL: Maximum Overall Length from the top of the bulb to the bottom of the base, measured LCL in inches. LCL: Distance from the center of the light source to the bottom of the base, measured in inches. LAMP CONSTRUCTION Special chemicals are applied H inside lamp and on the filament to protect against premature failure. Long life lamps utilize five F G Long life lamps utilize long, filament supports to enhance thick coiled filaments. longevity and guard against filament sagging and breakage. C Stem type is matched to lamp type to enable exact positioning Argon and Nitrogen gases are D of filament. used for washing and filling lamps. B Tempered glass stem provides strength and durability. Lamp bases made with brass A or nickel-plated brass do not freeze or corrode in the socket. E Fused lead - wire carries electricity from the base to the filament and guards against potential fire hazards. Orders and Inquiries • 800.677.3334 • Fax 800.880.0822 • www.halcolighting.com 137 Appendix GLOSSARY OF TERMS 2-Tap: HID ballast that operates at two input Arc Tube: A completely sealed quartz or ceramic voltages: 120, 277. tube where an electrical arc occurs and generates light. 4-Tap: HID ballast that operates at four input voltages: 120, 208, 240, 277. Argon: Inert gas used in incandescent and fluorescent lamp types. In incandescent light sources, 5-Tap: HID ballast that operates at five input argon retards evaporation of the filament. voltages: 120, 208, 240, 277, 480. Auto-Transformer: A type of transformer that Accent Lighting: Directional lighting used to electrically connects the primary and secondary coils. highlight a particular object or area. This type of circuit is used to make many ballasts smaller and more efficient. Alternating Current (AC): Electron flow that periodically reverses polarity and direction of travel Average Rated Life: An average rating, in hours, through a circuit. indicating when 50% of a large group of lamps have failed, when operated at nominal lamp voltage and Ambient Lighting: The overall general lighting in an current. Manufacturers use 3 hours per start for area or room. fluorescent lamps and 10 hours per start for HID lamps when performing lamp life testing procedures. Ambient Temperature: Refers to the temperature of Every lamp type has a unique mortality curve that the air around the device specified. depicts its average rated life. Ampere (amp): A standard unit of measurement of Ballast: A device used to obtain the necessary electrical current. Amps = Watts / Voltage circuit conditions (voltage, current and waveform) for starting and operating an electric-discharge lamp. All ANSI (American National Standards Institute): fluorescent and HID light sources require a ballast for The organization that develops voluntary guidelines proper operation. and product performance standards for the electrical and other industries. Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF): The ratio of a ballasts’ light output to input power. Useful for ANSI Ballast Type: A reference to the ANSI comparing the efficiency of two different ballasts on a document which describes the lamp and lists the light output to power consumption basis. characteristics of the ballast required to operate the BEF =% Ballast Factor/Input Power (Watts) lamp. For HID lamps this is a code with a letter prefix followed by numbers. The following naming system Ballast Factor (BF): The measured ability of a is used: H – mercury lamps; M – metal halide lamps; particular ballast to produce light from the lamp(s) it S – high pressure sodium lamps; L – low pressure powers. Ballast factor is derived by dividing the lumen sodium lamps. ANSI codes must match for a lamp output of a particular lamp/ballast combination by and ballast to be compatible. the lumen output of the same lamp(s) on a reference ballast. ANSI Lamp Codes: These are 3-letter codes assigned by the American National Standards Ballast Kit: A kit developed to include all necessary Institute. They provide a system of assuring parts for the installation of a new ballast. For HID mechanical and electrical interchangeability among ballast kits this includes: ballast, capacitor, ignitor (if similarly coded lamps from various manufacturers. used) and all necessary mounting hardware. For CFL Often found in halogen lamps. kits this includes: ballast, mounting plate, lead wire set, wire-removal tool and mounting hardware. 138 Orders and Inquiries • 800.677.3334 • Fax 800.880.0822 • www.halcolighting.com Appendix GLOSSARY OF TERMS Ballast Loss: The total power lost in the operation BR Lamp: BR is a term for Bulged Reflector, and of the ballast measured in watts. This power is given refers to a shape of blown glass reflector lamps with a off as heat energy. It is equivalent to the difference “stepped” reflector for better light extraction. between the input power and the lamp wattage. Canadian Energy Standards: Note on label that Base: The base holds the lamp in place in the fixture indicates that the ballast complies with the Canadian and conducts electricity from the circuit to the lamp. It Energy Standards and meets the requirements of can be designed to dissipate heat. CAN/CSA-C654-M91. Beam Angle: The angle of the cone of light emitted Canadian Standards Association (CSA): An from a light source or luminaire. This is often used to association that generates product performance and describe the light distribution of a reflectorized lamp safety standards for many Canadian industries. (such as R and PAR types) or an LED replacement product and encompasses the central part of the Candela: The measure of luminous intensity of beam out to the angle where the intensity is 50% a source in a given direction. The term has been of the maximum. This is referred to in degrees. The retained from early lighting sciences when a standard beam angle (sometimes called “beam spread”) is candle of a fixed size and composition was defined often part of the ordering code for reflectorized lamps. as producing one candela in every direction. A plot See also field angle. of intensity versus direction is called a candela distribution curve and is often provided for directional Beam Spread: See Beam Angle. lamps and luminaires with a lamp operating in them. Binning: A systematic process of dividing LEDs Candelabra base: Small screw base for lamps, also into smaller subgroups with a similar brightness and known as an E12 base. chromaticity distributions. Halco minimizes color variation by utilizing binning for LEDs used in ProLED Candlepower: Obsolete term for luminous intensity, lamps at +/- 200K. see Candela. Bi-Pin – Fluorescent: A lamp design utilizing two Candlepower Distribution: The candlepower pins on each end of a fluorescent lamp tube. This is at various angles from a light source show in a crucial to provide cathode heating voltage between numerical table and in a graph known as the luminous the two pins for rapid start and programmed start intensity distribution curve. This data can be found in operations. These lamp can also be used on instant photometric reports and is used to understand how start ballasts that are rated to run them. the light source will illuminate the area being lit. Bi-Pin – Halogen or Incandescent: A lamp design Capacitor: A device that can be used to store energy using two pins rather than a screw in or twist lock in an electric circuit. This is done via an electric field base to provide power to heat the filament. Most often between two closely spaced conductors. used in low voltage lighting for JC halogen capsules and MR-type lamps, there are line voltage versions. Cathode: Tungsten filaments that emit electrons in a Black Body (Planckian radiator) – A theoretical ideal fluorescent lamp, and are often coated in an emissive thermal radiator whose SPD curve is defined by its material to assist in starting. Negatively charged free temperature in Kelvin and whose color coordinates lie electrons emitted by the cathode are attracted to the exactly on the Planckian curve. Tungsten lamps (both positive electrode (anode), creating an electric current incandescent and halogen) are close enough to be between the two electrodes, generating the UV that is considered blackbodies for the purpose of SPD. converted into visible light by the phosphor. Orders and Inquiries • 800.677.3334 • Fax 800.880.0822 • www.halcolighting.com 139 Appendix GLOSSARY OF TERMS Cathode Guard: Metal band encircling the cathode Class P: A classification for thermally protected of a fluorescent lamp, used to collect the evaporating ballasts established by Underwriters Laboratories. In particles from the cathode, greatly reducing end- Class P ballasts, internal thermal cutoff removes the blackening. input power when the specified temperature limits are exceeded. CDM: See Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide. CMH: See Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide. CDMH: See Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide. Coefficient of Utilization (CU):The fraction of initial Center Beam Candlepower (CBCP): Refers to the lamp lumens that reach the work plane. It is a function luminous intensity at the center of the beam of a of luminaire efficiency, room surface reflectance, and reflector lamp; measured in candelas. room shape. Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide: A type of metal Coil: Windings of copper or aluminum wire around halide discharge lamp that uses a translucent the core in electromagnetic ballast that transforms the alumina (ceramic) material for the arc tube instead of voltage from input to output. glass quartz. This material is stronger and has higher heat and chemical tolerances than quartz, allowing Color Corrected: Refers to a lamp with a special a different chemical mix to be used which results phosphor or coating to give it a color rendering profile in better color rendering (>80 CRI) and improved similar to natural daylight.
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