Evaluating Sediment Accumulation Behind Dams in the Great Lakes Watershed from Past to Present Fatemeh Alighalehbabakhani Alighalehbabakhani Wayne State University
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Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2017 Evaluating Sediment Accumulation Behind Dams In The Great Lakes Watershed From Past To Present Fatemeh Alighalehbabakhani Alighalehbabakhani Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Alighalehbabakhani, Fatemeh Alighalehbabakhani, "Evaluating Sediment Accumulation Behind Dams In The Great Lakes Watershed From Past To Present" (2017). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1680. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1680 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. EVALUATING SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION BEHIND DAMS IN THE GREAT LAKES WATERSHED FROM PAST TO PRESENT FATEMEH ALIGHALEHBABAKHANI DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2017 MAJOR: CIVIL ENGINEERING © COPYRIGHT BY FATEMEH ALIGHALEHBABAKHANI 2017 All Right Reserved DEDICATION This thesis work is dedicated to my parents, who have always loved me unconditionally and taught me to work hard for achievements. This work also dedicated to my husband, Mohsen, who has encouraged and supported me during the challenges of school and life. I am truly thankful for having you in my life. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor Prof. Carol Miller for the support of my study and research, for her kindness, motivation, and knowledeg. I was so lucky to have her as my advisor, teacher, and mentor. I could not have pictured having a better advisor for my Ph.D research and study. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee members and instructors, Dr. Jeffery Howard, and Dr. Shawn McElmurry, Dr. James Selegean. I am grateful to Dr. James E. Almendinger, senior scientist at St. Croix Watershed Research Station, for enlightening me at some aspects of SWAT software. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ........................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................... xvii Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1.Background …………………………………………………………………………………1 1.2.Hypothesis…………………. ...................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review ............................................................................................ 4 2.1.Sediment…… ............................................................................................................ 4 2.2.Sediment Trap Efficiency within the Impoundments ................................................ 10 2.3.Watershed Modeling System .................................................................................. 15 2.3.1.Hydrology in SWAT .............................................................................................. 16 2.3.2.Upland Sediment Erosion in SWAT ...................................................................... 18 2.3.3.Soil Erodibility Factor ............................................................................................ 19 2.3.4.Cover and Management Factor ............................................................................ 20 2.3.5.Support Practice Factor ........................................................................................ 21 2.3.6.Topographic Factor .............................................................................................. 21 2.3.7.Coarse Fragment Factor ...................................................................................... 21 iv 2.3.8.Sediment within Impoundments in SWAT ............................................................ 23 2.4.Calibration Tool ....................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 3 Study Location Description ........................................................................... 30 3.1. Ballville Dam .......................................................................................................... 31 3.2. Webber Dam .......................................................................................................... 37 3.3. Riley Dam……….. .................................................................................................. 42 3.4. Upper Green Lake Dam ......................................................................................... 47 3.5. Goshen Pond Dam ................................................................................................. 53 3.6. Independence Dam ................................................................................................ 56 3.7. Lake Rockwell Dam ................................................................................................ 61 3.8. Ford Lake Dam....................................................................................................... 67 3.9. Potter’s Falls Dam .................................................................................................. 69 3.10. Brown Bridge Dam ............................................................................................... 74 3.11. Mio and Alcona Dams .......................................................................................... 77 Chapter 4 Methodology ................................................................................................. 82 4.1.Ballville Dam ........................................................................................................... 84 4.1.1.Calibration the Post- European Model .................................................................. 84 4.1.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ......................................... 90 4.2.Webber Dam ........................................................................................................... 91 4.2.1.Calibration the Post- European Model .................................................................. 91 v 4.2.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ......................................... 94 4.3.Riley Dam……......................................................................................................... 95 4.3.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model .................................................................. 95 4.3.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ......................................... 96 4.4.Upper Green Lake Dam .......................................................................................... 97 4.4.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model .................................................................. 97 4.4.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ......................................... 98 4.5. Goshen Pond Dam ............................................................................................... 100 4.5.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model ................................................................ 100 4.5.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ....................................... 101 4.6.Lake Rockwell Dam ............................................................................................... 102 4.6.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model ................................................................ 102 4.6.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ....................................... 105 4.7.Ford Lake Dam...................................................................................................... 107 4.7.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model ................................................................ 107 4.7.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ....................................... 108 4.8.Potter’s Falls Dam ................................................................................................. 109 4.8.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model ................................................................ 109 4.8.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ....................................... 114 4.9.Brown Bridge Dam ................................................................................................ 115 vi 4.9.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model ................................................................ 115 4.9.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ....................................... 116 4.10.Mio and Alcona Dams ......................................................................................... 117 4.10.1.Calibrating the Post- European Model .............................................................. 117 4.10.2.Developing and Calibrating the Pre- European Model ..................................... 119 Chapter 5 Results