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Vegetation and Flora of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois Bob Edgin Illinois Nature Preserve Commission

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Vegetation and Flora of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois Bob Edgin Illinois Nature Preserve Commission Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 2005 Vegetation and Flora of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois Bob Edgin Illinois Nature Preserve Commission Gordon C. Tucker Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] John E. Ebinger Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Edgin, Bob; Tucker, Gordon C.; and Ebinger, John E., "Vegetation and Flora of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois" (2005). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 157. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/157 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VEGETATION AND FLORA OF AMERICAN BEECH WOODS NATURE PRESERVE, CLARK COUNTY, ILL! NOTS Bob Edgin Gordon C.Tucker 1 and John E. Ebinger Illinois Noture Preserves Commtssion Department of Biological Sciences Springfteld, 11/tnots 6210 I, U.S.A. Eastern illinois University Charles ton, Illinois 61920, U.S.A ABSTRACT Amcnccm Beech \\/oods Na ture Preserve is loc.ncd on lllinoian till in the Wabash llorder Division of life of (33.35 m 2/ ha vs. 22.91 m2/ ha) ReSU MeN La Rcscrva:-.Jaturalde I bya AmcriLana est a uhicadaen terre no 11 \inoisen Ia fro nt eradel Rio Wabash lNTRODUCTlON At the beginning of extensive Europea n settlement (ca . .!8 00), aOO ut 61% of Illi­ nois was prairie and sava nna. The re mainder, mostly the more rugged terrain, was woodland and forest (Kuchler 1964; Anderson 1970; Iverson eta!. 1991; Ebinger 1997). In such areas of rugged terrain, tree species composition varied 1Corresponding au thor; d gct@f'IU ed u SIDA11 (3); 1861-1878.1005 1861 BRIT.ORG/SIDA11(3) locall y w ith oaks (Q ue rcus spp.) and hickories (CQrjQ spp.) being the common for est species on drier mostl y upland sites. Mesophytic species such as elm (Uin111 s spp. ), ash (l..,·ru x imis spp.), and sugar m aple (Accr sacclwrrw1 Marsh.) were associated with the dissec ted ravines and narrow river l"loodplains (Braun 1950; Anderso n 198 3; Cowell & Jac kson 2002). At the eastern edge of lllmois. particubrly in the Wabash Gorder Natural Divi sion, m;_~.n y of these forests con­ tained American beech (Fdg tl sg, ra lldij(J/i a t: hrh.), tulip tree (Liriodcndnm lHlipifcru L.), and other tree species typi c<lll y found in for ests w the cast of Illi ­ nois (Sc hwegman 1973). American beech has a \vide range comparable to that of other m ajor Eastern Dec iduous Forest trees. Bee ch-ma pl e for ests usually in cl uded some species of oaks and hickories and re<tc hcd the \Ves tern limit of their ra nge in cast-ce mral anc.l so uthern Illi­ nois. In illinois, the few rem aining examples of this community type arc asso­ ciated with steep, d ee pl y dissec ted ravine systems, narrow valleys, and narro\v to broad ridges. The beech -m apl e component has a ri ch herbaceous laye r on the m esic slopes and an oak-hickory component on the ridges and m ore level upbnds. These re mnants have been vari ously disturbed by logging, grazing_ and exotic species invasion. Three examples of this forest community located in the \Vabash Ri ver Va ll ey have been dedicated as lllinOJs Nature Prese rves (M cFa ll & Karnes 1995) Oc­ currences of American beech in this region h J.ve enhanced significa nce as these populations represent the western edge of the range of a wide ranging eastern North American spec ies. The Am eri can Beec h VVcxxls Na ture Pr eserve contain s one or these protec ted beech-m aple forests. The objectives of our study were to doc um ent the \'ascubr fl ora; ro determine the com{XIsiti on and struc­ ture of the V..'oody and herb:1 ceous vegetation: and to analy ze changes in the fo rest com positi on that occ urred since the forest was last stud ied in 1973. flf SCR IPT ION l'f T HE STUDY AREA The Ameri can Beec h V/oods t\aturc Preserve, dedicated as a nature preserve in 1985, b located in Lincoln Trail State Park (frg.ll,abou t 5 km south of Marsha ll , Clark Count y, Illinois (SE/-l , NW /-+,52, TIO N, RI2W; 39"20'30'N. 87"-l2'4 5"W ) Located in the Southern Upland Section of the \\iabash Border Natural Divi­ sion about 15 km rrom the lndiana state line, the preserve is situated on lllinoian glacial till about 20 km south of the term inal moraine o f \Viseonsin glac iation (Sc hwegman 1973). The presenT, about 8 ha in size, has rugged topography, ranging in eleva tion from 167 m at the edge of Li ncoln Trail Lake lo 190 111 at the highest point. To pographic k:atures include stee p-sided ravines, va ll ey wall s of va ri ous slope aspects, and narro\\r ridges. The wrslern boundary of the pre­ serve 10\ lows the shorel ine or Lincoln Trail La ke. Presently most of the preserve is high quality, old second gro''-'th, mesic and dry-mesic upland forest (White & Madany 1978 ). Based on the ori ginal Government La nd Offi ce survey records EDG INETAL, FLORAOFAM ERICAN8EECHWOODSNATU REP RES ERVE 1863 f iG. l. The loca lion of Clar k County in eastern Il lin ois, and the location of American Beech Woods Na ture Preserve in Lin co ln Trail State Park, Sof Mars hall, Illinois (cou rtesy of the Illinois Nature Preserves Commission ). at the illinois Sta te Archives in Springfield (Hutc hison 1988), the woods sti ll retains many of the species present prior to settlemenr by Euro peans The overstory of the preserve was sampled in 1973 as part of an extensive study that examined the structure and composition of beech-maple forests in lll inois, Indiana, Michiga n, and Wisconsin (Dunn l978). Two prescribed burns (Nov 1993 and Dec 1998) have been conducted in the preserve, while seedli ngs and sapli ngs of sugar maples have been removed recent! y from the flat uplands a nd ridgetops. The soils of the ridgetops are Swy silr loam, a somewhat poorl y drained soil that formed in loess underlain by Illinoian glacial ti ll (Awalt 1979). Soi ls of the wooded slopes and drai nages are llickory loam, a well -draineJ soil that developed in Ill inoian glacial till. These soil s overlay bedrock composed of Pe nn­ sylvanian shale and sandstone (Dun n l978) The climate is continental, characrerized by hor, humid summers and cold wi nters. Vv'ea( her station records for MarshalL Ill inois, about 6 km nort h of the preserve, indicate that the area receives an average annual precipitation of 104 em which fa ll s mostly as rain during the period of Apri l through September (Weather.com 2002}january is the coldest month with an ave rage high tem­ perature of 1° C and an average low tem perat ure -8° C. The record high fo r the month was 2?0 Con january 9,1932 anU the record low was -31° Con j a nuary 18, l930.july is the hottest month with an average high tem perature of 31" C and an average low of 17° C The record high for the month was 43° Con j ul y 14, 1936 and the record low was 7° Conjuly 1, 1937 (wcather.com 2002} 1864 BRIT.ORG/S IDA 21(3) MATERIALS AND ' IETIIODS The area was visi1ed numerous rimes Juring rhe 1999, 2000, and 2001 growing seasons. During each I rip, all new flowering or fru it ing species encountered were collected, the specimens idcmificd, and deposited in 1he Sw vcr-Ebinger l lcrbarium (EIU) of Eastern 1\ linois Uni versi ly, Charleston. Native status and norncnclaturc fo ll ows Mohlenbrock (2002) All vasc ular plant taxa observed arc enumerated in the Annotated Species Ust (Appendix 1). Vegetatio n sampling to determine quamir:uive abundance of wooJy a nd herbaceous specie s was conducted on Augus1 29 and 30, 2000. We employed the strat ified-random line-strip method of Lindsay (1955) as modi fied by Donsclman (1973), Levenson (1973),and Dun n (1978). Usi ng this method,over­ s\O ry 1rces, saplings, shrubs, and ground layer strata were sampled simulta­ neously in rectangular plots positioned along transect li nes. Sam ple plots for I he overswry trees c ~ LO.O em db h) were dclimi led usi ng a 100m ta pe divided into 25m sec I ions. Ovcrs1ory 1 rees were sampled in LO m x 25 m (0.025 ha) w it h four located along each transect. All trees w hose ce mers were loc.ucd within the plots were inc luded in 1hc sample. Aspect of the plot, species, and d iameter at breast height (db h) were recorded for each individual located wi thin th e boundaries of each plot. Large saplings (5.0 em d bh - 9.9 em dbh), imermcchate saplings (;;, 2.5 em dbh; ,;; 4.9 em dbh), small saplings(;;, 50.0 em tall; ,;; 2.4 em db h), shrubs, and the ground laye r ( woody seed lings < 50.0 cm tal l and al l herbaceous taxa) were samplrd in recwngular plots loca ted at the zero, 25 m, 50 m, and 75 m mark of the 1ape.
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