Bouquet of Tulips a Symbol of Remembrance and Support
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BOUQUET OF TULIPS A SYMBOL OF REMEMBRANCE AND SUPPORT OCTOBER 4TH, 2019 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris Foreword by Christophe Girard, Deputy Mayor of Paris in charge of culture Foreword by Jane Hartley, United States Ambassador to France from 2014 to 2017 Foreword by Jeff Koons, artist Biography of Jeff Koons Bouquet of Tulips - A symbol of remembrance and support Bouquet of Tulips - Technical description Project coordinated by: - Fonds pour Paris - Paris Foundation - Noirmontartproduction Main donors Donors 2 3 FOREWORD ANNE HIDALGO Mayor of Paris JEAN-BAPTISTE GURLIAT / MAIRIE DE PARIS GURLIAT JEAN-BAPTISTE © I am very honored and touched by Jeff Koons’s gesture, who wished to personally and creatively express his solidarity with our city and his love for Paris. This monumental work, in homage to the victims of the attacks that deeply affected our city, is a testimony to the friendship between the American and French people, as well as New York and Paris. Like a bridge between two cities affected by terrorism, but which have found the strength to rise again in the dignity of their population. For this work is given, first and foremost, to Parisians who will be able to admire it firsthand. This “Bouquet of Tulips,” symbolic of Jeff Koons’s work, is supposed to surprise us through its color and freedom, and, over time, will be inscribed in Paris’s heritage. Modern art should constantly make us question our ideas, and I am sure that this work will not fail to question the convictions of those who will come to discover it, and that it will participate in the reputation, drawing power and beauty of Paris. Anne Hidalgo 4 5 FOREWORD CHRISTOPHE GIRARD Deputy May of Paris in charge of culture SOPHIE ROBICHON/ MAIRIE DE PARIS SOPHIE © Long-time friends and united in the defense of freedom, the United States, upon a proposal by Jane D. Hartley, United States Ambassador in Paris from 2014 to 2017, wished to give the City of Paris, traumatized by the 2015 and 2016 terrorist attacks, a work of art in order to demonstrate their profound support. And what better than a bouquet of flowers to show respect and symbolize the act of giving? Instead of the traditional twelve flowers that normally make up a bouquet, the artist decided to give Paris a bouquet with eleven tulips, alluding to the victims’ absence. A major contemporary artist, there is no lack of adjectives for Jeff Koons, audacious for some, provocative for others, and yet, he leaves no one indifferent. From the Chateau of Versailles, to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, by way of the Pompidou Center, it is undeniable that Koons leaves a mark on and disrupts art history. By accepting this work, Paris is countering cruelty with art to navigate the storm as well as culture so as to never forget the victims of the attacks. To those who doubt and believe that the Bouquet of Tulips by Jeff Koons has no place in Paris, we are offering them art instead of arms. Christophe Girard 4 5 FOREWORD JANE HARTLEY United States Ambassador to France from 2014 to 2017 DR © When I was U.S. Ambassador, France suffered some of the worst terrorist attacks in its history. During this time, the U.S. and France stood in solidarity. Our two countries and our two people share a deeply held belief in the principles of Freedom and Liberty. Today celebrating the inauguration of the ‘Bouquet of Tulips’, we stand together once again. This unique sculpture is a gift to the city of Paris and the people of France in remembrance of the victims of the 2015-2016 terrorist attacks. This sculpture, imagined by Jeff Koons as a symbol of remembrance, optimism and healing, is another example of the unalterable friendship between our two countries. The Arts have always been a powerful tool that remind us of our commonalities and bring people of all ages, colors, creeds, circumstances and backgrounds to- gether. Jane Hartley 6 7 FOREWORD JEFF KOONS Artist CHRIS FANNING. COURTESY JEFF KOONS COURTESY CHRIS FANNING. © Bouquet of Tulips is a symbol of offering, which is represented by the outstretched hand holding the colorful flowers. It was created as a symbol of remembrance, optimism, and healing in moving forward from the horrific events that occurred in Paris and elsewhere in France in 2015 and 2016. Bouquet of Tulips references the hand of the Statue of Liberty holding the torch. I wanted to make a gesture of support and friendship between the people of the United States and France. The work also has a dialogue with Pablo Picasso’s Friendship bouquet (1958) and his sculpture Woman with vase (1933) in the act of offering. You can also look at the sculpture and think of the Impressionist flowers of Monet or the Rococo flowers of François Boucher or Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Flowers are associated universally with optimism, rebirth, the vitality of nature, and the cycle of life. They are a symbol that life goes forward. Within Bouquet of Tulips, the inflatable tulips represent loss, rebirth and the vitality of the human spirit. To convey the loss that occurred to the victims and their families, the bouquet is comprised of only eleven flowers. The missing twelfth will always represent the loss that occurred from the attacks. Jeff Koons 6 7 JEFF KOONS BIOGRAPHY Jeff Koons is one of the most prominent artists working today. He is known for transforming everyday images and objects into works of art that engage the viewer. For four decades, Koons has created works of art that explore themes of self-acceptance, empowerment, and transcendence. Jeff Koons was born in York, Pennsylvania, in 1955. He studied at the Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland, and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. He received a BFA from the Maryland Institute College of Art in 1976. Koons lives and works in New York City. Since his first solo exhibition in 1980, Koons’s work has been shown in galleries, museums, and cultural institutions throughout the world. Koons’s work is in numerous collections, including The Broad Art Foundation, Los Angeles, California; Guggenheim Bilbao, Spain, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo; The Museum of Modern Art, New York; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; Tate Gallery, London; and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, and many other public and private collections throughout the world. In 2014, his work was the subject of a major exhibition organized by the Whitney Museum of American Art, Jeff Koons : A Retrospective, which traveled to the Centre Pompidou Paris and the Guggenheim Bilbao. In 2008, Koons was the first living artist to exhibit in the apartments of the Château de Versailles. Koons is widely known for creating iconic works of art, including Rabbit, Michael Jackson and Bubbles, and Balloon Dog. The smooth, mirrored surfaces of his stainless steel sculptures reflect and affirm the viewer in their environment. A dialogue with the readymade is evident in his paintings that often employ montage and art historical references. Koons is known for his monumental public sculptures, such as Puppy and Split-Rocker. Jeff Koons has received numerous awards and honors in recognition of his cultural achievements. Notably, President Jacques Chirac appointed Koons to Chevalier de l’Ordre National de la Légion d’Honneur in 2001 and promoted him to Officier in 2007 for his ongoing strengthening of relations between France and the United States. In 2013, Koons was honored with the U.S. Department of State’s Medal of the Arts for his outstanding commitment to the Art in Embassies Program and international cultural exchange. Koons was inducted as an Honorary Member of the Signet Society for Arts and Letters at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2002); elected as an Honorary Royal Academician, the Royal Academy of Arts, London (2010); and inducted as an Honorary Member at the University of Oxford’s Edgar Wind Society (2017). In 2017, Koons became the first Artist-in-Residence at Columbia University’s Mind Brain Behavior Institute. Koons has been a board member of The International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) since 2002 and co-founded the Koons Family International Law and Policy Institute with ICMEC for the purpose of combating global issues of child abduction and exploitation. 8 9 BOUQUET OF TULIPS A SYMBOL OF REMEMBRANCE AND SUPPORT Imagined by the artist as a symbol of remembrance, optimism and healing, Bouquet of Tulips is a monu- mental and unique sculpture, created by Jeff Koons for this donation to the City of Paris. Symbolizing the act of offering, represented by the outstretched hand holding a bouquet of colorful flowers, Bouquet of Tulips evokes the hand of the Statue of Liberty holding the torch, while it also has a dialogue with Pablo Picasso’s Friendship Bouquet. Flowers are associated here as well as universally with optimism, rebirth, the vitality of nature, and the cycle of life. They are a symbol that life goes forward, explained Jeff Koons in November 2016. The work has a very realistic appearance, both the hand and the balloon tulips. The work evokes support and friendship in the realization of the terrible loss from the terrorist attacks in 2015 and 2016 but also symbolizes the offering of friendship and support between France and the United States. To convey the loss that occurred to the victims and their families, the bouquet is comprised of only eleven flowers.