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Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 44(1) 1977

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Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 44(1) 1977 Volume 44 1977 Number 1 PROCEEDINGS The Helminthological Society A semiannual journal of research devoted to r He/mf,nfhoJo0;y and a// "branches of, Parasitology ... .;.i-. ,,•• , . Supported in part by the , 1' Braytoh^H. Ronsom^Memorial Trust Fund, . ; :-..V |:_ 7- " , ^-i ' 'Subscription $Ti5iOO a Volurne; Foreign, $15.50 ^ • •:iy>'."-:- r'/:"-~ '''-,,<—>'"'•<•••^.:.-^v" A;'- :!.'';'''.X^~ ':V CQNTENts !V"; -- PROGRAM OF %HE SbOfh MEETINQ ^ V ?, yThe Control of Parasites: 1 v'</?-, p . \' ' \".. :,^ c'\, , F ~jcx,.) i,'' 'i/ ••• introduction by E. J. L. iSoulsby ,. .„ bx y_.i-j.:_'_-7 ..^.....^...:... The Role sof the Parasite by Thomas'C. Gheng;.. _..U-^-7c-^—j—~~~ The ARdle ,.of Drugs byvW. C. ^Campbell ; _— T.^ilI-:_. ;„„: 2.. i7 The Role .of the Host by E. J. L. -Soulsby:.^J.....+:...±:±.:^..^.. lV'\- ''• r; •'./';. ;;\ ;.rj-., > '••.'• (Cpnttn«ed on Bocfc Gpoer) . V .-;.,. A" I ^v;^-/-; *>4\; -" 4-> y ' ^' ,'; ; -}/^i\ <•'. '• •t^vv> "-3v»! 'A'( '.. .. v ••; oil • - \ i . ,'.,./.'. • •• ; ; i,'-. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington r ! THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON v THE SOCIETY meets once a month, from October throughYM ay for the ^presentation and discussion of papers in,any and all branches ,of parasitblogy or related sciences. All interested persons are invited to attend. ' ~;,.,' ;. - : Persons Interested in membership in the Hehninthplqgical Society of Washington may obtain application blanks from the Recording Secretary, Dr. "Ronald Payer, ."Animal Parasitology Institute, ARS-USDAyx'Beltsville, Maryland 20705. A year's subscription to the Proceedings is included in the :annual dues ($8.00). ;"") ; - , PFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1977 ? i > President: KENDALL G. POWERS / ^ > /-•. Vice\ HARLEYG. SHEFFIELD ; ' ; / , Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer J. RALPH LICHTENEELS; / , / u Assistant Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer: MILFORD N. LUNDE i "s r ^Recording Secretary: RONALD^ PAYER V ;•/ '• "" :r- ./- , V Librarian: JUDITH M. SHAW (1962- ) :^'~:~:',-:': Archivist: JUDITH M. SHAW (1970- ),') - / Representative to:the Washington Academy of Sciences: )ROBERT S. ISENSTEIN (1976- ) Representative'to the American Society of Parasitologists: H'ARllY HERLICH (1975- ) Executive Committee Members-at-Large: JAMES C. BURKE, 1977 / - \ . ,: ;•[.•., ',; V:,'/;-s •''•'^ ! '\L O. JFOSTER> J977 / >.'•.'-•' -:C:'; { ' '••-IK PA;CHECO, 4978 ; LVSCHILLER", 1978 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ' ' • \- ,- '• "; •..' l'v"' ,-..,- . • :';•. v ' ' \-,' THE -PROG]EEpINGS are published semiannually ;at Lavvrence, Kansas'by the Helmintho- logical Society of Washington. Papers need not be presented at a meeting to be published \in the Proceedings. „_ <, , >/T^ ,;; ^ ' . : >" , > 'MANUSCRIPTSShould be ;sent to the EDITOR, A. James Haley, Department ^f Zoology, University of/Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Manuscripts must be typewritten, double spaced, and in finished form. The original and two copies are required.,,-Photocopies of "figures ,and drawings may be, siubmitted for review purposes; origihaJls will be i Requested after acceptance'ofxthe manuscript. 'Papers are accepted with the Understanding that they will be ^published only in ,the Proceedings, " •'••; •','•• REPRINTS may be ordered from tiie PRINTER at the same time the corrected proof vis Te'turned to_,the "EDITOR..'', [ ' - {\ '••_x - ;: .^ --- .y < ' . • - ~Q\:, ] ' " r \ 'V;"! ^ -BAGKX VQLUMES of-the Proceedings are available.w Inquiries concerning back volumes and current >sub§cfiptiPns should fee directed to: Helniinthological Society of Washington, c/o Allen Press, Inc., 1041 New Hampshire St., Lawrence, Kansas 66044, U.S,A. BUSINESS OFFJCE. The Socieity's business office is at Lawrence, Kansas. All inquiries, .cohcerriing subscriptions or back issues and all payments for dues,--subscriptions, and back issues should be addressed/to: Helminthological Society of Washington, c/o Allen Press, Inc., 104l New '/Hampshire J5t, 'Lawrence, Kansas 66044, U-S-A. / -/,"^i'\' "•^'.;-^.. EDITORIAL BOARD ; '/•&"/'-. &' • 4 ' •;! '.. ..r"-« : •* ':: yt ;A. .JAM_ES HALEY, Editor '-y >'_,/• ' ' J^Vi'fe '19^7- -,'-r V>^; :';.,' )-l978 -; /.;;j _. ^f ' -.,;' $Tf : .1979 rf. MURRAY D. DAILEY NEWTON^KINGSTON .DOMINIC DE GIUSTI -JOHN E. HALL . RALPH I. LICHTENFELS DONALD J. FORRESTER BETTY JUNE MYER^ JOHN S. MACKIEWICZ KENNET^ C. KATES - STEWART C. SCHELL ,. ROBING. OVERSTREET JOHN D; MIZELLE V :A GENXB. SOLOMON , GERALD D. SCHMIDT MARTIN J. ULMER ^ : Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOLUME 44 JANUARY 1977 NUMBER 1 The Control of Parasites The 500th meeting of the Helminthological Society of Washington was held on May 15, 1976, at New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. The historical associations for this quincentennial meeting to be held at the University of Pennsylvania were strong; it was the bicentennial year with its focus on Philadelphia; Joseph Leidy the father of American parasitology was a professor at the University and the first Medical School in the country was established in Philadelphia. And yet the event came naturally, in the regular sequence of the monthly meetings of the Society. In the same uncontrived manner it was a consequence that the meeting was devoted to a consideration of the control of parasites; in a way, a self-examination by the Society of the progress it had made after 499 meetings, but more importantly of looking forward beyond the 500th meeting. The process of looking forward, of speculating, of enumerating unsolved problems and of tentatively program- ming for control measures of the future was approached from the holistic inter- relationship of host, parasite and drug symbolized by the three interlocking circles in the logo above. Consideration of the interaction between host, parasite and drug is not new, it was begun long ago by Paul Ehrlich, but we still have the need, frequently, to ac- knowledge Ehrlich's contribution to the understanding of the integrated system. Three papers were presented, Dr. Thomas C. Cheng on the role of the para- site, Dr. William C. Campbell on the role of drugs and Dr. E. J. L. Soulsby on the role of the hosts. These are published in this number of the Proceedings. Collectively, they form a point of departure for new approaches to the control of parasites, since as each contribution shows, it is no longer possible to ignore the interlinkages symbolized by the three circles.—E. J. L. SOULSBY Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Control of Parasites: The Role of the Parasite1 Uptake Mechanisms and Metabolic Interference in Parasites as Related to Chemotherapy1' THOMAS C. CHENG Institute for Pathobiology, Center for Health Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 ABSTRACT: By employing examples selected from among intra- and intercellular protozoan and helminth parasites, the idea that the specific uptake mechanisms of these dependent organisms may select for or against the delivery of drugs is being advanced. Furthermore it is being pointed out that parasiticidal properties of certain drugs may be based on their ability to alter the uptake mech- anisms of parasites. Although not generally considered to be effectual by the pharmaceutical industry, the idea of searching for specialized metabolic pathways unique to parasites and inhibiting these to their detriment is being reemphasized to be a more scientifically challenging approach to the develop- ment of new drugs. Also, the idea of taking advantage of quantitative differences favoring disrup- tion of biochemical and physiological processes in the parasite should be considered in drug de- velopment. In the control of parasites by employing drug. In view of this, a brief review of the drugs, the selective physiologic vulnerability uptake mechanisms of selected parasites is and chemical receptibility of the parasites play presented. important roles. In other words, ideally, the drug should readily enter and adversely affect Uptake Mechanisms the parasite and at the same time not be dele- INTRACELLULAR PROTOZOANS. The uptake terious to the host. In this contribution I have mechanisms by intracellular protozoan para- attempted to focus in on some of the proper- sites are intimately associated with how they ties of selected parasites which conceivably acquire nutrients. Among members of the could serve to regulate or control their re- classes Telosporea, Piroplasmea, and Zoo- ceptivity to drugs. mastigophorea that are intracellular parasites, Ecologically speaking the host's internal en- there is a cytostome through which molecules vironment is the endoparasite's habitat. Con- from their habitat can be ingested; however, sequently, in order for a drug to enter the among intracellular members of the classes parasite, it must be taken up from its habitat. Microsporea and Haplosporea, such an aperture In the case of most protozoans and astomate is absent and hence other uptake mechanisms helminths, this means molecular uptake must be operative. through the body surface. On the other hand, The cytosomes of telosporeans and piro- in the case of such helminths as the digenetic plasmeans are essentially circular indentations trematodes and nematodes, the uptake of drugs in the pellicle (Fig. 1). When observed en theoretically could occur either as the result face, each cytostome appears as two electron-
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