The Complex Pedigree of BRIANNA, a Hybrid Created In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Complex Pedigree of BRIANNA, a Hybrid Created In BRIANNA PEDIGREE DIAGRAM The complex pedigree of brianna, a hybrid created in Wisconsin (US), involves deliberate and natural crosses between 93 distinct parents encompassing the species Vitis aestivalis, Vitis berlandieri, Vitis cinerea, Vitis labrusca, Vitis lincecumii, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris and Vitis vinifera. In this pedigree, some varieties appear more than once simply to make the illustration easier to read, and Vitis is abbreviated to V. in some instances to save space. Gatefold_Brianna.indd 1 23/07/2012 15:12 Vitis vinifera V. labrusca Gouais Blanc ? ? Savagnin Vitis cinerea ? Aramon Noir Te i n t u r i e r Vitis aestivalis Catawba subsp. cinerea Muscat Blanc Axina de Petit Jaeger 43 Jaeger 43 V. labrusca ? ? Diana V. labrusca ? V. labrusca ? Garnacha ? Vitis rupestris Vitis rupestris à Petits Grains Tres Bias Bouschet Herbemont (V. lincecumii) (V. lincecumii) Muscat of Schiava Vitis riparia Alicante Henri Herbemont Concord Iona Concord ? Concord Rupestris du Lot Munson Munson Vitis vinifera Alexandria Grossa Carver Bouschet d’Aurelles 1 Muscat of Moore's Diamond Beta Witt Terras 20 Vivarais Seibel 29 Danugue Hamburg Muscat Blanc Axina de Roi des Golden Muscat Minnesota 78 ? V. labrusca Bienvenu à Petits Grains Tres Bias Noirs Muscat of Schiava Vitis vinifera V. labrusca Concord ? ? Alexandria Grossa Muscat of Vitis vinifera V. labrusca Catawba ? Belvidere V. labrusca ? ? V. labrusca ? V. labrusca Hamburg Schiava Vitis riparia V. labrusca ? Isabella ? Diana ? V. labrusca ? Concord ? Concord ? Concord Grossa Carver Belvidere Vitis riparia Schiava Diana × Concord Carter Concord Muscat of Moore Early Beta Witt Carver Grossa Hamburg Hamburg Beta Salem Brighton Campbell Early Minnesota 78 Rubilande Elmer Vitis Jaeger 43 Gouais Onaka V. labrusca Vitis rupestris ? Swenson 217 vinifera (V. lincecumii) Blanc Vitis rupestris Vitis rupestris Emily Munson Vitis vinifera Aramon Noir Bourrisquou Vitis rupestris Ganzin Vitis vinifera V. labrusca Vitis vinifera V. labrusca Bourrisquou Afus Ali Bayard Seibel 2 Ganzin 1 × Blanc Royal Gouais Vitis rupestris ? V. labrusca Isabella V. labrusca Catawba V. labrusca ? Blanc Nouveau Seibel 85 Bayard Vitis cinerea Vitis rupestris Concord Hartford Dracut Amber ? Vitis aestivalis Aramon Noir susbsp. cinerea Ganzin Champion Lutie Jaeger 43 Jaeger 43 Gouais Herbemont ? Vitis rupestris Ganzin 60 Bourboulenc Vitis rupestris ? (V. lincecumii) (V. lincecumii) Blanc Herbemont Vitis rupestris Por tland Hubbard Munson Bicane Pascal Blanc Vitis vinifera Munson Aramon Noir d’Aurelles 1 Ganzin Clairette Dorée V. labrusca ? V. labrusca ? Vivarais Vitis berlandieri Sicilien ? ? Seibel 14 Ganzin 1 Ganzin Vitis riparia Seibel 2003 Concord ? Concord × Seibel 752 Seibel 451 Seibel 405 Carver Berlandieri Beta Witt Siebel 3011 Seibel 4614 Seibel 4595 Seibel 4199 Minnesota 78 Kendaia Seibel 6468 Subéreux Elmer Swenson 80 Villard Blanc Elmer Swenson 593 ? Swenson Elmer Swenson 5-14 Red Kay Gray Elmer Swenson 2-12-13 Brianna Gatefold_Brianna.indd 2 23/07/2012 15:12.
Recommended publications
  • Native Woody Plants of Montgomery County, Maryland
    Native Woody Plants of Montgomery County, Maryland ~ John Mills Parrish, 2002 Plant List State Where Latin Name Common Name Rank/Status Occurrence Found GYMNOSPERMAE - GYMNOSPERMS Cupressaceae - Cypress Family Juniperus Red Cedar C virginiana Pinaceae - Pine Family Pinus strobus White Pine VR Patuxent St. Park; Northwest Br. Park Pinus rigida Pitch Pine UC Scattered throughout county Pinus echinata Yellow/Shortleaf Pine UC Scattered throughout county Pinus pungens Table-mountain Pine VR NW Branch Pk; Blockhouse Pt. Park Pinus Virginia Pine C virginiana Tsuga Hemlock VR Patuxent St. canadensis Pk; Seneca Ck. St. Park ANGIOSPERMAE - MONOCOTS Smilacaceae - Catbrier Family Smilax glauca Glaucous Greenbrier C Smilax hispida Bristly Greenbrier UC/R Potomac (syn. S. River & Rock tamnoides) Ck. floodplain Smilax Common Greenbrier C rotundifolia ANGIOSPERMAE - DICOTS Salicaceae - Willow Family Salix nigra Black Willow C Salix Carolina Willow S3 R Potomac caroliniana River floodplain Salix interior Sandbar Willow S1/E VR/X? Plummer's & (syn. S. exigua) High Is. (1902) (S.I.) Salix humilis Prairie Willow R Travilah Serpentine Barrens Salix sericea Silky Willow UC Little Bennett Pk.; NW Br. Pk. (Layhill) Populus Big-tooth Aspen UC Scattered grandidentata across county - (uplands) Populus Cottonwood FC deltoides Myricaceae - Bayberry Family Myrica cerifera Southern Bayberry VR Little Paint Branch n. of Fairland Park Comptonia Sweet Fern VR/X? Lewisdale, peregrina (pers. com. C. Bergmann) Juglandaceae - Walnut Family Juglans cinerea Butternut S2S3 R
    [Show full text]
  • Current Breeding Efforts in Salt‐And Drought-Tolerant Rootstocks –
    12/12/2017 Current Breeding Efforts in Salt‐and Drought-Tolerant Rootstocks – Andy Walker ([email protected]) California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission / California Grape Rootstock Research Foundation CDFA NT, FT, GV Improvement Advisory Board California Table Grape Commission American Vineyard Foundation E&J Gallo Winery Louise Rossi Endowed Chair in Viticulture Rootstock Breeding Objectives • Develop better forms of drought and salinity tolerance • Combine these tolerances with broad nematode resistance and high levels of phylloxera resistance • Develop better fanleaf degeneration tolerant rootstocks • Develop rootstocks with “Red Leaf” virus tolerance 1 12/12/2017 V. riparia Missouri River V. rupestris Jack Fork River, MO 2 12/12/2017 V. berlandieri Fredericksburg, TX Which rootstock to choose? • riparia based – shallow roots, water sensitive, low vigor, early maturity: – 5C, 101-14, 16161C (3309C) • rupestris based – broadly distributed roots, relatively drought tolerant, moderate to high vigor, midseason maturity: – St. George, 1103P, AXR#1 (3309C) 3 12/12/2017 Which rootstock to choose? • berlandieri based – deeper roots, drought tolerant, higher vigor, delayed maturity: – 110R, 140Ru (420A, 5BB) • champinii based – deeper roots, drought tolerant, salt tolerance, but variable in hybrids – Dog Ridge, Ramsey (Salt Creek) – Freedom, Harmony, GRNs • Site trumps all… soil depth, rainfall, soil texture, water table V. monticola V. candicans 4 12/12/2017 CP‐SSR LN33 1613-59 V. riparia x V. rupestris Couderc 1613 14 markers 22 haplotypes Harmony Freedom V. berlandieri x V. riparia Couderc 1616 Ramsey Vitis rupestris cv Witchita refuge V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 157-11 (Couderc) 3306 (Couderc) V. berlandieri x V. vinifera 3309 (Couderc) Vitis riparia cv.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Grapes in Missouri
    MS-29 June 2003 GrowingGrowing GrapesGrapes inin MissouriMissouri State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University-Mountain Grove Growing Grapes in Missouri Editors: Patrick Byers, et al. State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University Department of Fruit Science 9740 Red Spring Road Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711-2999 http://mtngrv.missouristate.edu/ The Authors John D. Avery Patrick L. Byers Susanne F. Howard Martin L. Kaps Laszlo G. Kovacs James F. Moore, Jr. Marilyn B. Odneal Wenping Qiu José L. Saenz Suzanne R. Teghtmeyer Howard G. Townsend Daniel E. Waldstein Manuscript Preparation and Layout Pamela A. Mayer The authors thank Sonny McMurtrey and Katie Gill, Missouri grape growers, for their critical reading of the manuscript. Cover photograph cv. Norton by Patrick Byers. The viticulture advisory program at the Missouri State University, Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center offers a wide range of services to Missouri grape growers. For further informa- tion or to arrange a consultation, contact the Viticulture Advisor at the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center, 9740 Red Spring Road, Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711- 2999; telephone 417.547.7508; or email the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center at [email protected]. Information is also available at the website http://www.mvec-usa.org Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 Considerations in Planning a Vineyard ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based
    HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data
    PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine Grape Terminology- the Lingo of Viticulture
    Wine Grape Terminology- The Lingo of Viticulture Dr. Duke Elsner Small Fruit Educator Michigan State University Extension Traverse City, Michigan 2014 Wine Grape Vineyard Establishment Conference Viticulture Terminology Where to start? How far to go? – Until my time runs out! What are grapes? “…thornless, dark-stemmed, green- flowered, mostly shreddy-barked, high-climbing vines that climb by means of tendrils.” Cultivated species of grapes Vitis labrusca – Native to North America – Procumbent shoot growth habit – Concord, Niagara, dozens more Vitis vinifera – Eastern Europe, middle east – Upright shoot growth habit – Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Gewurztraminer, etc. Other important species of grapes Vitis aestivalis Summer grape Vitis riparia Riverbank grape Vitis rupestris Sand grape Vitis rotundifolia Muscadine grape Vitis cinerea Winter grape Variety A varient form of a wild plant that has been recognized as a true taxon ranking below sub- species. Cultivar A variety of a plant species originating and continuing in cultivation and given a name in modern language. Hybrid Cultivar A new cultivar resulting from the intentional crossing of selected cultivars, varieties or species. Hybrid Cultivar A new cultivar resulting from the intentional crossing of selected cultivars, varieties or species. Clone (clonal selection) A strain of grape cultivar that has been derived by asexual reproduction and presumably has a desirable characteristic that sets it apart from the “parent” variety. Pinot Noir = cultivar Pinot Noir Pommard = clone Grafted vine A vine produced by a “surgical” procedure that connects one or more desired fruiting cultivars onto a variety with desired root characteristics. Scion Above-graft part of a grafted vine, including leaf and fruit-bearing parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Grape Varieties for Indiana
    Commercial • HO-221-W Grape Varieties for Indiana COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE • DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE PURDUE UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • WEST LAFAYETTE, IN Bruce Bordelon Selection of the proper variety is a major factor for fungal diseases than that of Concord (Table 1). Catawba successful grape production in Indiana. Properly match- also experiences foliar injury where ozone pollution ing the variety to the climate of the vineyard site is occurs. This grape is used primarily in white or pink necessary for consistent production of high quality dessert wines, but it is also used for juice production and grapes. Grape varieties fall into one of three groups: fresh market sales. This grape was widely grown in the American, French-American hybrids, and European. Cincinnati area during the mid-1800’s. Within each group are types suited for juice and wine or for fresh consumption. American and French-American Niagara is a floral, strongly labrusca flavored white grape hybrid varieties are suitable for production in Indiana. used for juice, wine, and fresh consumption. It ranks The European, or vinifera varieties, generally lack the below Concord in cold hardiness and ripens somewhat necessary cold hardiness to be successfully grown in earlier. On favorable sites, yields can equal or surpass Indiana except on the very best sites. those of Concord. Acidity is lower than for most other American varieties. The first section of this publication discusses American, French-American hybrids, and European varieties of wine Other American Varieties grapes. The second section discusses seeded and seedless table grape varieties. Included are tables on the best adapted varieties for Indiana and their relative Delaware is an early-ripening red variety with small berries, small clusters, and a mild American flavor.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 2: Plant Lists
    Appendix 2: Plant Lists Master List and Section Lists Mahlon Dickerson Reservation Botanical Survey and Stewardship Assessment Wild Ridge Plants, LLC 2015 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Acalypha rhomboidea Native 1 Forb 9 Acer palmatum Invasive 0 Tree 1 Acer pensylvanicum Native 7 Tree 2 Acer platanoides Invasive 0 Tree 4 Acer rubrum Native 3 Tree 27 Acer saccharum Native 5 Tree 24 Achillea millefolium Native 0 Forb 18 Acorus calamus Alien 0 Forb 1 Actaea pachypoda Native 5 Forb 10 Adiantum pedatum Native 7 Fern 7 Ageratina altissima v. altissima Native 3 Forb 23 Agrimonia gryposepala Native 4 Forb 4 Agrostis canina Alien 0 Graminoid 2 Agrostis gigantea Alien 0 Graminoid 8 Agrostis hyemalis Native 2 Graminoid 3 Agrostis perennans Native 5 Graminoid 18 Agrostis stolonifera Invasive 0 Graminoid 3 Ailanthus altissima Invasive 0 Tree 8 Ajuga reptans Invasive 0 Forb 3 Alisma subcordatum Native 3 Forb 3 Alliaria petiolata Invasive 0 Forb 17 Allium tricoccum Native 8 Forb 3 Allium vineale Alien 0 Forb 2 Alnus incana ssp rugosa Native 6 Shrub 5 Alnus serrulata Native 4 Shrub 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Native 0 Forb 14 Amelanchier arborea Native 7 Tree 26 Amphicarpaea bracteata Native 4 Vine, herbaceous 18 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Anagallis arvensis Alien 0 Forb 4 Anaphalis margaritacea Native 2 Forb 3 Andropogon gerardii Native 4 Graminoid 1 Andropogon virginicus Native 2 Graminoid 1 Anemone americana Native 9 Forb 6 Anemone quinquefolia Native 7 Forb 13 Anemone virginiana Native 4 Forb 5 Antennaria neglecta Native 2 Forb 2 Antennaria neodioica ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Rootstocks As a Management Strategy for Adverse Vineyard Conditions
    FACT SHEET 14 MODULE 14 Rootstocks as a management strategy for adverse vineyard conditions AUTHOR: Catherine Cox - Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia These updates are supported by the Australian Government through the Irrigation Industries Workshop Programme - Wine Industry Project in partnership with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation. waterandvine.gwrdc.com.au Rootstocks as a management strategy for adverse vineyard conditions Introduction 2 Understanding different rootstock This Fact Sheet consolidates current knowledge around the key characteristics rootstocks used in Australian Viticulture in terms of tolerance to V. riparia x V. rupestris drought, salinity and lime. These rootstocks offer low-moderate vigour to the scion, and in The aim of this module is to briefly summarise the pros and cons certain situations hasten ripening. They do not tolerate drought of each rootstock and showcase the existing industry resources conditions. These characteristics make them particularly suited that can be used to aid in the selection of rootstocks in the key to cool climate viticulture. These rootstocks perform best on growing regions within the Murray Darling Basin. soils that dry out slowly and have moderate-high water holding For more information and training contact your local Innovator’s capacities. They impart low vigour to the scion and hence are Network member or go to http://waterandvine.gwrdc.com.au. suitable to high fertility sites and growing conditions. V. berlandieri x V. riparia 1 Introduction to rootstocks These rootstocks offer moderate-high vigour to the scion Grapevine rootstocks are derived from American Vitis species that depending on the soil type.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muscadine Grape (Vitis Rotundifolia Michx)1 Peter C
    HS763 The Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx)1 Peter C. Andersen, Ali Sarkhosh, Dustin Huff, and Jacque Breman2 Introduction from improved selections, and in fact, one that has been found in the Scuppernong River of North Carolina has The muscadine grape is native to the southeastern United been named ‘Scuppernong’. There are over 100 improved States and was the first native grape species to be cultivated cultivars of muscadine grapes that vary in size from 1/4 to in North America (Figure 1). The natural range of musca- 1 ½ inches in diameter and 4 to 15 grams in weight. Skin dine grapes extends from Delaware to central Florida and color ranges from light bronze to pink to purple to black. occurs in all states along the Gulf Coast to east Texas. It also Flesh is clear and translucent for all muscadine grape extends northward along the Mississippi River to Missouri. berries. Muscadine grapes will perform well throughout Florida, although performance is poor in calcareous soils or in soils with very poor drainage. Most scientists divide the Vitis ge- nus into two subgenera: Euvitis (the European, Vitis vinifera L. grapes and the American bunch grapes, Vitis labrusca L.) and the Muscadania grapes (muscadine grapes). There are three species within the Muscadania subgenera (Vitis munsoniana, Vitis popenoei and Vitis rotundifolia). Euvitis and Muscadania have somatic chromosome numbers of 38 and 40, respectively. Vines do best in deep, fertile soils, and they can often be found in adjacent riverbeds. Wild muscadine grapes are functionally dioecious due to incomplete stamen formation in female vines and incom- plete pistil formation in male vines.
    [Show full text]
  • Champanel Grapes Make Excellent Jelly and Are Often Used to Make a Fruity-Flavored Red Wine
    EHT-120 4/19 Grape Variety Profile: Champanel Justin Scheiner* Champanel is a Pierce’s Disease (PD) tol- erant hybrid grape cultivar. It was developed by T.V. Munson in 1893 as a cross between the native Texas species Vitis champinii and the Worden cultivar. Worden is a Vitis labrusca hybrid grape, similar to Concord. As such, Champanel resembles Concord in appearance and flavor but is better adapted to the growing conditions in Texas. Champanel has a procumbent (downward) growth habit with pubescent shoots and leaves. These fine “hairs” grow densely on the back side Figure 1: Two year old Champanel vine displaying a of the leaves, giving them an aesthetic silver or downward growth habit. light grey appearance. The leaves of Champanel can be quite large —6 to 8 inches across (Fig. 2). Champanel is a vigorous grower and should be trained to a high wire system that allows the shoots to cascade downward. Champanel is very popular for arbors and other structures due to its attractive appearance and fruit. Champanel grapes make excellent jelly and are often used to make a fruity-flavored red wine. Champanel is typically grown as un-grafted or own-rooted vines. It has been used as root- stock due to its tolerance to a wide range of soil * Extension Viticulture Specialist, The Texas A&M University System Figure 2: Large leaf and cluster of Champanel. conditions and possible tolerance to cotton root This moth often heavily infests the leaves of rot. Champanel and the wild mustang grape (Vitis While Champanel has good resistance to mustangensis).
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Analysis and Cell Morphology of Vitis Rupestris Cells to Botryosphaeria Dieback Pathogen Diplodia Seriata
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Transcriptome Analysis and Cell Morphology of Vitis rupestris Cells to Botryosphaeria Dieback Pathogen Diplodia seriata Liang Zhao 1,2,†,‡ , Shuangmei You 1,2,†, Hui Zou 1,‡ and Xin Guan 1,2,* 1 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 2 Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400716, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-(0)23-6825-0483 † These authors contributed equally to the experimental part of this work. ‡ Current address: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China. Abstract: Diplodia seriata, one of the major causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback, spreads world- wide, causing cankers, leaf spots and fruit black rot in grapevine. Vitis rupestris is an American wild grapevine widely used for resistance and rootstock breeding and was found to be highly resistant to Botryosphaeria dieback. The defense responses of V. rupestris to D. seriata 98.1 were analyzed by RNA-seq in this study. There were 1365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) and enriched by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The DEGs could be allocated to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the plant–pathogen in- teraction pathway. Among them, 53 DEGs were transcription factors (TFs). The expression levels of 12 genes were further verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
    [Show full text]