Jurnal Pelaksanaan Pemberian Ganti Kerugian

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Jurnal Pelaksanaan Pemberian Ganti Kerugian JURNAL PELAKSANAAN PEMBERIAN GANTI KERUGIAN BAGI PEMEGANG HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL MANADO-BITUNG DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA Diajukan oleh : Jesica Suciawan NPM : 130511281 Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum Program Kekhususan : Hukum Pertanahan dan Lingkungan Hidup FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA 2016 JURNAL PELAKSANAAN PEMBERIAN GANTI KERUGIAN BAGI PEMEGANG HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL MANADO-BITUNG DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA Diajukan oleh : Jesica Suciawan NPM : 130511281 Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum Program Kekhususan : Hukum Pertanahan dan Lingkungan Hidup FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA 2016 i ABSTRACT The legal writing is The Implementation Of The Compensation Payment To The Holders Of Rights To Land In Providing Land For The Construction Of Manado-Bitung Toll Road In Order To Realize The Legal Protection In The North Minahasa Regency In North Sulawesi Province. The formulation of the issue are how the implementation of the compensation payment to the holders of rights to land in providing land for the construction of Manado-Bitung toll road in order to realize legal protection in the North Minahasa Regency in North Sulawesi Province andwhether it is already realizing the legal protection? The purpose of this research is to determine the formulation of legal issues as written before. This research was an empirical law.Based on the results of this study concluded that the implementation of the compensation payment to the holders of rights to land in providing land for the construction of Manado-Bitung toll road in districts North Minahasa not fully implemented and in the form of money already provide legal protection to the former holders of rights to land because most of the people affected by providing land has been approved the form and amount of compensation set by the committee on land acquisition. Keywords : Property Rights To Land, Providing Land, Compensation, Legal Protection iii 1. PENDAHULUAN Hak milik hapus bila : Tanah merupakan anugerah Tuhan a. tanahnya jatuh kepada Negara : Yang Maha Esa bagi manusia karena 1. karena pencabutan hak aktifitas manusia yang berhubungan dengan berdasarkan pasal 18; tanah, oleh karena itu, penguasaan, 2. karena penyerahan dengan penggunaan dan pemanfaatan tanah harus sukarela oleh pemiliknya ; diatur untuk menjamin kemakmuran rakyat, 3. karena diterlantarkan; seperti yang diatur dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) 4. karena ketentuan pasal 21 ayat Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Atas dasar (3) dan pasal 26 ayat (2). Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945 inilah b. tanahnya musnah. kemudian ditetapkan Undang-Undang Berdasarkan Pasal 27 UUPA salah satu Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan sebab hapusnya hak milik adalah karena Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria yang lebih pencabutan hak berdasarkan Pasal 18 UUPA dikenal dengan singkatan resminya UUPA. yang menentukan bahwa : Pasal 16 ayat (1) UUPA ditentukan Untuk kepentingan umum, termasuk macam-macam hak atas tanah meliputi hak kepentingan bangsa dan Negara serta milik, hak guna usaha, hak guna bangunan, kepentingan bersama dari rakyat, hak- hak pakai, hak sewa, hak membuka tanah, hak atas tanah dapat dicabut dengan hak memungut hasil hutan, dan hak-hak lain memberi ganti kerugian yang layak dan yang tidak termasuk dalam hak-hak tersebut menurut cara yang diatur dengan di atas yang akan ditetapkan dengan undang- Undang-undang. undang serta hak-hak yang sifatnya Jadi pencabutan hak atas tanah itu sementara sebagai yang disebutkan dalam dimungkinkan akan tetapi harus berdasarkan Pasal 53. Macam-macam hak atas tanah syarat-syarat tertentu, yaitu untuk kepentian sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 16 umum, harus disertai ganti rugi yang layak, ayat (1) mempunyai fungsi sosial. Hal ini ditinjau dari nilai, manfaat dan kemampuan sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 6 UUPA yang tanahnya.1 Serta menurut cara yang diatur menentukan bahwa “Semua hak atas tanah dengan Undang-Undang. Adapun Undang- mempunyai fungsi sosial.” Maksud dari Undang yang dimaksud adalah Undang- ketentuan Pasal 6 di atas adalah hak atas Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 1961tentang tanah apapun yang dikuasai oleh siapapun Pencabutan Hak-Hak atas Tanah dan Benda- tidak dapat dibenarkan oleh hukum kalau Benda yang Ada di Atasnya. hanya untuk dipergunakan kepentingan Selanjutnya dalam Pasal 10 Undang- pribadi tetapi wajib memperhatikan Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 1961 menentukan kepentingan masyarakat luas. Hal ini tidak bahwa : berarti bahwa kepentingan perorangan Apabila dalam penyelesaian persoalan diabaikan melainkan antara kepentingan tersebut di atas dapat dicapai perorangan dan kepentingan masyarakat luas persetujuan jual-beli atau tukar- dapat berjalan seimbang. menukar, maka penyelesaian dengan Dengan mengingat Pasal 6 Undang- jalan itulah yang ditempuh, walaupun Undang Pokok Agraria maka hak milik atas sudah ada surat keputusan pencabutan tanah haruslah memperhatikan fungsi sosial hak. atas tanah yang bersangkutan, tidak Ketentuan dalam Pasal 10 ini maksudnya mengutamakan kepentingan pemegang hak yaitu pencabutan hak adalah jalan yang milik atas tanah saja tetapi harus juga terakhir untuk memperoleh tanah dan/atau memperhatikan kepentingan sosial. benda-benda yang diperlukan itu. Oleh Hak milik dapat hapus karena beberapa hal yang diatur dalam Pasal 27 Undang- 1 G.Kartasapoetra, R.G.Kartasapoetra, dan Undang Pokok Agraria yang menentukan A.G.Kartasapoetra, 1986, Permasalahan bahwa : Pertanahan Di Indonesia, Bina Aksara, Jakarta, hlm.2. karena itu apabila dapat dicapai persetujuan Kemudian pada tahun 2012 ditetapkan dengan yang mempunyai tanah maka cara Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 itu yang akan dilakukan. tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 10 Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 1961 ini dengan peraturan pelaksana yaitu Peraturan maka dikeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Presiden Nomor 71 Tahun 2012 tentang Negeri Nomor 15 Tahun 1975 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Ketentuan Mengenai Tata Cara Pembebasan Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum, Tanah.2 Kemudian Peraturan Menteri Dalam yang kemudian mengalami perubahan Negeri Nomor 15 Tahun 1975 dicabut dengan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 40 Tahun dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 55 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Tahun 1993 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Presiden Nomor 71 Tahun 2012 tentang Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Untuk Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Kepentingan Umum dengan ketentuan Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum pelaksananya yaitu Peraturan Menteri yang kemudian diubah dengan Peraturan Negara Agraria / Kepala Badan Pertanahan Presiden Nomor 99 Tahun 2014 tentang Nasional Nomor 1 Tahun 1994 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Presiden Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pelaksanaan Nomor 71 Tahun 2012 tentang Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum. Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Keputusan Presiden Nomor 55 Tahun Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum 1993 selanjutnya digantikan dengan dan diubahlagi dengan Peraturan Presiden Peraturan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 2005 Nomor 30 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pelaksanaan Ketiga Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 71 Untuk Kepentingan Umum. Hal ini Tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan dikarenakan dalam Keputusan Presiden Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Nomor 55 Tahun 1993 tidak ditentukan Kepentingan Umum. mengenai ganti kerugian fisik dan nonfisik. Berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka (2) Undang- Peraturan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 bahwa : 2005 selanjutnya diubah dengan Peraturan Pengadaan Tanah adalah kegiatan Presiden Nomor 65 Tahun 2006 tentang menyediakan tanahdengan cara Perubahan Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor memberi ganti kerugian yang layak 36 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengadaan Tanah danadil kepada pihak yang berhak. Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Maksud dari pasal ini adalah pengadaan Umum dengan peraturan pelaksana tanah adalah kegiatan menyediakan tanah Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan dengan cara memberikan ganti kerugian Nasional Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang kepada pihak yang berhak. Pihak yang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Presiden berhak yaitu pihak yang telah melepaskan Nomor 36 Tahun 2005 Tentang Pengadaan hak atas tanahnya. Tanah Bagi Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Selanjutnya bentuk-bentuk ganti rugi Untuk Kepentingan Umum Sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 36 Undang-Undang Telah Diubah Dengan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 yaitu dapat berupa Nomor 65 Tahun 2006 Tentang Perubahan uang, tanah pengganti, permukiman Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun kembali, kepemilikan saham, atau bentuk 2005 Tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi lain yang disetujui oleh kedua belah pihak. Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Untuk Dasar penetapan ganti kerugian Kepentingan Umum. terhadap pengadaan tanah tersebut akan ditentukan dengan musyawarah sesuai dengan ketetapan yang diatur Pasal 37 ayat (1)Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012. 2 Soedharyo Soimin, 2008, Status Hak dan Pembebasan Tanah, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, hlm. 72. Sampai saat ini pengadaan tanah untuk dengan data sekunder terdiri atas bahan kepentingan umum masih menjadi persoalan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. di Indonesia, salah satunya yaitu mengenai Untuk memperoleh data primer pelaksanaan pemberian ganti rugi. dilakukan dengan kuesioner yaitu dengan Kenyataannya di Kabupaten Minahasa mengajukan pertanyaan kepada responden Utara, pembangunan
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