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Final Report Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic Zoobenthos - Coping with Change “BIANZO II” J. Ingels, A. Vanreusel, M. Raes, F .Pasotti, K. Guilini, F.Hauquier, P. Martin, C. d’Udekem d’Acoz, H. Robert, C. Havermans, C. De Broyer, C. De Ridder, P. Dubois, A. I Catarino, P. Dauby F. Nyssen, B. David, B. Pierrat Science for a sustainable development (SSD) Biodiversity - Antarctica Final Report Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic Zoobenthos - Coping with Change “BIANZO II” SD/BA/02 Promotors Ann Vanreusel Universiteit Gent (UGent) Sectie Mariene Biologie Krijgslaan 281/Building S8 B-9000 Gent Patrick Martin & Claude De Broyer Section of Freshwater Biology Department of Invertebrates Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor natuurwetenschappen (KBIN) Rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussel Chantal De Ridder, Philippe Dubois Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Marine Biology Laboratory, CP 160/15 Avenue F. Roosevelt 50 B-1050 Bruxelles Bruno David Biogéosciences Université de Bourgogne (uB) 6, bd Gabriel 21000 Dijon - France Patrick Dauby (phase 1) Université de Liège (ULg) Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement Systématique et diversité animale BAT. B6 allée de la Chimie 3 B-4000 Liège Authors Jeroen Ingels, Ann Vanreusel, Maarten Raes, M. Sc. Francesca Pasotti, M. Sc. Katja Guilini, M. Sc. Freija Hauquier, Ghent University (UGent) Patrick Martin, Claude De Broyer, Cédric d’Udekem d’Acoz, Henri Robert, M. Sc. Charlotte Havermans (IRScNB/KBIN) Chantal De Ridder, Prof. Dr. Philippe Dubois, M. Sc. Ana I Catarino (ULB) Patrick Dauby (phase 1) (ULg) Bruno David, M. Sc. Benjamin Pierrat (uB) D/2012/1191/13 Published in 2012 by the Belgian Science Policy Avenue Louise 231 Louizalaan 231 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 238 34 11 – Fax: +32 (0)2 230 59 12 http://www.belspo.be Contact person: Maaike Vancauwenberghe +32 (0)2 238 36 78 Neither the Belgian Science Policy nor any person acting on behalf of the Belgian Science Policy is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The authors are responsible for the content. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without indicating the reference : Ingels J, Vanreusel A, De Broyer C, Martin, P, De Ridder C, Dubois P, Dauby P, David B, d’ Udekem d’Acoz C, Robert H, , Catarino AI, Pierrat B, Havermans C, Pasotti F, Guilini K, Hauquier F. BIANZO II: Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic Zoobenthos - Coping with Change. Final Report. Brussels : Belgian Science Policy 2011 – 133 p. (Research Programme Science for a Sustainable Development, SSD). Project SD/BA/02 - Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic Zoobenthos - Coping with Change “BIANZOII” TABLE OF CONTENT 1) SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 5 a) Context .................................................................................................................................................... 5 b) Objectives ................................................................................................................................................ 6 c) Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................. 7 d) Contribution of the project in a context of scientific support to a sustainable development policy ....... 10 e) Keywords ............................................................................................................................................... 10 2) INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 11 a) Background and rationale ...................................................................................................................... 11 b) Subject: BIANZO II, coping with change .................................................................................................. 12 c) WP 1 - NOWBIO: Nature, distribution and evolution of the benthic biodiversity ................................... 13 i) State of the Art before BIANZO II ............................................................................................................ 13 ii) NOWBIO objectives ................................................................................................................................. 15 d) WP 2 - DYNABIO: Ecofunctional role of biodiversity in benthic communities and their ability to cope with change ........................................................................................................................................... 16 i) State of the art before BIANZO II ............................................................................................................ 16 ii) DYNABIO objectives ................................................................................................................................ 18 e) WP 3 - FOREBIO: Forecasts for the XXIst century under global change ................................................... 19 i) State of the art before BIANZO II ............................................................................................................ 19 ii) FOREBIO objectives ................................................................................................................................. 21 3) METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS .................................................................................... 23 a) Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 23 i) Collection of faunal and environmental material ................................................................................... 23 ii) Data development .................................................................................................................................. 24 iii) Biogeography (related to joint biogeographical paper) .......................................................................... 25 iv) Morphological taxonomy ........................................................................................................................ 26 v) Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny ...................................................................................................... 26 vi) Trophic position and dynamics ............................................................................................................... 27 vii) Experiments on the ability of the Antarctic zoobenthos to cope with change ....................................... 29 viii) Communication, integration and valorisation ........................................................................................ 30 ix) FOREBIO .................................................................................................................................................. 31 b) Results ................................................................................................................................................... 33 i) NOWBIO – Nature, distribution and evolution of the benthic biodiversity ............................................ 33 (1) Structure and function of fauna in the Larsen area – Responses to large-scale ice shelf collapse.... 33 (a) Meiofauna ..................................................................................................................................... 34 (b) Echinoids ....................................................................................................................................... 38 (2) Ectosymbioses on echinoids .............................................................................................................. 38 (3) Systematics and phylogeography of Southern Ocean amphipods .................................................... 39 (4) Comparative biogeography of Antarctic meio-, macro- and megabenthos ...................................... 45 ii) DYNABIO – Ecofunctional role of biodiversity in benthic communities and its ability to cope with change ..................................................................................................................................................... 54 (1) Trophic position, food selectivity, and trophodynamics of Antarctic shallow-water and deep-sea meiofauna (nematodes) .................................................................................................................... 54 (2) Trophic and metabolic aspects of amphipods ................................................................................... 60 (3) Temperature effects .......................................................................................................................... 62 (4) Trophic studies on echinoids ............................................................................................................. 63 SSD-Science for a Sustainable Development – Biodiveristy - Antarctica 3 Project SD/BA/02 - Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic Zoobenthos - Coping with Change “BIANZOII” (5) Ocean acidification effects ................................................................................................................. 67 (a) Larval development. .....................................................................................................................
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