Eliciting Truth from the Personality-Disordered Sex Y
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3/13/2013 Eliciting Truth from the Personality-Disordered Sex Offender, Part 1 21st Annual Conference on the Management of Adults and Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems Tiffany Niemann, MA, LPC-I Michael C. Gougler Licensed Polygraph Examiner Licensed Polygraph Examiner The Gougler Company, LLC “A lie would have no sense unless the truth were felt dangerous.” –Alfred Adler Overview… • Part 1 ––PolygraphPolygraph Information – Understanding Lying Behavior – Indicators of Deception • Part 2 – Characteristics of Personality Disorders – Utilizing knowledge of PDOs to elicit truth 1 3/13/2013 Polygraph FAQ’s • How reliable are polygraphs? • How do polygraphs work? • Who uses polygraphs tests? • Why use polygraph tests if they are not admissible in court? • Can you beat a polygraph? • What if I am really nervous? • What happens when you take a polygraph? A Good Liar… • Includes some truth • Gives unverifiable excuses • Appeals to your emotions • Believes his own lie 2 3/13/2013 Children h ave l earned to li e b y wh at age? (Bronson & Merryman, 2009) Why do people lie? • To avoid getting in trouble • To make themselves look better • To protect other’s feelings 3 3/13/2013 40% of parents b eli eve i t i s ok ay to li e to their children about what? (Fu, Evans, Wang & Lee, 2010) Deception Indicators • Emotion Expression • Verbal Indicators • Physical Movements 4 3/13/2013 What prof essi on i s th e most dishonest? (Wanis, 2010) Lying and Defense Mechanisms • Denial • Projection • Passive Aggression • Intellectualization/ Rationalization • Humor • Displacement • Undoing/ compensation • Reaction formation 5 3/13/2013 79% of ad ul ts h ave gi ven f al se contact information or invented a false identity in what situation? (White, 2000) What can I do when I think someone is lying? • Allow silence • Change the subject • Finish their sentences • Ask open or vague questions • Explain your perspective • Intensify the threat of being caught 6 3/13/2013 “Mak e th e li e bi g, mak e i t si mpl e, keep saying it, and eventually they will believe it.” --AdolfAdolf Hitler Lying Examples • http://www. youtube. com/watch?v= iC4tH LqJtpA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh163 n1lJ4M&p=E9512B9772F08A55&index=2 &playnext=2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh163 n1lJ4M&p=E9512B9772F08A55&playnext =1&index=1 7 3/13/2013 Thank you! Contact Information Tiffany Niemann: Tiffm ic hn@ yah oo.com Michael C. Gougler: [email protected] References • Bronson, P. & Merryman, A. (2009). Nurtureshock. New York: Twelve Publishing. • Fu, G., Evans, A. D., Wang, L., & Lee, K. (2008). Lying in the name of the collective good: A developmental study. Developmental Science, 11(4), 495495--503.503. • Maggs, K. (2010). Mums most likely to be lied to shows new poll. www.sciencemuseum.org.uk. • Wanis, P. (2010). Spotting a liar. http://patrickwanis. com/blog/index. php/2010/02/03/spotting-a- liar/commentliar/comment--pagepage--1/#comment1/#comment--36093609 • White, J.E. (2000). You can experience an authentic life. Nashville, TN: Word Publishing. 8 3/13/2013 Eliciting Truth from the Personality-Disordered Sex Offender, Part 2 21st Annual Conference on the Management of Adults and Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems Tiffany Niemann, MA, LPC-I Michael C. Gougler Licensed Polygraph Examiner Licensed Polygraph Examiner The Gougler Company, LLC “In most of us, by the age of thirty, the character has set like plaster, and will never soften again.” –William James Overview… • Part 1 ––PolygraphPolygraph Information – Understanding Lying Behavior – Indicators of Deception • Part 2 – Characteristics of Personality Disorders – Utilizing knowledge of PDOs to elicit truth 9 3/13/2013 How are PDs different from other mental illnesses? • Enduring • Pervasive • Inflexible • Stable • Onset in teen years or early adulthood • Though distressful, highly unlikely to seek professional help • High comorbidity Clusters of PDO’s • Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric – Paranoid PDO ––SchizoidSchizoid PDO – Schizotypal PDO • Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic – Antisocial PDO – Borderline PDO – Histrionic PDO – Narcissistic PDO • Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful ––AvoidantAvoidant PDO – Dependent PDO ––ObsessiveObsessive-- Compulsive PDO 10 3/13/2013 Prevalence • 1010-- 13% of general population (Weismann, 1993) • Antisocial PDO (Stout, 2005) – 4% of general population – 20% of prison inmates – 80% of violent offenders • Of female inmates (Louisiana State Penitentiary, 2011) – 79% borderline – 17% narcissistic – 4% antisocial Schizoid PD • Detached • Limited emotional expression • Indifferent to praise/ criticism • Aloof, unaffected • Uncomfortable when questioned • Oblivious to others’ emotions • Perpetual loners • Examples (schizoid traits, not disorder) – Batman – Sandra Bullock in The Net 11 3/13/2013 Cues to look for: • Lack of social skills • Little/ no social support • Prefer to be alone • NonNon--confrontational/confrontational/ passive aggression Howard Hughes 12 3/13/2013 Ted Kacsynski Dear, sweet Joe: You fat con man. You probably think I treated you badly by quitting without notice, but it’s your own fault. You gave me this big cock-cock-andand--bullbull story about how much money I could make selling tires and all that crap. “The sky’s the limit” and so forth. If you had been honest with me I would not have taken the job in the first place; but if I hadn’t taken it I wouldn’t have quit without giving you a couple of weeks notice. Anyhow, I have a check coming. I am enclosing a stamped, selfself-- addressed envelope in which you can send it. I had better get that check, because I know what authorities to complain to if I don’t get it. If I have to complain about the check, then while I’m at it, I might as well complilain a bout th he fact th hat you don ’h’t have a proper cage for putting air in split-split-rimrim tires, which, if I am not mistaken, is illegal. Love and kisses, Ted Kaczynski 13 3/13/2013 Antisocial PD • Lack of empathy, lack of remorse • Impulsive, aggressive • Deceitful • Conduct DO as a child • Charismatic, charming • Psychopathy ––SelfSelf--centeredcentered – Manipulative • Examples – Anthony Hopkins in Silence of the Lambs – Michael Douglas in Wall Street – Javier Bardem in No Country for Old Men Cues to Look for: • The pity play • Lack of remorse/ empathy • Making large, unlikely claims 14 3/13/2013 Charles Manson Dennis Rodman 15 3/13/2013 “Monsters. Aliens. Phantoms. None of them are real. The thought that an actual person could do this is too awful. So our imaginations create a way to make it easier to take. But even the strongest of iiti’timaginations can’t protect us once we know the truth.” --DexterDexter Borderline PD • Intense,,, chaotic, unstable relationship s • Extreme fear of abandonment • Manipulation • Low selfself--esteemesteem • Alternates idealization and devaluation of others • Damaging to self, destructive to others • Examples – Glenn Close in Fatal Attraction – Winona Ryder in Girl, Interrupted – Jennifer Jason Leigh in Single White Female 16 3/13/2013 Cues to Look for: • Polarizing/ splitting • Instability in relationships • Attempts to manipulate (usually somewhat obvious) Madonna 17 3/13/2013 Marilyn Monroe “She is an elusive character lacking in identity, overwhelmed by a barrage of painful emotions, consumed by hunger for love and acceptance, and careening from relationship to relationship and impulse to impulse in a desperate attempt to control these feelings.“ --Dr.Dr. Richard A. Moskovitz Liz Taylor Glenn Close 18 3/13/2013 Narcissistic PD • Preoccupation with the self • Grandiose thinking • Unrealistic sense of importance • Need for admiration • Lack of empathy • Sense of entitlement • Fantasies of unlimited success and fame • Inability to handle criticism – May react w ith rage, hum iliati on, cool i ndiff erence • Closet Narcissist – Omnipotent object rather than grandiose self • Examples – Jack Nicholson in A Few Good Men – Saddam Hussein Cues to look for • Reaction to criticism • Boredom with any topics not related to self • Boastful, bragging 19 3/13/2013 David Koresh Bill Clinton Yolanda Saldivar 20 3/13/2013 DSMDSM--V:V: Changes to Anticipate • Eliminates histrionic, paranoid, schizoid, and dependent personality disorders. • Each PDO will be evaluated on basis of selfself-- functioning and interpersonal functioning. • New diagnosis: Personality Disorder Trait Specified (PDTS) – Will specify traits from a list containing terms such as manipulative, deceitful, grandiose, attentionattention--seeking,seeking, callous, hostile. Thank you! Contact Information Tiffany Niemann: [email protected] Michael C. Gougler: [email protected] 21 3/13/2013 Reference • American Psy()gychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC. • Stout, M. (2006). The sociopath next door. Three Rivers Press, New York. • Weismann, M.M. (1993). The epidemiology of personality disorders: A 1990 update. Journal of Personality Disorders, 7, 44-44-62.62. 22.