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The Personal and Public Relationship Between Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox: Its Evolution and Significance

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The Personal and Public Relationship Between Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox: Its Evolution and Significance Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1961 The Personal and Public Relationship between Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox: Its Evolution and Significance Susan Grace Scroeder Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Scroeder, Susan Grace, "The Personal and Public Relationship between Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox: Its Evolution and Significance" (1961). Master's Theses. 1695. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1695 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1961 Susan Grace Scroeder THE PERSONAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDMUND BURKE AND CRARLES JAMES FOX: ITS EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE by Susan Grace Schroeder A. ftle'sis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements fo'r the Degree of Master o·f Arts June 1961 LUE Susan Grace Sohroeder was born in Ch1oago, Illinois, Apr1l 24, 19'7~ She was graduated tram New frier !ownshlp High School, W1nnetka, Illinols, June 1955. Afterattendinl Macmurra1 College, Jaoksonville, Il11no18. and De !auw Univerait7. Greencastle, Indiana, she was graduated from Saint Mar1- of-the-Wooda College, !erre Haute, Indiana, 1n June 1959, with the degree ot Bachelor ot Arts. Miss Schroeder began her graduate studies at Loyola Un1versity in September 1959. She has been employed as a graduate assistant 1n the English Department since that date. ill !ADm 01' OOI!D!S Chapter Page I. I1tRODUOTIOB A. Gi,tts and aooompl1shments of Burke and Pox .................... 'I" 1 B. Ba8io d1tterence in temperament and per- sonal hab1ts • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 7 o. !he triendshlp and Its bases • • • • •• 8 D. Justifications tor study • • • • • • 'I' 10 E. S~atement ot purpose ......... 'I' 11 P. Prooedure... .. • • • .. .. • • • • • •• 11 II. GBAVI!A!IOK !O PUSIOBs 1764 TO 1782 .. • • • 13 A. Biographical introduotion to Burke • • • 1, B. Biographical introduction to Pox • • • • 18 O. Ori,iD and nature of frie.dshlp. • • • • 21 D. &ravitatioa Phasel 1164 to 1114. • • • • 1. laitial pollt cal divergenoe ..... 2' 2. Relative politlcal influence, 1770 .. 2'24 ,. Pox's grow1ag 1ndependeaoe • • • .. .. 25 4. lilianee with Burke t 1774. • • • • • 27 5. Causes tor eonv.rele.. • • • • • • • 29 Politteal rustoD, 1774 to "82 • • • • • 1. Ett•• tlv ••••• ot Burke-Pox combia­ ati.D .. • • • • • .. .. • • • 'I" •• " 2.. Pr~ neats and Burke t s a.ad Pox'. '1 motive8 tor oppositl.. • • .. • • • • ,. Po11t1cal evente during war. • • • • '2 Personal tuel.a, 1774 to 1182. • • • • .. 1. Bv14eaee of war. unio•••••••• " 2.. Obaraeter of personal-polltioal " relation8hip • • • • • • • • • • • • " ,. Difterent concepts of relation bet,,­ '1 ee. per80nal aad publio lit. • • • • 40 4. 13vka's 3udpellt ot 'OX·8 character. 42 I. ~oxts asoeadane7 during Revolution and Burke's aoknowledgement • • • • • • • •• 46 III. VIBRl!IOBS !O COIVULSIOII 1782 TO 1791 ••• 48 A. DiT18ioJl8 within period • • • • • • • • • 48 B. Political relationship. 1782 to 1789 ••• 48 1 • SJ'mpioms and causes ot Burke's de- cline and Pox's ascenduoJ •••••• 48 2. Deoline and ascendanc1 confirmed ••• 53 ,. Pox-Iorth ooalitlon and its results • 54 4. Hastings 'trial. • • • • • • • • • • • 56 5. RegenoT questloa.. • •.• • • •.• • •• 57 O. Personal relationship, 1782 to 1789 ••• 58 1. Alterations in political positions and resulting character alterations • 58 2. Evidence of strong aftection ••••• 60 3. Political and personal differences •• 62 4. Summar, of altered relations. • • • • 66 D. Orisis in polItieal and personal rela­ tionshiP 1789 to 1791 •••••••••• 61 1. Initl a1 reactions to French Revol- ution • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 67 2. Basic difference in political views • 69 ,. Weakened personal relationsh1p •••• 70 4. Early breaches over Revolution •••• 71 5. Burke's _!{leetioRs and 1ts ettect •• 75 IY. UPL08IOll fO AlIlfIHlLA!IOJ'f 1791 TO 1'191. • • 11 A. Explosion in 1791 • • • • • • • • • • •• 77 1. Pox's Quebeo Bill •••••••••• 77 2. Angu1sh OYer com1ng rupture ••••• 79 ,. Ib:plosioa in lIa7 6th 8,8S10A. • • • • 80 4. ll'urthel" breaoh MaJ 11th ....... 8, 5. Oauses W1derlT1nB rift •.••••••• 84 B. Po11t10al results of breach • • • • • • • 85 O. 7.rsoaal reaction8 to breach. • • • • • • 8? D. 'inal annihilat10n ot relationship. • • • 89 1. Events preceding Burke's death •••• 89 2. Burke's refusal ot reo080111&t10••• 91 ,. Burke's and Pox's man1~e8tat1ons o~ sorrow. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 92 E. Summary ot ,ox's later career • • • • •• 9' .1 v. S"U:IOIA! 1011. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 95 A. I1Iportance of relationship • • • • •• • • 95 B. Summary of relationship's evolution, • • • 95 O. Oharacter traits uaderlying att~aet10. and ultimate diTergenoe. • • .. • • • • 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY • • • • • . .. • • • • • • • • • 102 CHAPTER I IJI'fRODUC'fIOB !wo of the most commaading public tigures in eighteenth centurr England were Edmund Burke and Charl.s lamee Pox. Burke has an aetonish1Dg distinotion: a8 other Inglish statesmen, Pox and PItt among them, exultantl,. cheered the outbreak ot the Prench Revolution, he, ·virtuall,. alone,·1 discerned that a danaerous trail ot violenoe would to1low its Inl'tlation. Bis 1790 Retleotions .2!! .lh! Reyolutioa J:I lragc!--tor its prophetic message, its literary splendor. and Its ultimate historical impac,--has earned Burke immor­ talit,._ But Burke's publio contributions ~paa a twent,r-e1ght year period ot undivided dedication. At the disposal ot England he laid unparalleled natural gltt81 -50 tull and cultured a mInd as Burke'.,--so vivld an imagination, and 80 intense and catholic an interest in all human attairs, past and preseni,-have never been placed at the service ot 1 2 the state by &Dlone except Cicero."2 Burkets speeches and writings mirrored an erudition unusually deep and wide. In speaking he ·could either bring his masses of information to bear directl, upon the subjects to whioh the, severally belonged-or he could avail himsel! of them generally to strengthen his faculties and enlarge his vlewa--or be could turn aD.7 portion of them to aocount for the purpose of illustrating his theme or enriching his diction.-' Burke's public efforts were alWQ18 oonsistent with a comprehensive philosophical outlook and motivated by the highest altruism. Throughout the American Revolution-from the earliest tremors to the tinal peaoe--Burke ¢ispla,ed the same adherence to prinoiple, the same wise foresight which distinguish his stand on the French Revolutioru undaunted by adamant opposition ot K1ng, Tor,. m1nisters, 2Sir George Otto Trevelyan, George III ~ CharI!, 1'011 (LondoD, 1929), I, 20'. Hunt po1n~s out a"'i"lYioero was a -model" to Burke "in Oh&rac~eri eloquence, policy. ethios, and philosophy." Reverend Wil iam Hunt, "Burke Edmund,· f!: 1iita:J 1ie.tM::!tBt§~r,~h!iI:d;:;~ b, Leaiie Stephen 'Lord Benr,r Brougham, Historioal Sketches of Sta,esmen ~ Fl~Miished in the Time ot I!orge 1lI, r (toDJoD,a5", T"tb-1. Is8ei 'iiitea tlia t ihen BuriCe spoke, "he never tailed to show the whole and every part, the ends and means, the relation ot means to means, and or means to ends, were all within his grasp." Robert Bis8et, The Lite ot Edmund Burke 1 (LondoD, 1800), I, 221. -- and people, by discouraged mutterings within his own party. Burke led the Whigs in urging conciliation and recognition of colonial rights. Later in his career, Burke paved the way for a more humane colonial policy in India by his persistent efforts to punish Warren Hastings' exploitation of his colonial offioe. Burke brought to offioe enormous genius and high politioal altruism; these oontributions had due impact on publio polioy_ Yet other aspects of Burke's life also establish his eminence. Throughout his adult career, he wielded an indefatigable pen, producing several signifioant literary and. political works. Brougham points out that Burke was as writer of the first olass, and excelled in almost every kind of prose compositioa.",4 Two works especial11 merit for him a -high pl&ce in literaturea5 , his 1756 Vindication ..2! N!tyr8J: Society,s masterly satire imitating the philos­ ophy and style of Bolingbroke. and his 1757 Philosophical InauirY 111;9 the Oris1, .!! Our Ideas .2!! l!! Sublime .!!li the Beautiful, an 8SS8Y on esthetic theor,y which Doctor Johnson 4nrougham, p. 176. 5Hunt, p. 346. 4 "'was one of the earliest to acknowledge •••a model of,·true and refined critlclsm.,,6 The latter work Bisset calls "not only an important acoession to philosopb7, an exertion of extraordinary genius, but a ground-work of extraordinar,y tame.tt7 Of Burkets mult1ple wr1tings in the politioal .t'leld, his 1770 pamphlet .Q.a th, CAlUJe .2.! !B.! Present Discontents t Adams asserts, 1s not only notable tor its style but ranks as a "textbook of Whig prinOiples.lta And Burkets pamphlets on the Frenoh Revolut1on, the aforementioned Refleotions and the later Letters on ~ Reg10ide Peace, have gained Burke a firm reputation for sty11st10 brillianoe and politioal wisdom. Durke's talents were displayed not onll in Parliament, not only in literary and political writings, but also, &.
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