Annualmagazine
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2021 I ANNUALMAGAZINE PAGE 04 ENERGY ISLANDS What role will they play in Denmark – and Europe? PAGE 10 HYDROGEN AT HIGH SPEED Are hydrogen pipelines coming to Denmark? PAGE 24 IN THE FIELD WITH BALTIC PIPE Farm owner meets Energinet. PAGE 32 WIND AND SOLAR BOOM – turns power grid upside down. ANNUALMAGAZINE Energinet’s annual magazine 2021 provides an easy-to-read update of Energinet’s activities, and the opportunities and chal- lenges the company is facing. PUBLISHER Energinet EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Helle Larsen Andersen [email protected] EDITOR Marianne Astrup Dybdahl [email protected] GRAPHIC DESIGN Sofie Kragh [email protected] TEXT Henriette Fast Viese Jesper Nørskov Rasmussen Marianne Astrup Dybdahl Pernille Foverskov Stanbury Thomas Laursen PHOTOGRAPHY Energinet Maria Tuxen Hedegaard Ricky John Molloy RED STAR, Robert Attermann BilledWerk Aalborg Portland BeGreen, one of the solar parks in Vejle Municipality PRINTING Energinet OBA-free CONTACT Marianne Astrup Dybdahl [email protected] +45 2518 8233 ENERGY ISLANDS: 04 GREEN ENERGY FOR MORE PEOPLE ARE HYDROGEN PIPELINES COMING 10 TO DENMARK? SPOTLIGHT ON 14 MOGENS LYKKETOFT ENERGY DATA COOPERATION 16 ACCELERATES GREEN TRANSITION DANISH OFFSHORE WIND EXPERTISE 20 HELPS ASIA REDUCE CO2 IN THE FIELD WITH 24 BALTIC PIPE COMBATTING CLIMATE GASES 30 –STEP-BY-STEP SOLAR AND WIND TURN POWER 32 GRID UPSIDE DOWN BIOGAS A KEY PIECE OF THE 36 CLIMATE JIGSAW PUZZLE 2020 38 IN FIGURES 4 Annual Magazine 2021 ENERGY ISLANDS – GREEN ENERGY FOR MORE PEOPLE Denmark is building the world’s first energy islands. They collect wind power from multiple wind turbines further out to sea than previous- ly seen – and distribute this as green energy to several countries. Energy islands are a key next step in order to expand offshore wind at the rate necessary for Europe to fulfil the Paris Agreement by 2050. Denmark and Europe can also lead the way for other regions of the world, where offshore wind power can be used for greener energy and provide better living standards without harming the climate. Annual Magazine 2021 5 ARTIFICIAL ISLAND IN THE NORTH SEA 3 GW offshore wind power in 2033 or soon thereafter. To be later expanded to 10 GW – or enough to supply 10 million households. BORNHOLM 2 GW offshore wind power in 2030 or gradual expansion. Power enough to supply 2 million households. 3 QUESTIONS FOR HANNE What is the point of energy islands? Why not just build a lot of normal offshore wind farms? We need 30 times more offshore wind power in Europe in 2050 than we have today. We OTHER THINGS ON THE ISLAND? cannot achieve this without innovative new and Otions inlude energ storage cross-border solutions. ENERGY hydrogen storage ailities or batteries and some tes o data Climate action is good. But are energy islands entres whih an use huge amounts economically viable? o green eletriit but do not need I believe there will be huge benefits. From requent manual maintenane. exporting green power and technology – and the potential global spread of energy islands in the ISLANDS years ahead. MAINTENANCE HARBOUR Is it technically feasible to build energy islands? Shis sail out rom the island’s harbour arring Yes. At Energinet, we have been working since rews and equiment, to eret and maintain the 2017 with German and Dutch partners in North wind turbines. These shis are smaller and less Sea Wind Power Hub to document that hubs or eensie to oerate than the kind that would energy islands are possible and beneficial. otherwise hae to sail rom oastal orts. Hanne Storm Edlefsen FROM ALTERNATING TO HYDROGEN AND POWER-TO-X Vice President of Energinet DIRECT CURRENT In the slightl longer term we will use ower Conerters on the from the offshore wind to produce hydrogen and island will transorm green uels on the island. This is also known as alternating urrent Power-to-X. This is a smart initiatie as Euroe rom the wind turbines is the ontinent with b ar the greatest otential into diret urrent. The surplus of energy from offshore wind power in energ loss in a diret relation to urrent eletriit onsumtion. And urrent able is lower. many energy applications cannot be electrified It is thereore best to suh as roess energ or steel rodution or transmit eletriit uel or oean-going essels. oer long distanes as diret urrent. Power SEVERAL COUNTRIES is tiall onerted TO BE CONNECTED bak to alternating Offshore wind power will be urrent onshore. distributed rom the energ islands to onsumtion entres dee in neighbouring ountries where it will be used as green ower and to rodue green uels or hea industr, lanes and shis. Denmark 1000 WIND TURBINES is urrentl oordinating ossible In the 2030s there ould be 1000 wind turbines in interonnetions ia the energ oeration around the energ islands suling islands with Belgium green ower and hydrogen to Denmark and other the Netherlands and ountries. The energ islands will kik-start a German. massive expansion of offshore wind power in Euroe in the oming ears with the North Sea and Balti Sea laing ke roles. OTHER THINGS ON THE ISLAND? Otions inlude energ storage hydrogen storage ailities or batteries and some tes o data entres whih an use huge amounts o green eletriit but do not need ISLANDS requent manual maintenane. MAINTENANCE HARBOUR Shis sail out rom the island’s harbour arring rews and equiment, to eret and maintain the wind turbines. These shis are smaller and less eensie to oerate than the kind that would otherwise hae to sail rom oastal orts. FROM ALTERNATING TO HYDROGEN AND POWER-TO-X DIRECT CURRENT In the slightl longer term we will use ower Conerters on the from the offshore wind to produce hydrogen and island will transorm green uels on the island. This is also known as alternating urrent Power-to-X. This is a smart initiatie as Euroe rom the wind turbines is the ontinent with b ar the greatest otential into diret urrent. The surplus of energy from offshore wind power in energ loss in a diret relation to urrent eletriit onsumtion. And urrent able is lower. many energy applications cannot be electrified It is thereore best to suh as roess energ or steel rodution or transmit eletriit uel or oean-going essels. oer long distanes as diret urrent. Power SEVERAL COUNTRIES is tiall onerted TO BE CONNECTED bak to alternating Offshore wind power will be urrent onshore. distributed rom the energ islands to onsumtion entres dee in neighbouring ountries where it will be used as green ower and to rodue green uels or hea industr, lanes and shis. Denmark 1000 WIND TURBINES is urrentl oordinating ossible In the 2030s there ould be 1000 wind turbines in interonnetions ia the energ oeration around the energ islands suling islands with Belgium In February 2021, a broad majority in the Danish Folketing decided green ower and hydrogen to Denmark and other the Netherlands and that two energy islands are to be established in Denmark. One will be ountries. The energ islands will kik-start a German. an artificial island in the North Sea, the other will be on Bornholm, as massive expansion of offshore wind power in a natural centre in the Baltic Sea. Read more about Energinet’s role Euroe in the oming ears with the North Sea at www.en.energinet.dk/energyislands. Read more about the concept of and Balti Sea laing ke roles. energy islands at www.northseawindpowerhub.eu 8 Annual Magazine 2021 IRENA’S INNOVATION number of locations worldwide where the sea is so shallow. There is considerable wind potential around DIRECTOR DISCUSSES Japan, but floating offshore wind turbines will be needed in order to exploit this, as the sea is deep. I ENERGY ISLANDS do not know if it is possible to build floating islands. However, the water along the Chinese coast is not Dolf Gielen is Director of the IRENA Innova- so deep, so perhaps there are locations here where tion and Technology Centre in Berlin. He is hubs can be used. In USA, the western and eastern responsible for IRENA’s work in advising coastal seabeds are both very steep – but there may be potential for energy islands in the Gulf of Mexico. Member States on technology, energy There may be no need to develop offshore wind planning, costs, markets and innovation power there, however, because USA also has very policy frameworks. extensive land-based wind potential. So my expecta- tion is that Europe, for some time at least, will be the In their World Energy Transitions Outlook 2021, IRENA place where energy islands and hubs are developed.” predicts there will be 2,000 GW of offshore wind power globally in 2050, compared to approx. 30 GW in operation today. We asked Dolf Gielen to give us his ABOUT IRENA thoughts on the potential impact of energy islands IRENA, the International Renewable Energy Agency, on the massive rise in offshore wind capacity in the supports countries in their transition towards a coming years. future with sustainable energy. It is a platform for international collaboration, and provides knowled- What do you think of the idea of building energy ge and analyses in relation to policy, technology islands? and financing renewable energy. “What is happening in Denmark right now is very in- novative. Several countries in north-western Europe are looking at energy islands or hubs as a solution, and we need a cohesive system of hubs in the North Sea. IRENA is currently receiving a huge number of enquiries about green hydrogen from all over the world. So green hydrogen is also a clear trend, and it is broadly accepted that offshore wind power will play a key role in relation to this.