Nymphaea ‘Siam Blue Hardy’
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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting -
WETLAND PLANTS – Full Species List (English) RECORDING FORM
WETLAND PLANTS – full species list (English) RECORDING FORM Surveyor Name(s) Pond name Date e.g. John Smith (if known) Square: 4 fig grid reference Pond: 8 fig grid ref e.g. SP1243 (see your map) e.g. SP 1235 4325 (see your map) METHOD: wetland plants (full species list) survey Survey a single Focal Pond in each 1km square Aim: To assess pond quality and conservation value using plants, by recording all wetland plant species present within the pond’s outer boundary. How: Identify the outer boundary of the pond. This is the ‘line’ marking the pond’s highest yearly water levels (usually in early spring). It will probably not be the current water level of the pond, but should be evident from the extent of wetland vegetation (for example a ring of rushes growing at the pond’s outer edge), or other clues such as water-line marks on tree trunks or stones. Within the outer boundary, search all the dry and shallow areas of the pond that are accessible. Survey deeper areas with a net or grapnel hook. Record wetland plants found by crossing through the names on this sheet. You don’t need to record terrestrial species. For each species record its approximate abundance as a percentage of the pond’s surface area. Where few plants are present, record as ‘<1%’. If you are not completely confident in your species identification put’?’ by the species name. If you are really unsure put ‘??’. After your survey please enter the results online: www.freshwaterhabitats.org.uk/projects/waternet/ Aquatic plants (submerged-leaved species) Stonewort, Bristly (Chara hispida) Bistort, Amphibious (Persicaria amphibia) Arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) Stonewort, Clustered (Tolypella glomerata) Crystalwort, Channelled (Riccia canaliculata) Arrowhead, Canadian (Sagittaria rigida) Stonewort, Common (Chara vulgaris) Crystalwort, Lizard (Riccia bifurca) Arrowhead, Narrow-leaved (Sagittaria subulata) Stonewort, Convergent (Chara connivens) Duckweed , non-native sp. -
Floristic Quality Assessment Report
FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al. -
Connaissance De La Flore Rare Ou Menacée De Franche-Comté
Connaissance de la fl ore rare ou menacée de Franche-Comté C Lysimachia thyrsifl ora L. B F C ���������������������� ASSOCIATION LOI 1901 �� PORTE RIVOTTE ������������� 25000 BESANÇON ��� ������� � � � TEL/FAX : 03 81 83 03 58 � ������ �� ������� � ��� ����� E-MAIL : [email protected] Octobre 2004 Conservatoire Botanique de Franche-Comté NAUCHE G. et GUYONNEAU J., 2004. Connaissance de la fl ore rare ou menacée de Franche-Comté,Lysimachia thyrsifl ora L.. Conservatoire Botanique de Franche-Comté, 15 p. Cliché de couverture : Lysimachia thyrsifl ora L., FRANÇOIS DEHONDT, 2004 Connaissance de la fl ore rare ou menacée de Franche-Comté,Lysimachia thyrsifl ora CONSERVATOIRE BOTANIQUE DE FRANCHE-COMTÉ Connaissance de la fl ore rare ou menacée de Franche-Comté Lysimachia thyrsifl ora L. Octobre 2004 Etude réalisée par le Conservatoire Inventaires de terrain : GAËLLE NAUCHE, Botanique de Franche-Comté, Analyse des données : GAËLLE NAUCHE, JULIEN pour le compte de la Direction Régionale de GUYONNEAU, l’Environnement de Franche-Comté et du Conseil Régional de Franche-Comté. Rédaction et mise en page : GAËLLE NAUCHE, JULIEN GUYONNEAU, Relecture : FRANÇOIS DEHONDT, YORICK FERREZ, PASCALE NUSSBAUM. Remerciements : JEAN-CLAUDE VADAM. Connaissance de la fl ore rare ou menacée de Franche-Comté,Lysimachia thyrsifl ora Sommaire 1 - Données générales sur l’espèce 3 1.1 - Nomenclature 3 1.2 - Traits distinctifs 3 1.3 - Biologie et particularité du taxon 3 1.4 - Répartition générale et menaces 4 1.5 - Statut de protection et de menace 4 2 - Statut du taxon -
Was Ist Das Natürliche System? Überlegungen Zum Begriff Des Biologischen Systems Im * Zeitalter Der Molekularphylogenetik ) 1
© Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich, Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich 148/149, 2012, 323–362 Was ist das natürliche System? Überlegungen zum Begriff des biologischen Systems im * Zeitalter der Molekularphylogenetik ) 1 Manfred A. FISCHER Dank den molekulargenetischen Methoden, die seit den 90er-Jahren des vorigen Jahr- hunderts auch für Fragestellungen der Biosystematik verwendet werden, ist stärkere Bewegung in die Diskussion der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse zwischen den Pflanzen- sippen, der Phylogenie und der Evolutionsprozesse einerseits und deren Abbildung im „natürlichen“ System, damit in der Taxonomie, andererseits gekommen. Von einem kurzen Rückblick auf die Geschichte der Pflanzensystematik ausgehend, werden in diesem Beitrag heute aktuelle Prinzipienfragen der Biosystematik anhand botanischer Beispiele behandelt. Die Diskrepanz zwischen einem phänetischen und einem phylo- genetischen System ist schon seit langem evident, und das Bestreben der Biosystematik war es schon immer, von einem auf bloßen Ähnlichkeiten basierenden, phänetischen System, das als nicht natürlich angesehen wird, zu einem phylogenetischen zu gelan- gen, das vielfach als das natürliche System gilt. Nun betrachtet die Kladistik ihr Sys- tem als das phylogenetische. Der traditionellen Systematik verpflichtete Skeptiker der Kladistik stoßen sich jedoch daran, dass dieses kladistisch-phylogenetische System keine paraphyletischen Taxa zulässt und auf diese Weise der Evolution, d. h. dem Ent- stehen innovativer Sippen nicht gerecht wird. Diese Diskrepanz zwischen einem streng phylogenetischen, nämlich kladistischen System einerseits und einem stärker phäne- tisch und zugleich traditionell orientierten, evolutionären System andererseits wird da- mit immer offenkundiger, deren Bewältigung in der Biosystematik immer drängender. Evolution ist im Wesentlichen nicht (nur) Deszendenz, sondern vor allem Entstehung neuer Merkmale (Eigenschaften). Patrokladistische Systematik kombiniert die beiden Aspekte. -
Conservation Assessment for White Adder's Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda)
Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald Photo: Kenneth J. Sytsma USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region April 2003 Jan Schultz 2727 N Lincoln Road Escanaba, MI 49829 906-786-4062 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald. This is an administrative study only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation for this document and subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact: Eastern Region, USDA Forest Service, Threatened and Endangered Species Program, 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................3 -
Risk Assessment for Invasiveness Differs for Aquatic and Terrestrial Plant Species
Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-011-0002-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Risk assessment for invasiveness differs for aquatic and terrestrial plant species Doria R. Gordon • Crysta A. Gantz Received: 10 November 2010 / Accepted: 16 April 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Predictive tools for preventing introduc- non-invaders and invaders would require an increase tion of new species with high probability of becoming in the threshold score from the standard of 6 for this invasive in the U.S. must effectively distinguish non- system to 19. That higher threshold resulted in invasive from invasive species. The Australian Weed accurate identification of 89% of the non-invaders Risk Assessment system (WRA) has been demon- and over 75% of the major invaders. Either further strated to meet this requirement for terrestrial vascu- testing for definition of the optimal threshold or a lar plants. However, this system weights aquatic separate screening system will be necessary for plants heavily toward the conclusion of invasiveness. accurately predicting which freshwater aquatic plants We evaluated the accuracy of the WRA for 149 non- are high risks for becoming invasive. native aquatic species in the U.S., of which 33 are major invaders, 32 are minor invaders and 84 are Keywords Aquatic plants Á Australian Weed Risk non-invaders. The WRA predicted that all of the Assessment Á Invasive Á Prevention major invaders would be invasive, but also predicted that 83% of the non-invaders would be invasive. Only 1% of the non-invaders were correctly identified and Introduction 16% needed further evaluation. The resulting overall accuracy was 33%, dominated by scores for invaders. -
Eleocharis Quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes Square-Stemmed Spike-Rush
New England Plant Conservation Program Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michaux) Roemer & Schultes Square-stemmed spike-rush Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Matthew G. Hickler Royalston, Massachusetts For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, 2003 1 SUMMARY Eleocharis quadrangulata (Micheaux) Roemer & Schultes (square-stemmed spike-rush) is a large, rhizomatous, perennial, aquatic graminoid of the Cyperaceae. It typically forms large stands in shallowly flooded habitats with plenty of sunlight, but is otherwise a habitat generalist, occurring in ponds, reservoirs, small pools, flooded sand-pits, fresh tidal marshes, brackish marshes, roadside ditches and abandoned rice fields. The species has a broad range east of the Mississippi River, having been documented from 31 states and the province of Ontario. Disjunct populations occur in California and Oregon. It generally becomes less common at higher latitudes and inland from the coastal plain, but even in the center of its range is often infrequent with a spotty or local distribution. Its global rank is G4. It is listed as S1 or S2 in nine states and the province of Ontario, SX or SH in two states, S3 in two states, and is demonstrably secure (S4 or S5) in only four states (several additional states where the species is probably secure have not ranked the species). It is regionally rare in New England (NEPCoP Division 2), and, apparently, has always been so. Massachusetts and Connecticut are the only New England states where Eleocharis quadrangulata has been documented. -
(Nymphaeaceae) Aquatic Botany
Aquatic Botany 91 (2009) 61–66 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquatic Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aquabot Xylem of early angiosperms: Novel microstructure in stem tracheids of Barclaya (Nymphaeaceae)§ Edward L. Schneider *, Sherwin Carlquist Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Pit membranes of stem tracheids of all recognized species of Barclaya, an Indomalaysian genus of Received 3 November 2008 Nymphaeaceae, were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pit membranes of the tracheids Received in revised form 18 February 2009 are composed of two thick layers, both constructed of fibrils much larger than those of tracheary Accepted 19 February 2009 elements of angiosperms other than Nymphaeaceae. The outer (distal) layer, which comprises the Available online 3 March 2009 continuous primary wall around the tracheids, is spongiform, perforated by porosities of relatively uniform size, and confined to or most prominent on end walls of stem tracheids. The second layer Keywords: consists of thick widely spaced fibrils that are oriented axially and are laid down proximally (facing the Microstructure cell lumen) to the first (outer) layer, although continuous with it. These axial fibrils are attached at their Nymphaeaceae Pit membrane ends to the pit cavities. This peculiar microstructure is not known outside Nymphaeaceae except in Tracheid Brasenia and Cabomba (Cabombaceae, Nymphaeales), and has not been previously described for Barclaya. Xylem The longitudinally oriented threads and strands in perforation plates of secondary xylem of wood and stems of a variety of primitive woody angiosperms (e.g., Illicium) are not homologous to the pit membrane structure observed in stem tracheids of Barclaya, which, like other Nymphaeaceae, has only primary xylem and no perforation plates. -
Pollen Ontogeny in Brasenia (Cabombaceae, Nymphaeales)1
American Journal of Botany 93(3), 344–356 2006. POLLEN ONTOGENY IN BRASENIA (CABOMBACEAE,NYMPHAEALES)1 MACKENZIE L. TAYLOR2,3 AND JEFFREY M. OSBORN2,4 2 Division of Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501-4221 USA Brasenia is a monotypic genus sporadically distributed throughout the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa. It is one of eight genera that comprise the two families of Nymphaeales, or water lilies: Cabombaceae (Brasenia, Cabomba) and Nymphaeaceae (Victoria, Euryale, Nymphaea, Ondinea, Barclaya, Nuphar). Evidence from a range of studies indicates that Nymphaeales are among the most primitive angiosperms. Despite their phylogenetic utility, pollen developmental characters are not well known in Brasenia. This paper is the first to describe the complete pollen developmental sequence in Brasenia schreberi. Anthers at the microspore mother cell, tetrad, free microspore, and mature pollen grain stages were studied using combined scanning electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy. Both tetragonal and decussate tetrads have been identified in Brasenia, indicating successive microsporogenesis. The exine is tectate-columellate. The tetrad stage proceeds rapidly, and the infratectal columellae are the first exine elements to form. Development of the tectum and the foot layer is initiated later during the tetrad stage, with the tectum forming discontinuously. The endexine lamellae form during the free microspore stage, and their development varies in the apertural and non-apertural regions of the pollen wall. Degradation of the secretory tapetum also occurs during the free microspore stage. Unlike other water lilies, Brasenia is wind-pollinated, and several pollen characters appear to be correlated with this pollination syndrome. The adaptive significance of these characters, in contrast to those of the fly-pollinated genus Cabomba, has been considered.