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Natalia López Orozco (Tesis).Pdf Información Importante La Universidad de La Sabana informa que el(los) autor(es) ha(n) autorizado a usuarios internos y externos de la institución a consultar el contenido de este documento a través del Catálogo en línea de la Biblioteca y el Repositorio Institucional en la página Web de la Biblioteca, así como en las redes de información del país y del exterior con las cuales tenga convenio la Universidad de La Sabana. Se permite la consulta a los usuarios interesados en el contenido de este documento para todos los usos que tengan finalidad académica, nunca para usos comerciales, siempre y cuando mediante la correspondiente cita bibliográfica se le de crédito al documento y a su autor. De conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982 y el artículo 11 de la Decisión Andina 351 de 1993, La Universidad de La Sabana informa que los derechos sobre los documentos son propiedad de los autores y tienen sobre su obra, entre otros, los derechos morales a que hacen referencia los mencionados artículos. BIBLIOTECA OCTAVIO ARIZMENDI POSADA UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SABANA Chía - Cundinamarca ! 1! TRABAJO DE GRADO LOS MEMES: EL JUEGO NARRATIVO DE LOS FANÁTICOS DE “GAME OF THRONES” EN LAS REDES SOCIALES Narrativa Transmedia NATALIA LÓPEZ OROZCO Director: Sergio Roncallo Universidad de La Sabana Facultad de Comunicación Comunicación Social y Periodismo 2014 ! 2! ÍNDICE Resumen…………………………………………………………………………………………5 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Introducción……………………………………………………………………………………..7 Planteamiento del problema……………………………………………………………………9 Objetivos………………………………………………………………………………………...10 Justificación……………………………………………………………………………………..11 Marco Teórico Transmedia Storytelling………………………………………………………………………….13 Los Siete Principios del Storytelling……………………………………………………………..15 Spreadable Media, Memes y Viralización de contenido………………………………………...17 Intercreatividad, Narrowcasting y Twitter……………………………………………………….20 Participación, hashtags, prosumidor, lurkers y audiencias………………………………………23 Metodología Tipo de investigación…………………………………………………………………………….34 Diseño de la investigación……………………………………………………………………….35 Definición de las variables……………………………………………………………………….35 Enfoque…………………………………………………………………………………………..36 Técnicas de análisis de datos…………………………………………………………………….36 Instrumentos de recolección de datos……………………………………………………………37 Contexto ¿Qué es Game of Thrones?............................................................................................................39 Ubicación en el universo de Game of Thrones…………………………………………………..41 Argumento de la historia de Game of Thrones…………………………………………………..43 Sucesos importantes de la Primera Temporada de Game of Thrones…………………………...44 Sucesos importantes de la Segunda Temporada de Game of Thrones…………………………..45 Sucesos importantes de la Tercera Temporada de Game of Thrones……………………………45 Sucesos en detalle de la Cuarta Temporada de Game of Thrones……………………………….46 Resultados Criterios de selección de memes…………………………………………………………………50 MEMES: Capítulo 6 “The Laws of Gods and Men”……………………………………………….50 Capítulo 7 “Mockingbird”……………………………………………………………….63 ! 3! Capítulo 8 “The Mountain and the Viper”……………………………………………….73 Capítulo 9 “The Watchers con the Wall”………………………………………………..82 Capítulo 10 “The Children”……………………………………………………………...90 Tendencias Globales y Estados Unidos en Twitter, 15 de junio………………………………..102 Análisis de Resultados Meme 1…………………………………………………………………………………………104 Meme 2…………………………………………………………………………………………108 Meme 3…………………………………………………………………………………………112 Meme 4…………………………………………………………………………………………116 Meme 5…………………………………………………………………………………………121 Meme 6…………………………………………………………………………………………125 Meme 7…………………………………………………………………………………………131 Meme 8…………………………………………………………………………………………135 Meme 9…………………………………………………………………………………………138 Meme 10………………………………………………………………………………………..142 Participación……………………………………………………………………………………145 Conclusiones…………………………………………………………………………………...152 Glosario………………………………………………………………………………………...158 Glosario de Game of Thrones………………………………………………………………...160 Referencias……………………………………………………………………………………..162 Anexos Personajes y Casas de Game of Thrones CasaTargaryen………………………………………………………………………….172 Daenerys Targaryen…………………………………………………………….174 Casa Lannister…………………………………………………………………………..176 Tywin Lannister………………………………………………………………...178 Jaime Lannister…………………………………………………………………181 Cersei Lannister………………………………………………………………...183 Tyrion Lannister………………………………………………………………...184 Casa Stark………………………………………………………………………………187 Sansa Stark……………………………………………………………………...189 Arya Stark……………………………………………………………………....191 Brandon Stark…………………………………………………………………..194 Jon Snow………………………………………………………………………..195 Casa Baratheon………………………………………………………………………....197 Stannis Baratheon………………………………………………………………199 Casa Martell…………………………………………………………………………….201 Oberyn Martell………………………………………………………………….203 ! 4! Casa Bolton……………………………………………………………………………..205 Roose Bolton……………………………………………………………………207 Ramsay Snow…………………………………………………………………...208 Casa Greyjoy……………………………………………………………………………209 Theon Greyjoy………………………………………………………………….211 Casa Arryn……………………………………………………………………………...213 Lysa Arryn……………………………………………………………………...215 The Night’s Watch……………………………………………………………………...217 Samwell Tarly…………………………………………………………………..220 Pueblo Libre…………………………………………………………………………….222 Mance Rayder…………………………………………………………………..223 Tormund Giantsbane…………………………………………………………....224 Ygritte…………………………………………………………………………..225 Otros Personajes………………………………………………………………………...227 Petyr Baelish……………………………………………………………………227 Jojen Reed………………………………………………………………………229 Shae……………………………………………………………………………..231 Varys……………………………………………………………………………232 Jorah Mormont………………………………………………………………….234 Brienne of Tarth………………………………………………………………...236 Sandor “The Hound” Clegane………………………………………………….238 Gregor “The Mountain” Clegane……………………………………………….240 Póster oficial de la cuarta temporada de Game of Thrones Mapas (Westeros, Essos, apellidos de bastardos) Árboles genealógicos Stark Arryn Targaryen Lannister Baratheon Árbol general Memes ! 5! Resumen Esta investigación busca comprobar que la publicación de contenidos creados por los fanáticos de Game of Thrones afirman la existencia de la narrativa transmedia, puesto que la divulgación de estos contenidos, que a su vez generan participación de los usuarios en la red, logra mantener la narrativa abierta por canales distintos a la emisión de la historia en la pantalla. En análisis busca, a su vez, comprobar que existe una relación directa entre la participación de los usuarios en las publicaciones y las variables que están inmersas en las creaciones. Los memes, siendo hoy en día uno de los métodos más comunes de difusión de información, son los contenidos elegidos para el estudio. Todo esto, con el fin último de concluir que la narrativa transmedia existe y es una realidad que también ha logrado cambiar la composición de las audiencias y la forma en que dichas audiencias consumen contenidos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Usuarios, fanáticos, creadores, lurker, tertuliano, viralización, meme, red social, Facebook, participación. ! 6! Abstract: This purpose of this investigation is to prove that transmedia storytelling is a fact, thanks to the contents created and published by Game of Thrones fans through the internet, because releasing those creations, which generate participation from other users, achieves the purpose of leaving storytelling open on different channels besides the original one were the series is issued. The analysis also hopes to prove that there is a straight and strong relation between the users participation in the published contents and the variables within the creations. The memes, which are one of the most common methods to share information, have been chosen for the study. All of this will lead to conclude that transmedia storytelling exists, that it is a reality now that has changed the way audiences are made and the way those audiences consume information and contents. KEY WORDS: Users, fans, creators, lurker, active participation, viralization, meme, social network, Facebook, participation. ! 7! Introducción En la actualidad, las redes sociales se han convertido en uno de los principales medios de difusión de información. Poco a poco, también se han convertido en uno de los escenarios más usados por las audiencias para compartir opiniones y buscar contenidos a fines a sus intereses para ahondar en sus conocimientos con respecto a los temas y para participar en las publicaciones. Al igual que las redes sociales, las series de televisión han ido adquiriendo fuerza con el paso del tiempo. La emisión del contenido por medio del formato seriado ha encajado bien en la sociedad contemporánea gracias a que fragmenta una historia en diferentes capítulos y motiva a los espectadores, tras la emisión de cada fragmento, a consumir el siguiente. La empresa Nielsen, ha publicado información que demuestra que los programas con mayor seguimiento y aceptación en las audiencias hoy en día, son las series de televisión y, en particular, la serie de HBO, Game of Thrones. Dicha serie, que cuenta hasta el momento con un total de cuatro temporadas, la última emitida entre abril y junio del 2014, ha superado los ratings reportados por la serie más vista de la cadena de HBO, The Sopranos. Se ha convertido, según afirman medios, como USA Today, esta serie, con ya cuatro temporadas, se ha convertido en la más vista en la historia de HBO con un número de espectadores que supera los 18 millones en el mundo. Esto significa que actualmente es una de las series de televisión
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