DOCSLIB.ORG

LH Moretsi Orcid.Org 0000-0002-3095-1777

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LH Moretsi Orcid.Org 0000-0002-3095-1777 Translation technique and the translation of verbal forms in the Masoretic Text by the Peshitta Psalms 73-89 LH Moretsi orcid.org 0000-0002-3095-1777 Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Semitic Languages at the North-West University Promoter: Prof HF Van Rooy Graduation ceremony: May 2019 Student number: 10706046 Acknowledgement/Dedication Glory to God Almighty in the Highest, who enabled me to embark on this research and blessed me with good health along this journey! All starts and ends with God – glory and honour be to Him at all times. To my wife Virginia, a special word of gratitude for your love, endurance, patience, support and encouragement throughout this study: ‘Kemo nokeng ya gago, bopelotelele, kutlwisiso, botswerere le bothakga di kgontshitse phitlhelelo eno.’ To our three daughters, Tsholofelo, Tshegofatso, Tebogo and son Oretlametse, thank you for your support, patience, encouragement and prayers. I cannot thank you enough as I mostly was not there for you fully, though always present in my mind. I thank God for you at all times and love you all so much. Mr RD and Mrs NJ Moretsi, Ms MFB Mmami Tselapedi and Mrs A Mogotsi, thank you so much, for you were there when we needed you. Thank you and stay blessed. To my promoter and mentor Prof Herrie Van Rooy, a renowned scholar in Peshitta research nationally and internationally, thank you for your fatherly advice and valuable inputs I received at all times, as well as your guidance in this investigative work. Thank you for your academic advice and excellence! Your interest in Semitic Languages and the Old Testament inspired me greatly. This study is the end product of your guidance, expert advice and critical remarks. Mrs Jacoba van Rooy, thank you for your hospitality at all times and for all your encouraging words. Thank you, Prof Herrie and Dr Jacoba for allowing me some of your valuable time in your retirement, especially the last two years up to now. To the librarians, Mrs Hester Lombard, Mrs. Berna Bradley and Mr Sydney Vos, thank you for all your help throughout this study. I could knock at your door at any time and you always made sure I found the materials I needed. Even when it was absent in our library (FP or TSP), you always went an extra mile. You searched for articles and books that helped me. Mrs Hester Lombard, thank you for editing the first four pages of the bibliography. Words are not sufficient to express my thankfulness. Colleagues at the Faculty, ministers in GKSA and friends, thank you all for your support and encouragements at all times. Prof Hans van Deventer, your contribution is highly appreciated. i Prof Fika van Rensburg, that call in November 2006 was the beginning of this. Thank you for the motivation I constantly received from you and all your valuable fatherly advice. May God bless you! Nonkosana and Mhlabeni family, thank you for being there for us, may you be blessed! To the Reformed Church Diepkloof, thank you for your prayers throughout this journey. To rev Thomas Dreyer, Dr Jacob Pretorius and GK Linden, thank you very much. To the curators (GKSA), thank you for affording me this opportunity and may God bless you as we continue serving in his kingdom as servants. Dr Chrissie Reinecke, thank you for your profound and outstanding editing work and all your valuable inputs and suggestions. May God Almighty bless you! Lastly to my mother, brothers, sister and your families, the Moretsi family at large and my mother- in-law, my two sisters-in-law and their families, thank you all for your valuable support and understanding throughout this journey: ‘Motswana fa a bua sentle a re "ga e nke e ntsha boloko !( שָׁ � ם) jotlhe" lotlhe lo lebogilwe’. Shalom Motswana fa a opela a ikutlwa sentle a re: Morena thuso tsa Gago Fa ke di gopola tsotlhe; O molemo, le tlotlego, O ntsamaisitse sentle. ESV: 13-14 12:13-14 (קהלת) Ecclesiastes/Qohelet .13The end of the matter; all has been heard (13) סוֹף דָּבָר הַכֹּל נִשְׁ מָ ע | אֶ ת הָאֱ�הִ ים יְרָ א Fear God and keep his commandments, (for וְאֶ ת מִצְ וֹתָ יו שְׁ מוֹר כִּ י זֶה כָּל הָאָדָ ם: this is) the whole (duty) of man. (14) כִּי אֶ ת כָּל מַ ﬠֲשֶׂ ה הָאֱ�הִ ים יָבִא בְמִשְׁ פָּט ,14For God will bring every deed into judgment ﬠַ ל כָּ ל נֶﬠְ לָ ם | אִ ם טוֹב וְאִ ם רָ ע: with every secret thing, whether good or evil. ii Summary The theoretical assumption was stated that the Masoretic Text and the Hebrew source (Vorlage) that was used by the Peshitta translator reflect a similar tradition. The objectives of the study were: (1) to make a comparative study to determine the agreements and differences between the verbal systems of Hebrew and Syriac; (2) to determine the translation technique of the Peshitta Psalms; (3) to make an analytical study to determine the way in which verbal forms in the Peshitta Psalms were translated; (4) to determine through comparison with the Septuagint and the Targum the originality of the translation of the Peshitta; and (5) to make deductions from the translation about the Hebrew Vorlage of the Peshitta Psalms. The comparative text-critical method was used as it is the most appropriate and relevant method. The verbal systems of Biblical Hebrew and classical Syriac were compared, with special attention to the verbs taking into account the contributions of various scholars. Attention was paid to translation technique in general and to matters related to the translation technique of the Peshitta Psalms. A comparative study was made of the verbs in Psalms 73-89 in the Masoretic Text and the Peshitta, with reference to the other ancient versions as well. In some instances, the differences in the translation can be ascribed to translation technique. Other differences are the result of different interpretations of the very same unvocalised Hebrew word but the same consonants. In some instances, the Peshitta reflects a Hebrew Vorlage that differs from the Vorlage of the Masoretic Text. The clarity of the translation has been confirmed by the psalms treated. When confronted by difficult, rare words or hapax legomena, the Peshitta opts to simplify or omit them or rather render the translation according to sense or context. During the investigation it became clear that the possibility of a different Hebrew Vorlage is minimal, for example in Psalms 73:24a and 78:28. Characterised by freedom of the translation means the Peshitta remained faithful to the meaning of the source text but expressed and rendered it faithfully to the Syriac structure. The following techniques characterise the Peshitta in general: specification, accommodation, omissions, additions, changes in word order and harmonisation (maintaining agreement). In the psalms treated, two new techniques were discovered, namely softening and generalisation. The Hebrew iii verb is softened when rendered by the Peshitta, for example, in Psalm 74:10, the Hebrew verb ‘to reject’ is rendered by the Syriac verb ‘to forget’ in the Peshitta. This is also seen in Psalm 78:10b, where the Hebrew verb in the Masoretic Text ‘they refuse to go’ is rendered in the Peshitta by ‘they did not want to go’. The other technique that occurred in psalms treated is generalisation going hand in hand with specification. At times, a general verb in the Masoretic Text is rendered in the Peshitta by a specific verb or vice versa, e.g. Psalms 78:43, 88:5a and 88:6b. In conclusion, the Peshitta Psalms used a proto-Masoretic text. The evidence for a different Hebrew Vorlage is minimal. Deviations are mostly the result of a different interpretation of the same Hebrew consonants, or not understanding the Hebrew, or can be attributed to translation technique. The Peshitta Psalms contribute to the textual criticism of the Hebrew Old Testament, but it requires careful and critical approach or implementation. Keywords Peshitta Psalms Translation technique Textual criticism Verbal forms Word order Variants Hebrew Vorlage Rare words hapax legomena iv Opsomming Die teoretiese aanname van hierdie studie is dat die Masoretiese Teks en die Hebreeuse bronteks (Vorlage) van die vertaler van die Peshitta uit dieselfde tradisie kom. Die doelstellings van die studie was: (1) om deur ʼn vergelykende studie die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die werkwoordsisteme van Hebreeus en Siries te omskryf; (2) om die vertaaltegniek van die Peshitta Psalms te bepaal; (3) om te bepaal hoe die Hebreeuse werkwoorde in die Siriese Psalms vertaal is; (4) om deur ʼn vergelyking met die Septuagint en die Targum te bepaal of die Peshitta ʼn oorspronklike vertaling is; en (5) om afleidings te maak oor die Hebreeuse Vorlage van die Peshitta Psalms. Die vergelykende tekskritiese metode is gebruik as die mees geskikte en relevante metode. Die werkwoordsisteme van Bybelse Hebreeuse en Klassieke Siries is met mekaar vergelyk, met aandag aan die bydraes van verskillende geleerdes in hierdie verband. Aandag is ook gegee aan vertaaltegniek in die algemeen en aan die vertaaltegniek van die Peshitta Psalms in die besonder. ʼn Vergelykende studie is gemaak van die werkwoorde in Psalms 73–89 in die Masoretiese Teks en die Peshitta, met verwysing na die ander ou vertalings. In sommige gevalle kan die verskille in die vertaling aan vertaaltegniek toegeskryf word. Ander verskille kan aan verskillende interpretasies van dieselfde ongevokaliseerde Hebreeuse woord met dieselfde konsonante toegeskryf word. In enkele gevalle berus die Peshitta op ʼn Hebreeuse Vorlage wat verskil van die Vorlage van die Masoretiese teks. Die duidelikheid van die Peshitta as vertaling is bevestig deur die psalms wat bestudeer is.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notes on Psalms 2015 Edition Dr
    Notes on Psalms 2015 Edition Dr. Thomas L. Constable Introduction TITLE The title of this book in the Hebrew Bible is Tehillim, which means "praise songs." The title adopted by the Septuagint translators for their Greek version was Psalmoi meaning "songs to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument." This Greek word translates the Hebrew word mizmor that occurs in the titles of 57 of the psalms. In time the Greek word psalmoi came to mean "songs of praise" without reference to stringed accompaniment. The English translators transliterated the Greek title resulting in the title "Psalms" in English Bibles. WRITERS The texts of the individual psalms do not usually indicate who wrote them. Psalm 72:20 seems to be an exception, but this verse was probably an early editorial addition, referring to the preceding collection of Davidic psalms, of which Psalm 72 was the last.1 However, some of the titles of the individual psalms do contain information about the writers. The titles occur in English versions after the heading (e.g., "Psalm 1") and before the first verse. They were usually the first verse in the Hebrew Bible. Consequently the numbering of the verses in the Hebrew and English Bibles is often different, the first verse in the Septuagint and English texts usually being the second verse in the Hebrew text, when the psalm has a title. ". there is considerable circumstantial evidence that the psalm titles were later additions."2 However, one should not understand this statement to mean that they are not inspired. As with some of the added and updated material in the historical books, the Holy Spirit evidently led editors to add material that the original writer did not include.
    [Show full text]
  • Psalms Psalm
    Cultivate - PSALMS PSALM 126: We now come to the seventh of the "Songs of Ascent," a lovely group of Psalms that God's people would sing and pray together as they journeyed up to Jerusalem. Here in this Psalm they are praying for the day when the Lord would "restore the fortunes" of God's people (vs.1,4). 126 is a prayer for spiritual revival and reawakening. The first half is all happiness and joy, remembering how God answered this prayer once. But now that's just a memory... like a dream. They need to be renewed again. So they call out to God once more: transform, restore, deliver us again. Don't you think this is a prayer that God's people could stand to sing and pray today? Pray it this week. We'll pray it together on Sunday. God is here inviting such prayer; he's even putting the very words in our mouths. PSALM 127: This is now the eighth of the "Songs of Ascent," which God's people would sing on their procession up to the temple. We've seen that Zion / Jerusalem / The House of the Lord are all common themes in these Psalms. But the "house" that Psalm 127 refers to (in v.1) is that of a dwelling for a family. 127 speaks plainly and clearly to our anxiety-ridden thirst for success. How can anything be strong or successful or sufficient or secure... if it does not come from the Lord? Without the blessing of the Lord, our lives will come to nothing.
    [Show full text]
  • Psalm 113-114 Psalms Praising God for His Deliverance Psalms 113-118
    Finding Yourself in the Psalms Psalm 113-114 Psalms Praising God for His Deliverance Psalms 113-118 - The HALLEL. Recited during PASSOVER, TABERNACLES, PENTECOST 113-114 Sung at the Passover Meal, after the 2nd CUP 113 - 3 Stanzas, 3 verses each. - Trinity - Praise and Deliverance 114 - Deliverance from Egypt I. Praise Him EVERYWHERE. 113:1-3 II. Praise Him EVERYONE. 113:4-6 III. The Deliverer of the NEEDY. 113:7-9 A. 113:7. “Dust” (Psalm 103:14) "for he knows how we are formed, he remembers that we are dust." B. “When you’re as low as you can get, God is there waiting to deliver you.” C. (Psalm 40:1-3) "I waited patiently for the Lord; he turned to me and heard my cry. He lifted me out of the slimy pit, out of the mud and mire; he set my feet on a rock and gave me a firm place to stand. He put a new song in my mouth, a hymn of praise to our God. Many will see and fear and put their trust in the Lord." D. The Songs of HANNAH and MARY. 113:9 1. (1 Samuel 2:8) "He raises the poor from the dust and lifts the needy from the ash heap; he seats them with princes and has them inherit a throne of honor. “For the foundations of the earth are the Lord’s; upon them he has set the world." 2. (Luke 1:52) "He has brought down rulers from their thrones but has lifted up the humble." 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Psalm 75 — God Will Judge
    Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs: The Master Musician’s Melodies Bereans Sunday School Placerita Baptist Church 2006 by William D. Barrick, Th.D. Professor of OT, The Master’s Seminary Psalm 75 — God Will Judge 1.0 Introducing Psalm 75 y Psalms 50 and 73–83 attribute their composition to Asaph. 9 There could be more than one Asaph. 9 “Asaph” might sometimes refer to a descendant of Asaph (cp. 2 Chron 35:15). y Psalm 75 shares themes and phraseology with “Hannah’s Song” (1 Samuel 2:1-10) and Mary’s “Magnificat” (Luke 1:46-55). y Placement of Psalm 75 following 74 highlights common emphases: 9 The psalmist prays for God to act (74:22-23) and He does (75:7, 10). 9 God is King (74:12) and God is Judge (75:2, 7). 9 Question of “How long?” (74:10) will be answered at “an appointed time” (75:2). 9 Both “meeting places” (74:8) and “appointed time” (75:2) translate the same Hebrew word (74:8 is the plural). 9 “Your name” occurs in both psalms (74:7, 10, 18, 21; 75:1). 2.0 Reading Psalm 75 (NAU) 75:1 A Psalm of Asaph, a Song. We give thanks to You, O God, we give thanks, For Your name is near; Men declare Your wondrous works. 75:2 “When I select an appointed time, It is I who judge with equity. 75:3 “The earth and all who dwell in it melt; It is I who have firmly set its pillars. Selah. Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs 2 Barrick, Placerita Baptist Church 2006 75:4 “I said to the boastful, ‘Do not boast,’ And to the wicked, ‘Do not lift up the horn; 75:5 “‘Do not lift up your horn on high, Do not speak with insolent pride.’” 75:6 For not from the east, nor from the west, Nor from the desert comes exaltation; 75:7 But God is the Judge; He puts down one and exalts another.
    [Show full text]
  • Psalms & Proverbs 31 Day Reading Plan
    Psalms & Proverbs 31 Day Reading Plan This plan is designed to increase your worship and wisdom. You will read through the books of Psalms and Proverbs in one month. Each day you will read five Psalms and one Proverb coordinating with the date of the month. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Psalm 1 Psalm 2 Psalm 3 Psalm 4 Psalm 5 Psalm 6 Psalm 7 Psalm 31 Psalm 32 Psalm 33 Psalm 34 Psalm 35 Psalm 36 Psalm 37 Psalm 61 Psalm 62 Psalm 63 Psalm 64 Psalm 65 Psalm 66 Psalm 67 Psalm 91 Psalm 92 Psalm 93 Psalm 94 Psalm 95 Psalm 96 Psalm 97 Psalm 121 Psalm 122 Psalm 123 Psalm 124 Psalm 125 Psalm 126 Psalm 127 Proverbs 1 Proverbs 2 Proverbs 3 Proverbs 4 Proverbs 5 Proverbs 6 Proverbs 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Psalm 8 Psalm 9 Psalm 10 Psalm 11 Psalm 12 Psalm 13 Psalm 14 Psalm 38 Psalm 39 Psalm 40 Psalm 41 Psalm 42 Psalm 43 Psalm 44 Psalm 68 Psalm 69 Psalm 70 Psalm 71 Psalm 72 Psalm 73 Psalm 74 Psalm 98 Psalm 99 Psalm 100 Psalm 101 Psalm 102 Psalm 103 Psalm 104 Psalm 128 Psalm 129 Psalm 130 Psalm 131 Psalm 132 Psalm 133 Psalm 134 Proverbs 8 Proverbs 9 Proverbs 10 Proverbs 11 Proverbs 12 Proverbs 13 Proverbs 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Psalm 15 Psalm 16 Psalm 17 Psalm 18 Psalm 19 Psalm 20 Psalm 21 Psalm 45 Psalm 46 Psalm 47 Psalm 48 Psalm 49 Psalm 50 Psalm 51 Psalm 75 Psalm 76 Psalm 77 Psalm 78 Psalm 79 Psalm 80 Psalm 81 Psalm 105 Psalm 106 Psalm 107 Psalm 108 Psalm 109 Psalm 110 Psalm 111 Psalm 135 Psalm 136 Psalm 137 Psalm 138 Psalm 139 Psalm 140 Psalm 141 Proverbs 15 Proverbs 16 Proverbs 17 Proverbs 18 Proverbs 19 Proverbs 20 Proverbs 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Psalm 22 Psalm 23 Psalm 24 Psalm 25 Psalm 26 Psalm 27 Psalm 28 Psalm 52 Psalm 53 Psalm 54 Psalm 55 Psalm 56 Psalm 57 Psalm 58 Psalm 82 Psalm 83 Psalm 84 Psalm 85 Psalm 86 Psalm 87 Psalm 88 Psalm 112 Psalm 113 Psalm 114 Psalm 115 Psalm 116 Psalm 117 Psalm 118 Psalm 142 Psalm 143 Psalm 144 Psalm 145 Psalm 146 Psalm 147 Psalm 148 Proverbs 22 Proverbs 23 Proverbs 24 Proverbs 25 Proverbs 26 Proverbs 27 Proverbs 28 29 30 31 Psalm 29 Psalm 30 Psalm 59 Psalm 60 Psalm 89 Psalm 90 Psalm 119 Psalm 120 Psalm 149 Psalm 150 Proverbs 29 Proverbs 30 Proverbs 31.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorial: “Be Exalted, O God, Above the Heavens!” (Psalm 108:6) - Studies in the Book of Psalms and Its Reception Presented to Phil J
    288 Prinsloo and Weber, “Editorial,” OTE 32/2 (2019): 288-301 Editorial: “Be exalted, o God, above the Heavens!” (Psalm 108:6) - Studies in the Book of Psalms and its reception Presented to Phil J. Botha on his 65th birthday GERT T. M. PRINSLOO AND BEAT WEBER (UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA) Philippus (Phil) Jacobus Botha Prinsloo and Weber, “Editorial,” OTE 32/2 (2019): 288-301 289 A new psalm had to be composed for new circumstances. It made use of a well-known oracle of God, but in a new political, social, religious, and/or historical context, that oracle had a new message. In a context of praise, it opened a perspective to the future. It emphasized in a new way that God had to bring about the new dispensation, and that he would. They gave the faithful a new historical and cosmological perspective.1 This issue of Old Testament Essays is dedicated to Philippus (Phil) Jacobus Botha on the occasion of his 65th birthday and subsequent retirement from the Department of Ancient and Modern Languages and Cultures at the University of Pretoria. In a publication on Psalm 108 referred to above, Phil Botha defined the poem – a composition based upon Pss 57:8-12 and 60:7-14 – as a new psalm that “had to be composed for new circumstances”. It is a great honour for everyone involved in this project to dedicate this issue to our esteemed colleague and friend as he reaches the stage in his life cycle where he inevitably enters new circumstances. It is our sincere wish that the diverse and wide-ranging contributions in this volume will aid him in the process of composing a new life- psalm based upon the many enriching moments he experienced and the many inspirational contributions he made during his long and fruitful academic career.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Psalms
    Outline of Psalms We hope this overview and outline of Psalms will assist you as you study God’s Word. General Background: The Book of Psalms is a book to be sung. It is Israel’s and the Church’s songbook. We have seven named authors. David wrote 77 of the Psalms (2 [Acts 4:25], 3-9, 11-32, 34-41, 51-65, 68-70, 86, 95 [Hebrews 4:7], 96 [1 Chronicles 16:23-33], 101, 103, 105:1-15 [1 Chronicles 16:7-22], 108-110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138-145); Asaph wrote 12 (50, 73-83); the sons of Korah wrote nine (42, 44-45, 47-49, 84-84, 87); Solomon wrote two (72, 127); Moses wrote one (90); Heman wrote one (88); and Ethan wrote one (89). We do not know the authors of the other 47 Psalms. The Psalms span from Moses in the late fifteenth century B.C. until the late sixth century B.C. (126, 137), covering the entire national period of Israel in the Old Testament. The Book of Psalms is about God. God is mentioned by name in the Psalms 1,220 times, and appears in each Psalm. “Yahweh” (LORD) is found in 132 of the Psalms and “Elohim” (God) is found in 109. Psalm 68 contains the name of God 42 times; Psalm 133 only once. Yet, merely counting the mentions of His name does not tell the full story. Pronouns referencing Him abound throughout the Psalms. For instance, in Psalm 119, the name of God is found 24 times, but a personal pronoun referring to God is found 347 times.
    [Show full text]
  • Titles of Psalms 6,12
    British Bible School – Online Classes: 14th September 2020 – 30th November 2020 THE PSALMS THE TITLES OF THE PSALMS 1. The superscriptions or titles found to many of the Psalms (116 have titles) are not thought to be part of the original text but do reflect an ancient and reliable description of the setting or occasion of writing. The Hebrew texts include them as part of the text of the Psalm. Some English versions, such as the New English Bible and the Good News Bible do not include them at all. Some of the terms used in some of the titles are obscure and their meaning cannot be ascertained for certain. Often the translators have simply transliterated the Hebrew word into English rather than try to offer an English equivalent. These titles reflect: i) The style or character of the Psalm. ii) The musical setting. iii) The occasion for use. iv) Authorship. v) The occasion of writing. 2. Titles that reflect the style or character of the Psalm i) MIZMOR – Translated as “Psalm” – occurs in 57 titles, e.g. Psalm 98. It is often followed by the name of the author, e.g. Psalm 101. It means ‘a song with instrumental accompaniment.’ ii) SHIR – Translated as “Song” – occurs in 30 titles, e.g. Psalm 108. It is a general term for a song. iii) MASKIL – occurs in 13 titles, e.g. Psalm 32; 42. The meaning of the term is uncertain. It may mean a teaching psalm or a meditation, or a psalm of understanding. iv) MIKHTAM – occurs in 6 titles, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Biblical Poetry the Collected Notes of C.A
    Studies in Biblical Poetry The Collected Notes of C.A. LaRue 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION SECTION ONE: PSALMS SECTION TWO: LAMENTATIONS SECTION THREE: SONG OF SONGS SECTION FOUR: JOB SECTION FIVE: PROVERBS SECTION SIX: ECCLESIATES SECTION SEVEN: THE PROPHETS AND OTHER WRITINGS SECTION EIGHT: THE NEW TESTAMENT 2 INTRODUCTION: *from myjewishlearning.com The Poetic Writings Approximately one-third of the Old testament is written in poetry. The three main divisions-- the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings - contain poetry in successively greater amounts. Only seven Old Testament books - Leviticus, Ruth, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Haggai, and Malachi - appear to have no poetic lines. Several books in the OT are written either totally (Psalms, Lamentations and Song of Songs) or predominantly in poetry (Job, Proverbs and Ecclesiastes). Moreover, many parts of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and the Minor Prophets also contain poetic writings. While each of these Old Testament books has its own unique tone and style, in general, the poetry they contain can be grouped into 5 basic types: Worship: •Hymns praising God. (Psalm 8) •Psalms of thanksgiving for deliverance. (Psalms 30,124) •Psalms of supplication, voicing complaints and requests. (Psalms 44,64) Teaching: •Proverbs (Ecclesiastes10:18), •Riddles (Proverbs 30:4), •Wise advice (Proverbs 4), •Narrative poems about traditions (Psalms 78, 132), •Narrative poems with a moral (Proverbs 7), •Hymns praising wisdom (Job 28), •Wisdom on the futility and fragility of human life (Ecclesiastes 1:4-9). Prophecy: •Prophecies of reproof and warning (Isaiah 34), •Prophecies of consolation (Isaiah 35). Weddings: •Processionals (Song 3:9-11), 3 •Songs for the bride's preparation (Song 4:1-7), •Epithalamiums outside the wedding chamber (Psalm 127), •Dawn songs greeting newlyweds after the wedding night (Song 6:9-10), •Blessings (Psalm 128).
    [Show full text]
  • Psalms 202 1 Edition Dr
    Notes on Psalms 202 1 Edition Dr. Thomas L. Constable TITLE The title of this book in the Hebrew Bible is Tehillim, which means "praise songs." The title adopted by the Septuagint translators for their Greek version was Psalmoi meaning "songs to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument." This Greek word translates the Hebrew word mizmor that occurs in the titles of 57 of the psalms. In time, the Greek word psalmoi came to mean "songs of praise" without reference to stringed accompaniment. The English translators transliterated the Greek title, resulting in the title "Psalms" in English Bibles. WRITERS The texts of the individual psalms do not usually indicate who wrote them. Psalm 72:20 seems to be an exception, but this verse was probably an early editorial addition, referring to the preceding collection of Davidic psalms, of which Psalm 72, or 71, was the last.1 However, some of the titles of the individual psalms do contain information about the writers. The titles occur in English versions after the heading (e.g., "Psalm 1") and before the first verse. They were usually the first verse in the Hebrew Bible. Consequently, the numbering of the verses in the Hebrew and English Bibles is often different, the first verse in the Septuagint and English texts usually being the second verse in the Hebrew text, when the psalm has a title. 1See Gleason L. Archer Jr., A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, p. 439. Copyright Ó 2021 by Thomas L. Constable www.soniclight.com 2 Dr. Constable's Notes on Psalms 2021 Edition "… there is considerable circumstantial evidence that the psalm titles were later additions."1 However, one should not understand this statement to mean that they are not inspired.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book of Jonah
    The Book of Jonah Dr. Tim Mackie Contents Unit 1: Our Assumptions About the Story of Jonah 4 Session 1: Relearning the Story of Jonah 4 Session 2: How to Read a Text Like the Hebrew Bible 5 Session 3: Old Testament 101 According to Jesus (Q&R) 6 Session 4: The Main Message of the Hebrew Scriptures 7 Session 5: How to Read the Bible (Q&R) 8 Unit 2: The Literary Context of Jonah 9 Session 6: Introduction to the TaNaK Order 9 Session 7: Reflection on Jonah and the TaNaK Order (Q&R) 11 Session 8: The “Seams” of the TaNaK 12 Session 9: The Biblical Pattern (Q&R) 13 Unit 3: Hyperlinks and Patterns Between Jonah and the Rest of Scripture 14 Session 10: Hyperlinks in the Text 14 Session 11: Nineveh (Q&R) 15 Session 12: Biblical Patterns the Author Assumes You Know 16 Session 13: God’s Character Summarized 17 Session 14: God’s Character (Q&R) 18 Unit 4: Links Between Literary Units 19 Session 15: Noticing Repeated Words 19 Session 16: How to Read an Ancient Text 24 Session 17: Repeated Words and Implications for Literary Design 28 Session 18: Hyperlinks in the Hebrew Bible 29 Session 19: Seeing the Hyperlinks (Q&R) 34 Session 20: Hyperlinks in Star Wars and in Jonah 36 Session 21: Characterization and Setting in Biblical Narrative 37 CLASSROOM NOTES: THE BOOK OF JONAH Unit 5: Jonah 1 38 Session 22: Why Does Jonah Flee to Tarshish? 38 Session 23: Identifying Repeated Words 46 Session 24: The Symmetry of the Ship Scene 47 Session 25: Jonah’s Motives (Q&R) 48 Session 26: Jonah’s Upside-Down Character 49 Session 27: Relationships Between Jonah and
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Overview of Readings
    Through the Scriptures: Year 2 Contents Overview of Readings ...................................................................................................................... 3 Week 53 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Week 54 ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Week 55 ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Week 56 ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Week 57 ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Week 58 ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Week 59 ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Week 60 ......................................................................................................................................... 21 Week 61 ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Week 62 ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]