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Aalborg Universitet Greening of the Maritime Industry Hermann, Roberto Rivas Aalborg Universitet Greening of the maritime industry Hermann, Roberto Rivas DOI (link to publication from Publisher): 10.5278/vbn.phd.engsci.00015 Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Hermann, R. R. (2015). Greening of the maritime industry: Delivering product and service eco-innovations. Aalborg Universitetsforlag. (Ph.d.-serien for Det Teknisk-Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet, Aalborg Universitet). DOI: 10.5278/vbn.phd.engsci.00015 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: April 30, 2017 GREENING OF THE MARITIME INDUSTRY GREENING OF THE MARITIME INDUSTRY DELIVERING PRODUCT AND SERVICE ECO-INNOVATIONS BY ROBERTO RIVAS HERMANN DISSERTATION SUBMITTED 2015 ROBERTO RIVAS HERMANN RIVAS ROBERTO GREENING OF THE MARITIME INDUSTRY Delivering product and service eco-innovations by Roberto Rivas Hermann Dissertation submitted Thesis submitted: June 30, 2015 PhD supervisor: Prof. Arne Remmen Aalborg University Assistant PhD supervisor: Associate Prof. Søren Kerndrup Aalborg University PhD committee: Prof. Annik Magerholm Fet Norwegian University of Science and Technology Prof. Tim C. Mcaloone Technical University of Denmark Prof. Martin Lehmann (Chairman) Aalborg University PhD Series: Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University ISSN (online): 2246-1248 ISBN (online): 978-87-7112-322-7 Published by: Aalborg University Press Skjernvej 4A, 2nd floor DK – 9220 Aalborg Ø Phone: +45 99407140 [email protected] forlag.aau.dk Cover photo: MARCOD © Copyright: Roberto Rivas Hermann Printed in Denmark by Rosendahls, 2015 CV Roberto Rivas Hermann (León, Nicaragua, 1982) graduated as an Environmental Quality Engineer at the University of Central America, Managua, in 2006. After a six-month professional experience in maritime pollution control at the environmen- tal consulting firm EPC S/A, Roberto started a career in academia. From 2007 until 2009 he worked at the Nitlapan Institute (University of Central America) as a re- searcher for an international project on local water resource governance funded by the Danish Research Council for Development Research, Ministry of Foreign Af- fairs. In 2009 he obtained an Erasmus-Mundus scholarship to pursue the Joint Eu- ropean Master in Environmental Studies at the Technical University Hamburg and Aalborg University. His MSc thesis inquired on eco-entrepreneurship with a focus in the maritime industry of Frederikshavn. In October 2011, Roberto started this Ph.D. project in collaboration with the Maritime Centre for Operations and Devel- opment (MARCOD). iii SUMMARY The maritime cluster in Region Northern Jutland faces the challenge of improving collaboration and competencies among suppliers in order to obtain the economic and societal benefits of accessing the emerging market of maritime eco-innovations. These challenges can be partly addressed if suppliers are part of a value network, which secures a loyal customer base. A key issue for exploration is how to create value in the development and commercialization of eco-innovations, while at the same time improving collaboration and competences among local suppliers. How- ever, the literature on this subject is dispersed and fails to tackle the links between eco-innovation and value creation. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explain the relationship between the processes of eco-innovation and value creation with a focus on the Danish maritime industry. The thesis addresses the main research question: How can maritime suppliers deliv- er product and service eco-innovations to the maritime industry? The thesis anal- yses four areas of interactions among suppliers and end-users through a multiple- case study design. The following paragraphs illustrate the scope of each of the re- search articles: The first article, “Drivers for Eco-innovation in the Shipping Industry: A Case Study of the North European Emissions Control Area” focuses on how regulations influences eco-innovation by interacting with other drivers (e.g. market, technology and business internal aspects) in the maritime industry. The second article, “Partnerships for Environmental Technology Development in the Shipping Industry: Two Danish Case Studies”, focuses on how partnerships create arenas for the co-creation of eco-innovations between maritime suppliers and other actors. The article presents two case studies on Danish partnerships for devel- oping cleaner technologies for the maritime industry; The Partnership for Cleaner Shipping and Green Ship of the Future. The analysis focuses on two issues. The first case study, looks at how two (initially separate partnerships) interact, in addi- tion, to the outcomes of this interaction in terms of eco-innovations and business relations. The second issue looks at what characterizes public-private partnerships for cleaner technology development in terms of the initiative of partners, participa- tion, the scope of the projects and the division of roles. The third article “Innovation in Product and Services in the Shipping Retrofit Indus- try: A Case Study of Ballast Water Treatment Systems” focuses on how business models support the development and implementation of eco-innovations through value propositions. The case study analyses the business models in the develop- ment, installation and operation of ballast water treatment systems from a perspec- v tive of Danish maritime service suppliers. Based on this analysis, the article focuses on the aspect of joint value creation by analysing how suppliers can propose inno- vative product and service offerings to the maritime industry, taking as example port-based ballast water treatment systems. The fourth article, “The Function of Intermediaries in Collaborative Innovation Processes: Retrofitting a Danish Small Island Ferry with Green Technology” focus- es on how intermediaries initiate and stimulate the development and implementa- tion of eco-innovations through facilitation and project management. The case is a study of the green retrofit on the Læsø ferry, which focuses on the roles of innova- tion intermediaries along the innovation process for collaborative demonstration projects. The overall finding is that Danish maritime suppliers can improve the deliveries of their environmental products and services to the maritime industry if they are able to create value nets between local suppliers and maritime actors. This can be seen as a process which starts by setting up eco-innovations projects and partnerships. These partnerships and activities create eco-innovations by combining knowledge business, technologies and regulations, .Demonstration projects, play an important role in competence building. They are characterized as “temporal structures” which focus on end-customer value and purposeful cooperation between suppliers to co- produce value propositions. A closer look at a demonstration project where a vessel was retrofitted with environmental technology shows that innovation intermediaries support the interactions between supply firms that previously had not been active suppliers in collaboration with other firms in the cluster. Furthermore, innovation intermediaries also facilitate the development of service packages for the green retrofit of vessels, which demands close communication and competence building in a narrower network of suppliers. The process of developing new markets and technologies requires a business model which provides a joint narrative and a vision to present a value-proposition integrating the actors in the supply network –as seen in the ballast water treatment systems case study. The process of transforming the relations of the suppliers into value networks also strengthens the competences and collaboration among actors in the cluster through: i) cluster initiatives as mecha- nism to initiate and develop environmental technologies ii) active participation of end-users and key suppliers in the cluster initiatives and iii) through the support and steering provided by innovation intermediary organizations. The first contribution of this thesis is to propose a conceptual framework to analyse and understand current research on value creation in supply networks through eco- innovation. The framework resulted from an interpretative process of reviewing literature and getting insights from the actors involved in the Danish maritime sup- ply networks. The use of the conceptual framework in the four case studies indi- cates that value creation is a way to motivate key stakeholders in the clusters to collaborate and increase their competences for the provision of environmental vi products and services. A second contribution of this research
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