Forktail 30 Short Notes.P65 135 11/26/2014, 11:51 AM 136 SHORT NOTES Forktail 30 (2014)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Forktail 30 Short Notes.P65 135 11/26/2014, 11:51 AM 136 SHORT NOTES Forktail 30 (2014) Forktail 30 (2014) SHORT NOTES 135 References Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G. W., eds. (1986) Checklist of the birds of the world, 11. Abdulali, H., & Unnithan S. (1986) Removal of the Northern Leaf Warbler, Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology. Phylloscopus trochilus acredula (Linnaeus) from the Indian avifauna. J. Rasmussen, P. C. & Anderton, J. C. (2005) Birds of South Asia: the Ripley guide. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83: 209. Washington DC & Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. Ali, S. (1954) The birds of Gujarat. Part I. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 374– Vaurie, C. (1959) The birds of the Palearctic fauna: order Passeriformes. 458. London: Witherby. Ali, S. & Ripley, S. D. (1983) Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan, 8. Whistler, H. & Kinnear, N. B. (1934) The Vernay scientific survey of the Eastern Bombay: Oxford University Press. Ghats. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 561–590. Clement, P. (2006) Species account: Willow Warbler. P.649 in J. del Hoyo, A. Zacharias, V. J., Oelke, H. & Bhardwaj, A. K. (1997) Occurrence of the Willow Elliott & D. A. Christie, eds. Handbook of the birds of the world, 11. Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus) in Thekkady, Kerala, S. India. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Indian Forester 123: 975. Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. & Inskipp, T. (1998) Birds of the Indian subcontinent. London: Christopher Helm. V. J. ZACHARIAS, Biology Division, Northern Virginia Community Jerdon, T. C. (1840) Catalogue of the birds of the peninsula of India, arranged College, Manassas, VA 20109, USA. Email: [email protected] according to the modern system of classification; with brief notes on their habits and geographical distribution, and description of new, Nathan H. RICE, Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural doubtful and imperfectly described species. Madras J. Literature and Sciences of Philadelphia, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Science XI (27): 207–39. Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA. Email: [email protected] Lophura ignita macartneyi revisited N. J. COLLAR & R. P. PRYS-JONES Introduction as a taxon—it was omitted entirely in Peters (1934)—has not been The Crested Fireback Lophura ignita is a Sundaic forest species with critically examined or challenged. populations in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. The usual The reasons for this can be traced to the comprehensive review taxonomic treatment in recent checklists (Dickinson 2003, Clements of macartneyi—building on the work of Büttikofer (1895)— 2007), monographs (Delacour 1951, 1977, Johnsgard 1999, provided by Delacour (1949). This study made some crucial McGowan 1994, Madge & McGowan 2002, Hennache & Ottaviani clarifications and advances in the taxonomy of Lophura ignita and 2005), regional avifaunas (van Marle & Voous 1988, Mann 2008) and L. rufa, covering the history of the ‘many names’ (macartneyi, the international Red List (BirdLife International 2001) has been to sumatrana, delacouri and albipennis) for Sumatran birds associated accept the existence of four subspecies: L. i. rufa (Raffles, 1822) in with these taxa and, through careful analysis of descriptions, the Thai-Malay Peninsula and most of Sumatra except the far south- pinning those names to particular museum specimens. In east; L. i. macartneyi (Temminck, 1813) in the far south-east of documenting eight male study skins at the Rijksmuseum van Sumatra; L. i. ignita (Shaw, 1798—for the date of which see Natuurlijke Historie (now Naturalis) at Leiden, Netherlands, Dickinson et al. 2006) on the Sumatran island of Bangka and in Delacour (1949) developed the view that the considerations of Borneo except the north; and L. i. nobilis (P. L. Sclater, 1863) in previous authors (Ghigi 1926, Kloss 1931, Beebe 1936) were ‘based northern Borneo. on the conception that ignita… and rufa are two different species’ Of these subspecies, nobilis is clearly only slightly different from and that ‘a more modern idea of systematics’ is rather that ‘the ignita, such that Mann (2008) was unable to provide an indication Crested Firebacks constitute but one species with four subspecies of where they replace each other, while macartneyi shows (ignita, nobilis, macartneyi, rufa), macartneyi serving as a link and a characters that suggest it to be ‘intermediate between ignita and transition’. He therefore preferred ‘to consider macartneyi as a rufa’ (Delacour 1951, 1977). However, such are the differences subspecies inhabiting the south-eastern part of [Sumatra], that is between ignita and rufa that it has been proposed they be variable in colour and still in the course of evolution’. reinstated (following, e.g., Kloss 1931, Peters 1934, Beebe 1936, In further pursuit of this interpretation, two years later Delacour Ghigi 1968) as separate species: male rufa, compared to (‘vs’) male (1951) accounted for the various names and appearances of birds ignita, has (1) dark blue belly (continuous with breast) with fine in south-east Sumatra by calling them ‘phases’ (the term ‘morph’ white flank-streaks vs a chestnut belly and flanks, (2) white vs buffy- was only coined four years later: Huxley 1955). The ‘phase to which rufous central tail feathers, and (3) red vs greenish-white legs (del the type [specimen 1 in Table 1] belongs’ (i.e. the form macartneyi) Hoyo & Collar 2014), plus (4) red-tinged blue vs all-blue lobes on has buff central rectrices and is either (a) like ignita (dark blue breast, the face-wattles fide Delacour (1949, 1951), although not evident rufous belly) but heavier in shape and with generally paler rufous in internet photographs; the female differs by its (5) rich rufous vs colours or (b) with breast and belly dark blue and flanks with rufous blackish wings and tail (del Hoyo & Collar 2014). patches. The phase delacouri ‘has plain rufous sides but the central This arrangement, however, hinges on a clearer understanding rectrices are mostly white’. The phase sumatrana has the belly dark of the status of macartneyi. An illustration (McGowan 1994) blue, rufous or mixed, flank feathers black-based and rufous-tipped, suggests that this is itself a highly distinctive taxon, although the the rufous varying in size and tone and with or without a black accompanying text reveals a far less clear-cut situation: ‘race border, and central rectrices white, sometimes washed buff usually macartneyi very variable, with several apparently co-existing colour near the base and with variable amounts of black. The phase morphs described, based mainly on amount of rufous on plumage’ albipennis replaces the rufous of the flank markings of blue-bellied (McGowan 1994). In spite of this and other passing comments in birds with white. Delacour (1951) judged that the first three phases the recent literature concerning the variability of macartneyi (e.g. co-occur, while the fourth is found close to the range of and is van Marle & Voous 1987, Hennache & Ottaviani 2005), its validity ‘intermediate’ with rufa. Forktail 30 short notes.p65 135 11/26/2014, 11:51 AM 136 SHORT NOTES Forktail 30 (2014) A still more modern idea of systematics would, surely, reject doubts on the matter. Alain Hennache (in litt. 2013) reports that the notion that a subspecies can be based on a population which among living captive specimens he ‘never saw one looking like the is so variable that it divides into four phases, two of which other’ and is convinced of their hybrid origin. Ludo Pinceel (in litt. themselves consist of seemingly almost infinite permutations. Every 2013) and Heiner Jacken (in litt. 2013) concur, the latter reporting living taxon is inevitably ‘in the course of evolution’, but the notion that ‘Today many breeders try to “stabilise” the macartneyi form by that evidence of this can be provided by such an array of plumage pairing continuously macartneyi to each other, thus creating a new variation is not normally one that finds any modern expression. “species” called “Delacour’s Fireback”.’ What, then, is Lophura ignita macartneyi? Ironically the problem of macartneyi may be resolved in a more direct manner. Temminck’s (1813) original description was based Methods and results on more than 20 specimens (‘plus de vingt individus’), at least one NJC examined 12 specimens of male birds catalogued as L. i. of which apparently survives (specimen 1 in Table 1), but these macartneyi at Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands (ten) and the Natural represented a variety of forms, crucially including Lophura ignita History Museum, Tring, UK (two). Clearly from the writings of Ghigi (1926) there are or were many more specimens in Italian museums, Table 1. Details of museum data associated with 12 specimens but the Leiden-cum-Tring material provides a slightly larger sample described in Table 2. than that used by Delacour (1949). Each specimen was tabulated for colour of belly, pattern of flanks and colour of tail. Details of the No. Type Identity identity and provenance (where known) of the specimens are given 1 Mount RMNH.AVES.87398, syntype of macartneyi (see van den Hoek Ostende et al. 1997) in Table 1; results are shown in Table 2. It is a weakness inherent in 2 Skin RMNH.AVES.171365, ‘sumatrana Cat.1’, collector Vorderman, received 6.3.1896 the situation that as few as four of the specimens in question (2, 3, 7 and 11) have certain origins in the wild. 3 Skin RMNH.AVES.171364, ‘sumatrana Cat.2’, Telok Betong, from Schlüter 4 Skin ZMA.AVES.25751, from Zoo Artis Discussion No two specimens of the 12 examined showed a matching pattern 5 Skin ZMA.AVES.25743, label referring to Büttikofer (1895); not clear if seen by Büttikofer of colouration (Table 2). This is completely contrary to what one 6 Skin ZMA.AVES.25752, ‘albipennis × sumatrana’ from Zoo Artis, 1931 might expect in any series of a population from within a 7 Mount RMNH.AVES.171361, ‘Lophura sumatrana Cat.3’, Komering, Palembang, E Sumatra, circumscribed geographical area. Overall, this variation is so marked 1883, Schuylenburch that the explanation already furnished by Elliot (1878), Beebe (1921) and Kloss (1931)—and mentioned more tentatively by Büttikofer 8 Mount RMNH.AVES.171362, Lophura sumatrana Cat.4, from W.
Recommended publications
  • CITES Cop16 Prop. 17 IUCN-TRAFFIC Analysis (PDF, 88KB)
    Ref. CoP16 Prop. 17 Deletion of Imperial Pheasant Lophura imperialis from Appendix I Proponent: Switzerland, as Depositary Government, at the request of the Animals Committee (prepared by France) Summary: The Imperial Pheasant Lophura imperialis is a rare dark-blue pheasant known in the wild from just four records from Viet Nam. First described in 1924 from a single live pair, it is now accepted as being an occasional naturally-occurring hybrid between Silver Pheasant L. nycthemera and Edward’s Pheasant L. edwardsi. A bird captured in 1990 was likely a hybrid between L. nycthemera and Vietnamese Pheasant L. hatinhensis which itself has been found to be an inbred form of L. edwardsi. There have been no other confirmed reports of Imperial Pheasant in the wild. A captive stock was established in Europe and the USA from a pair caught in 1923, which were subsequently cross-bred with Lophura nycthemera to create new stock. Birds with Imperial Pheasant phenotype have also been created in captivity by hybridizing Silver Pheasant and Edward’s Pheasant. Lophura imperialis and L. edwardsi were both listed in CITES Appendix I in 1975. Since 1975 international trade in 31 L. imperialis individuals has been reported in the CITES trade database, all but four declared as captive-bred. These four comprise animals exported before 1999 from non-range States with no source code included in the record. There is no reason to suppose that these were not also captive-bred. Lophura imperialis is proposed for removal from Appendix I on the basis that it is no longer recognised as a species.
    [Show full text]
  • Here 9: E02324
    Eben Goodale Professor PI, Behavioral and Community Ecology, Conservation Biology College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Lab 519 No. 100 DaXue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Cell: (+86) 18174128262; Skype: eben.goodale ORCID: 0000-0003-3403-2847 Web: www.animal-ecology-guangxi.com Biographical Narrative: Eben Goodale is Professor, PI of a group focusing on animal ecology and conservation at Guangxi University in China. He is interested in the connection between three fields of ecology: behavioral ecology, community ecology and conservation biology. His research focuses on how behavior, particularly communication, affects the interactions between species, and how knowledge about such interactions can be integrated into conservation and management plans. He received his bachelor’s from Harvard College (1997), his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2005), and held postdoctoral fellowships at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology, the National Science Foundation (USA) and the University of California, San Diego / University of San Diego. Much of his work has been done on birds and in Sri Lanka, but he has also conducted bird research in India, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and China, and has also worked on communication in bees. He is the first author of “Mixed-species Animal Groups” (Academic Press, 2017), the only book on this topic, and more than 50 scientific articles including publications in general science journals, such as Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, American Naturalist, and Biology Letters, animal behavior journals, such as Animal Behavior, and Behavioral Ecology, and conservation/environmental journals, such as Environmental Pollution, Diversity and Distributions, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, and Biological Conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Paul Johnsgard Collection Papers in the Biological Sciences 1983 Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants" (1983). Paul Johnsgard Collection. 17. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Paul Johnsgard Collection by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. HYBRIDIZATION & ZOOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN PHEASANTS PAUL A. JOHNSGARD The purpose of this paper is to infonn members of the W.P.A. of an unusual scientific use of the extent and significance of hybridization among pheasants (tribe Phasianini in the proposed classification of Johnsgard~ 1973). This has occasionally occurred naturally, as for example between such locally sympatric species pairs as the kalij (Lophura leucol11elana) and the silver pheasant (L. nycthelnera), but usually occurs "'accidentally" in captive birds, especially in the absence of conspecific mates. Rarely has it been specifically planned for scientific purposes, such as for obtaining genetic, morphological, or biochemical information on hybrid haemoglobins (Brush. 1967), trans­ ferins (Crozier, 1967), or immunoelectrophoretic comparisons of blood sera (Sato, Ishi and HiraI, 1967). The literature has been summarized by Gray (1958), Delacour (1977), and Rutgers and Norris (1970). Some of these alleged hybrids, especially those not involving other Galliformes, were inadequately doculnented, and in a few cases such as a supposed hybrid between domestic fowl (Gallus gal/us) and the lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) can be discounted.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Amendment of Appendix I Or II for CITES Cop16
    Original language: French CoP16 Prop. 17 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok (Thailand), 3-14 March 2013 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Delete Lophura imperialis from Appendix I and Amend the standard reference for birds adopted by the Conference of the Parties in the Annex to Resolution Conf. 12.11 (Rev. CoP15): "Dickinson, E. C. (ed.)(2003): The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Revised and enlarged 3rd Edition. 1039 pp. London (Christopher Helm)", inserting the following text in square brackets: [for all bird species – except for Lophura imperialis and the taxa mentioned below] B. Proponent Switzerland, as Depositary Government, at the request of the Animals Committee (proposal prepared by France)1. C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Aves 1.2 Order: Galliformes 1.3 Family: Phasianidae 1.4 Genus, species, including author and year: Lophura imperialis, Delacour et Jabouille, 1924 Birdlife International no longer recognizes the imperial pheasant (Lophura imperialis) as a species (2011). According to the IUCN Species Survival Commission / World Pheasant Association Galliformes Specialist Group, Lophura imperialis is no longer a valid name and the taxon should be considered a natural hybrid between the species Lophura edwardsi (Oustalet, 1896) and Lophura nycthemera (Linné, 1758). As a result, Lophura imperialis has been removed from the IUCN Red List. 1 The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Gamebird Conservation
    Threatened Ducks and Geese West Indian Whistling Duck Hawaiian Goose Gamebird Conservation Freckled Duck by Jack Clinton-Eitniear Crested Shelduck San Antonio, Texas Baykal Teal New Zealand Brown Teal Laysan Duck Pink-headed Duck Madagascar Pochard During the first half of the nine­ from the list at the end of this article, Scaly-sided Merganser teenth century, had you ventured into they have a rather formidable chal­ Lesser White-fronted Goose a meat market in ew York or Balti­ lenge ahead of them. Red-breasted Goose more, you might well have encoun­ While it is encouraging to note that Ruddy-headed Goose tered a rather "fishy" tasting duck a number of species facing troubles in White-winged Duck offered for sale. That duck, often said the wild are well represented in cap­ Madagascar Teal to have rotted as few desired to eat tivity it is equally saddening that Hawaiian Duck them, was that of a Labrador Duck most are not. Having had the pleasure Marbled Teal (Camptorhynchus labradorius)~ a of working with tragopans, as well as Baer's Pochard now extinct species. While dis­ brown-, blue- and white-eared pheas­ Brazilian Merganser covered inhabiting the northeast sea­ ants in the late sixties, I know well of White-headed Duck board in 1789, the duck, for reasons their awe-inspiring beauty. Anyone unknown, had disappeared by 1878. who is tempted to associate bright Threatened Pheasants, While at least four species of water­ colors of enchanting combinations Francolins, Quail & Peafowl fowl have passed into extinction, I with only small birds needs to visit a Bearded Wood-partridge know of only one Gallinaceous bird, pheasant collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Foraging Behaviour of Three Forktail Enicurus Species, Including Fish in the Diet of the Slaty-Backed Forktail E
    ENGILIS ET AL.: Slaty-backed Forktail 109 Diet and foraging behaviour of three Forktail Enicurus species, including fish in the diet of the Slaty-backed Forktail E. schistaceus Andrew Engilis, Jr., Punit S. Lalbhai, Irene E. Engilis & Vivek Rawat Engilis Jr., A., Lalbhai, P. S., Engilis, I. E., & Rawat, V., 2021. Diet and foraging behaviour of three Forktail Enicurus species, including fish in the diet of the Slaty-backed Forktail E. schistaceus. Indian BIRDS 17 (4): 109–113. Andrew Engilis, Jr., Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] [Corresponding author] Punit Lalbhai E-mail: [email protected]. Irene Engilis. Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]. Vivek Rawat, Birding Guide. E-mail: [email protected]. Manuscript received on 18 September 2020. Introduction 2014). In addition to the three Enicurus species at our field site, Forktails (Muscicapidae; Enicurus; 7 species) are charismatic and we found the stream-adapted passerine community of this creek energetic stream-associated, terrestrial flycatchers distributed to include Plumbeous Water Redstart Phoenicurus fuliginosus, primarily in the mountains of the Indian Subcontinent, China, White-capped Redstart P. leucocephalus, Grey Wagtail Motacilla Taiwan, and South-east Asia through Indonesia (Collar 2005; cinerea, and Western Yellow Wagtail M. flava. Grimmett et al. 2011; Clement & Rose 2015; Eaton et al. 2016). Forktails are known to feed along stream edges and banks, picking invertebrates from the water margins, leaf litter and surface of streams along shallow submerged rocks, and in the splash-zones of small rapids (Rand & Fleming 1957; Tyler & Ormerod 1994; Manel et al 2000; Buckton & Ormerod 2008; Amir et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda Document
    CMS Distribution: General CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.24.1.7 23 May 2017 SPECIES Original: English 12th MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES Manila, Philippines, 23 - 28 October 2017 Agenda Item 24.1.7 ACTION PLAN FOR FAR EASTERN CURLEW (Prepared by the Australian Government) Summary: The Far Eastern Curlew is an endangered migratory shorebird which is included in Appendix I and II of CMS. Resolution 11.14 on a Programme of Work on Migratory Birds and Flyways recommends the development, adoption and implementation of an Action Plan for this species. A task force established under the East Asian – Australasian Flyway Partnership (EAAFP) in 2015 prepared the Action Plan in consultation with Range States, EAAFP Partners, non-government organizations and the research community. The Action Plan was approved by the EAAFP at its meeting of partners held in Singapore in January 2017. The Action Plan identifies key threats and prioritizes actions required to improve the conservation status of the Far Eastern Curlew throughout its range. The Action Plan is submitted to COP12 for adoption with a view to promote immediate implementation. Implementation of the Action Plan will contribute to targets 8, 9 and 10 of the Strategic Plan for Migratory Species 2015-2023. UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.24.1.7 ACTION PLAN FOR FAR EASTERN CURLEW Background 1. The Far Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) was listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List in 2010 and uplisted to endangered in 2015. The species was listed on the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) Appendix II in 1994 and Appendix I in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterbirds of Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia, Russia
    FORKTAIL 25 (2009): 13–70 Waterbirds of Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia, Russia JIŘÍ MLÍKOVSKÝ Lake Baikal lies in eastern Siberia, Russia. Due to its huge size, its waterbird fauna is still insufficiently known in spite of a long history of relevant research and the efforts of local and visiting ornithologists and birdwatchers. Overall, 137 waterbird species have been recorded at Lake Baikal since 1800, with records of five further species considered not acceptable, and one species recorded only prior to 1800. Only 50 species currently breed at Lake Baikal, while another 11 species bred there in the past or were recorded as occasional breeders. Only three species of conservation importance (all Near Threatened) currently breed or regularly migrate at Lake Baikal: Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa and Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata. INTRODUCTION In the course of past centuries water levels in LB fluctuated considerably (Galaziy 1967, 1972), but the Lake Baikal (hereafter ‘LB’) is the largest lake in Siberia effects on the local avifauna have not been documented. and one of the largest in the world. Avifaunal lists of the Since the 1950s, the water level in LB has been regulated broader LB area have been published by Gagina (1958c, by the Irkutsk Dam. The resulting seasonal fluctuations 1960b,c, 1961, 1962b, 1965, 1968, 1988), Dorzhiyev of water levels significantly influence the distribution and (1990), Bold et al. (1991), Dorzhiyev and Yelayev (1999) breeding success of waterbirds (Skryabin 1965, 1967a, and Popov (2004b), but the waterbird fauna has not 1995b, Skryabin and Tolchin 1975, Lipin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of Forktail Damselflies (Genus Ischnura) Reveals A
    1 Supporting material for: A molecular phylogeny of forktail damselflies (genus Ischnura) reveals a dynamic macroevolutionary history of female colour polymorphisms Rachel Blow1, Beatriz Willink2,3 and Erik I. Svensson4* 1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, Sede Rodrigo Facio Brenes, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica 3Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm S-106 91, Sweden 4Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund 223-62, Sweden *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Keywords: ancestral state reconstruction, geographic range, morphic speciation, polymorphism, sexual conflict, StarBEAST2, trans-species polymorphism. 1 Table. S1. NCBI accession numbers of sequences used in this study to construct a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ischnura damselflies. Two mitochondrial (16S, COI) and three nuclear (D7, PMRT, H3) loci were used (See Methods). Missing sequences from specimens for which not all markers were sequenced are denoted with ‘--’. Samples sequenced for this study are marked in bold. Samples marked with * indicate representative sequences used for extemded phylogenetic analyses with PASTIS (see Supplementary Methods). Sequence data downloaded from NCBI GenBank come from published studies: 1 = Willink et al. (2019); 2 = Karube et al. (2012); 3 = Dijkstra et al. (2014), 4 = Bybee et al. (2008); 5 = Ferreira et al. (2014); 6 = Kim et al. (2014). Taxon Sample ID 16S COI D7 PMRT H3 Ischnura
    [Show full text]
  • New and Interesting Records for the Obi Archipelago (North Maluku, Indonesia)
    Marc Thibault et al. 83 Bull. B.O.C. 2013 133(2) New and interesting records for the Obi archipelago (north Maluku, Indonesia), including feld observations and frst description of the vocalisation of Moluccan Woodcock Scolopax rochussenii by Marc Thibault, Pierre Defos du Rau, Olivier Pineau & Wesley Pangimangen Received 6 October 2012 Summary.—The avifauna of the Obi archipelago is rather poorly studied and current understanding is essentially based on several historic collecting eforts and few recent visits by modern ornithologists, none of which reached the mountains above 750 m. Furthermore, the taxonomic position of many bird populations restricted to the archipelago or shared with nearby Bacan Island remains confused. We describe the results of a two-week avifaunal survey of Obi in March 2010. We provide frst records since 1982 of the poorly known Moluccan Woodcock Scolopax rochussenii as well as the frst description of its vocalisation and frst information on its habitat, which, contrary to what was previously speculated, includes lowland forest. We also provide confrmed records of fve taxa previously unknown on the island, including one that possibly represents a new subspecies (Sulawesi Myzomela Myzomela chloroptera). New elevational information is presented for 34 species. Comments on the taxonomy of several endemic taxa are made on the basis of new vocalisation or photographic material, suggesting that at least two deserve biological species status (Northern Golden Bulbul Thapsinillas longirostris lucasi, Dusky Myzomela Myzomela
    [Show full text]
  • Haematopus [Ostralegus] Osculans
    Conservation assessment of Far Eastern Oystercatcher Haematopus [ostralegus] osculans David S. Melvill e1, Yuri N. Gerasimo v2, Nial Moores 3, Yu Yat-Tun g4 & Qingquan Ba i5 11261 Dovedale Road, R.D. 2 Wakefield, Nelson 7096, New Zealand. [email protected] 2Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Rybakov 19a, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683024, Russia 3Birds Korea, 1108 Ho, 3 Dong, Samik Tower Apt., Namcheon 2 Dong, Su Young-Gu, Busan 613762, Republic of Korea 4c/o Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Choi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong 5Forestry Bureau of Dandong, Dandong, Liaoning, China 118000 Melville, D.S., Gerasimov, Y.N., Moores, N., Yat-Tung, Y & Bai, Q. 2014. Conservation assessment of Far Eastern Oystercatcher Haematopus [ostralegus] osculans. International Wader Studies 20: 129 –154. The Far Eastern Oystercatcher Haematopus [ostralegus] osculans is a little-known taxon, with an estimated total population of about 11,000 birds. The disjunctive breeding range extends along the west coast of the Kamchatkan Peninsula to Shelikov Bay at the head of the Sea of Okhotsk, and from the west and south coasts of the Korean Peninsula south to Fujian Province, China. During the summer a few birds occur from the Amur River delta south along the coasts of Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions, and inland in the central Amur region and northeast China, but few are thought to breed there. It is nowhere common. It winters mainly along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and the coast of East China from southern Shandong Province to as far south as northern Guangdong Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Informing Decisions on an Extremely Data Poor Species Facing Imminent Extinction
    Informing decisions on an extremely data poor species facing imminent extinction M ATTHEW J. GRAINGER,DUSIT N GOPRASERT P HILIP J.K. MC G OWAN and T OMMASO S AVINI Abstract Some of the species that are believed to have the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Strategic Plan for highest probability of extinction are also amongst the Biodiversity – (Secretariat of the Convention on most poorly known, and this makes it extremely difficult Biological Diversity, ) and target . of the to decide how to spend scarce resources. Assessments of UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN Sustainable conservation status made on the basis of loss or degradation Development Knowledge Platform, ). Our understand- of habitat and lack of records may provide compelling indi- ing of how high the probability of extinction is for individual cations of a decline in geographical range and population species is variable, as is our ability to identify places that size, but they do not help identify where conservation action should be priorities for action. In some instances, species might be best targeted. Methods for assessing the probabil- are well known and easily detectable, meaning that there ity of extinction and for modelling species’ distributions is a sound basis for identifying where and how to act. For exist, but their data requirements often exceed the informa- other species, however, it is extremely difficult to be confi- tion that is available for some of the most urgent conserva- dent about their proximity to extinction, let alone decide tion cases. Here we use all available information (localities, where searches should be focused or where conservation in- expert information, climate and landcover) about a high- terventions should be implemented.
    [Show full text]