The Reines-Cowan Experiments-Detecting the Poltergeist
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Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments, "Successful and Otherwise"
BNL-81686-2008-CP Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments, "Successful and Otherwise" R. L. Hahn Presented at the Proceedings of the Neutrino-2008 Conference Christchurch, New Zealand May 25 - 31, 2008 September 2008 Chemistry Department Brookhaven National Laboratory P.O. Box 5000 Upton, NY 11973-5000 www.bnl.gov Notice: This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. This preprint is intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, it may not be cited or reproduced without the author’s permission. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. -
Catholic Christian Christian
Religious Scientists (From the Vatican Observatory Website) https://www.vofoundation.org/faith-and-science/religious-scientists/ Many scientists are religious people—men and women of faith—believers in God. This section features some of the religious scientists who appear in different entries on these Faith and Science pages. Some of these scientists are well-known, others less so. Many are Catholic, many are not. Most are Christian, but some are not. Some of these scientists of faith have lived saintly lives. Many scientists who are faith-full tend to describe science as an effort to understand the works of God and thus to grow closer to God. Quite a few describe their work in science almost as a duty they have to seek to improve the lives of their fellow human beings through greater understanding of the world around them. But the people featured here are featured because they are scientists, not because they are saints (even when they are, in fact, saints). Scientists tend to be creative, independent-minded and confident of their ideas. We also maintain a longer listing of scientists of faith who may or may not be discussed on these Faith and Science pages—click here for that listing. Agnesi, Maria Gaetana (1718-1799) Catholic Christian A child prodigy who obtained education and acclaim for her abilities in math and physics, as well as support from Pope Benedict XIV, Agnesi would write an early calculus textbook. She later abandoned her work in mathematics and physics and chose a life of service to those in need. Click here for Vatican Observatory Faith and Science entries about Maria Gaetana Agnesi. -
Beta Decay Introduction
Beta decay Introduction Beta decay is the decay mechanism that affects the largest number of nuclei. In standard beta decay, or more specifically, beta-minus decay, a nucleus converts a neutron into a proton. The number of neutrons N decreases by one unit, and the number of protons Z increases by one. So the neutron excess decreases by two. Beta decay moves nuclei with too many neutrons closer to the stable range. Unlike the neutron, the proton has a positive charge, so by itself, converting a neutron into a proton would create charge out of nothing. However, that is not possible as net charge is preserved in nature. In beta decay, the nucleus also emits a negatively charged electron, making the net charge that is cre- ated zero as it should. But there is another problem with that. Now a neutron with spin 1/2 is converted into a proton and an electron, each with spin 1/2. That violates angular momentum conservation. (Regardless of any orbital angular momentum, the net angular momentum would change from half-integer to integer.) In beta de- cay, the nucleus also emits a second particle of spin 1/2, thus keeping the net angular momentum half- integer. Fermi called that second particle the neutrino, since it was electrically neutral and so small that it was initially impossible to observe. In fact, even at the time of writing, almost a century later, the mass of the neutrino, though known to be nonzero, is too small to measure. Nowadays the neutrino emitted in beta decay is more accurately identified as the electron antineutrino. -
Almanac, 03/28/78, Vol. 24, No. 25
Lniphnee Pertormance Review Of Record: Office of ('o#nputinç' Activities Photocop ring for Educational Uses Published the of Weekly by University Pennsylvania Report of the Provost's Task Force on the Study of Ad,,,:ssions Volume 24, Number 25 March 28, 1978 Annenberg Friends Contribute Funds, Support The Annenherg Preservation Committee, a student organi/ation headed by undergraduate Ray (Ireenherg, and the Friends of the Zellerhach Theater are helping the Annenherg Center meet its $125.000 fundraising goal and ensure the continuance of a professional theater season here next year. Approximately $500 collected by the Annenherg Preservation Committee during the student sit-in March 2-6 which was in part sparked h' the proposal to limit or curtail professional theater at Annenherg was presented to Annenhcrg Center Managing Director Stephen Goff last week. The committee is now offering for sale "Save the Center" t-shirts ($3) and buttons ($I). One dollar from every sale will go to the Annenberg Center. The committee is also arranging a special Penn All-Star Revue performance in May to benefit the Center. Another group. Friends of the Zellerhach Theater, headed by Diana Dripps and trustee Robert Trescher, will sponsor a gala benefit performance of Much Ado About Nothing, which they are Book fro,n the University of Pennsylvania Press edition of calling "Much Ado About Something." Seats will sell for $50 and jacket The Gentleman. $100. and anonymous donors have agreed to match funds raised Country from the special event. "Lost" Comedy to Premiere In addition, all funds raised by both groups will he applicable to a A Country Gentleman, a comedy written and banned n 1669 and challenge grant which may be awarded by the National Endowment considered lost for more than 3(X) years will hac its world for the Arts. -
Searching for Lightweight Dark Matter in Nova Near Detector
Searching for Lightweight Dark Matter in NOvA Near Detector PoS(FPCP2017)056 Filip Jediný* Czech Technical University in Prague Brehova 7, Prague, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] Athanasios Hatzikoutelis University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville, TN, USA E-mail: [email protected] Sergey Kotelnikov Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Kirk and Pine st., Batavia, IL, USA E-mail: [email protected] Biao Wang Southern Methodist University Dallas, TX, USA E-mail: [email protected] The NOvA long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment is receiving record numbers of 120GeV protons on target from Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam. We take advantage of our experiment’s sophisticated particle identification algorithms to search for Lightweight Dark Matter (LDM) in the first year of data from the Near Detector of NOvA (300-ton low-Z mass, placed off the beam axis) during the experiment’s first physics runs. Theoretical models of LDM predict that bellow- 10GeV candidates produced in the NuMI target might scatter or decay in the NOvA Near Detector. We simulate an example of the Neutral Vector Portal model with the sensitivity estimate of 10-39 cm2, which corresponds to O(10) LDM candidates per three years of data, looking at single electromagnetic showers between 5 and 15 GeV in a model independent way. The 15th International Conference on Flavor Physics & CP Violation 5-9 June, 2017 Prague, Czech Republic * Speaker Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). http://pos.sissa.it/ Searching for LDM in NOvA ND Filip Jediný 1. -
Neutrino Mysteries OLLI UC Irvine April 7, 2014
Neutrino Mysteries OLLI UC Irvine April 7, 2014 Dennis Silverman Department of Physics and Astronomy UC Irvine Neutrinos Around the Universe • Neutrinos • The Standard Model • The Weak Interactions Neutrino Oscillations • Solar Neutrinos • Atmospheric Neutrinos • Neutrino Masses • Neutrino vs. Antineutrino • Supernova Neutrinos Introduction to the Standard Model www.particleadventure.org Over 100 Years of Subatomic Physics Atoms to Electrons and Nuclei to Protons and Neutrons and to Quarks The size of a proton is about 10⁻¹³ cm, called a fermi. Protons have two up quarks and one down quark. Neutrons have one up quark and two down quarks. The Standard Model of Quarks and Leptons Electromagnetic, Weak, and Strong Color Interactions Q = +2/3 e Q = -1/3 e Q = 0 Q = - e The Spin of Particles, Charges, and Anti-particles • The quarks and leptons all have an intrinsic spin of ½ in units of hbar = h/2휋 =ħ, a very small number. These are called fermions after Enrico Fermi. They have anti-particles with opposite charges. • The up quarks have charge +2/3 of that of the electron’s magnitude, and the bottom quarks have charge -1/3. • The force particles have spin 1 times ħ, and are called bosons after S. N. Bose. • The force particles are their own antiparticles like Z⁰ and the photon, or in opposite pairs, like W⁺ and W⁻, and the colored gluons. Masses of Elementary Particles 125 GeV → The Proton and Neutron are about 1 GeV → A GeV is a giga electron volts in energy, or a billion electron volts Diagram from Gordon Kane, Scientific American 2003 The Weak Interactions The Beta (electron) Decay of a neutron is really that of a down quark to an up quark with a virtual W⁻ creating an electron and an electron anti-neutrino. -
Phase Transitions and the Casimir Effect in Neutron Stars
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2017 Phase Transitions and the Casimir Effect in Neutron Stars William Patrick Moffitt University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Other Physics Commons Recommended Citation Moffitt, William Patrick, "Phase Transitions and the Casimir Effect in Neutron Stars. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by William Patrick Moffitt entitled "Phaser T ansitions and the Casimir Effect in Neutron Stars." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Physics. Andrew W. Steiner, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Marianne Breinig, Steve Johnston Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Phase Transitions and the Casimir Effect in Neutron Stars A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville William Patrick Moffitt December 2017 Abstract What lies at the core of a neutron star is still a highly debated topic, with both the composition and the physical interactions in question. -
Melvin Schwartz 1932-2006
MELVIN SCHWARTZ 1932-2006 A Biographical Memoir by N. P. SAMIOS AND P. YAMIN © 2012 The National Academy of Sciences Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. MELVIN SCHWARTZ Courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratories. November 2, 1932–August 28, 2006 BY N. P. SAMIOS AND P. YAMIN MEL SCHWARTZ DIED ON August 28, 2006, in Twin Falls, Idaho. He was born on 1 November 2, 1932, in New York City. He grew up in the Great Depression, but with a sense of optimism and desire to use his mind for the betterment of human- kind. He entered the Bronx High School of Science in the fall of 1945. It was there that his interest in physics began and that he recognized the importance of interactions with peers in determining his sense of direction in life. One of his classmates and future colleagues recalled that “even then” he wanted a Nobel Prize. Mel noted: My interest in physics began at the age of 12 when I entered the Bronx High School of Science. The four years I spent there were certainly among the most exciting and stimulating in my life, mostly because of the interaction with the other students of similar background, interest, and ability. MELVIN SCHWARTZ MELVIN On Sunday afternoons he attended a school run by the secular and Zionist Yiddish and many others. As Mel commented, “This faculty [was] at this time unmatched by any in the world, largely Nationaler Arbeter Farband (Jewish National Workers Alliance). -
Nobel Lectures™ 2001-2005
World Scientific Connecting Great Minds 逾10 0 种 诺贝尔奖得主著作 及 诺贝尔奖相关图书 我们非常荣幸得以出版超过100种诺贝尔奖得主著作 以及诺贝尔奖相关图书。 我们自1980年代开始与诺贝尔奖得主合作出版高品质 畅销书。一些得主担任我们的编辑顾问、丛书编辑, 并于我们期刊发表综述文章与学术论文。 世界科技与帝国理工学院出版社还邀得其中多位作了公 开演讲。 Philip W Anderson Sir Derek H R Barton Aage Niels Bohr Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Murray Gell-Mann Georges Charpak Nicolaas Bloembergen Baruch S Blumberg Hans A Bethe Aaron J Ciechanover Claude Steven Chu Cohen-Tannoudji Leon N Cooper Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Niels K Jerne Richard Feynman Kenichi Fukui Lawrence R Klein Herbert Kroemer Vitaly L Ginzburg David Gross H Gobind Khorana Rita Levi-Montalcini Harry M Markowitz Karl Alex Müller Sir Nevill F Mott Ben Roy Mottelson 诺贝尔奖相关图书 THE PERIODIC TABLE AND A MISSED NOBEL PRIZES THAT CHANGED MEDICINE NOBEL PRIZE edited by Gilbert Thompson (Imperial College London) by Ulf Lagerkvist & edited by Erling Norrby (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) This book brings together in one volume fifteen Nobel Prize- winning discoveries that have had the greatest impact upon medical science and the practice of medicine during the 20th “This is a fascinating account of how century and up to the present time. Its overall aim is to groundbreaking scientists think and enlighten, entertain and stimulate. work. This is the insider’s view of the process and demands made on the Contents: The Discovery of Insulin (Robert Tattersall) • The experts of the Nobel Foundation who Discovery of the Cure for Pernicious Anaemia, Vitamin B12 assess the originality and significance (A Victor Hoffbrand) • The Discovery of -
01Ii Beam Line
STA N FO RD LIN EA R A C C ELERA TO R C EN TER Fall 2001, Vol. 31, No. 3 CONTENTS A PERIODICAL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS FALL 2001 VOL. 31, NUMBER 3 Guest Editor MICHAEL RIORDAN Editors RENE DONALDSON, BILL KIRK Contributing Editors GORDON FRASER JUDY JACKSON, AKIHIRO MAKI MICHAEL RIORDAN, PEDRO WALOSCHEK Editorial Advisory Board PATRICIA BURCHAT, DAVID BURKE LANCE DIXON, EDWARD HARTOUNI ABRAHAM SEIDEN, GEORGE SMOOT HERMAN WINICK Illustrations TERRY ANDERSON Distribution CRYSTAL TILGHMAN The Beam Line is published quarterly by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309. Telephone: (650) 926-2585. EMAIL: [email protected] FAX: (650) 926-4500 Issues of the Beam Line are accessible electroni- cally on the World Wide Web at http://www.slac. stanford.edu/pubs/beamline. SLAC is operated by Stanford University under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. The opinions of the authors do not necessarily reflect the policies of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Cover: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detects neutrinos from the sun. This interior view from beneath the detector shows the acrylic vessel containing 1000 tons of heavy water, surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. (Courtesy SNO Collaboration) Printed on recycled paper 2 FOREWORD 32 THE ENIGMATIC WORLD David O. Caldwell OF NEUTRINOS Trying to discern the patterns of neutrino masses and mixing. FEATURES Boris Kayser 42 THE K2K NEUTRINO 4 PAULI’S GHOST EXPERIMENT A seventy-year saga of the conception The world’s first long-baseline and discovery of neutrinos. neutrino experiment is beginning Michael Riordan to produce results. Koichiro Nishikawa & Jeffrey Wilkes 15 MINING SUNSHINE The first results from the Sudbury 50 WHATEVER HAPPENED Neutrino Observatory reveal TO HOT DARK MATTER? the “missing” solar neutrinos. -
Glossary of Terms Absorption Line a Dark Line at a Particular Wavelength Superimposed Upon a Bright, Continuous Spectrum
Glossary of terms absorption line A dark line at a particular wavelength superimposed upon a bright, continuous spectrum. Such a spectral line can be formed when electromag- netic radiation, while travelling on its way to an observer, meets a substance; if that substance can absorb energy at that particular wavelength then the observer sees an absorption line. Compare with emission line. accretion disk A disk of gas or dust orbiting a massive object such as a star, a stellar-mass black hole or an active galactic nucleus. An accretion disk plays an important role in the formation of a planetary system around a young star. An accretion disk around a supermassive black hole is thought to be the key mecha- nism powering an active galactic nucleus. active galactic nucleus (agn) A compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits vast amounts of electromagnetic radiation and fast-moving jets of particles; an agn can outshine the rest of the galaxy despite being hardly larger in volume than the Solar System. Various classes of agn exist, including quasars and Seyfert galaxies, but in each case the energy is believed to be generated as matter accretes onto a supermassive black hole. adaptive optics A technique used by large ground-based optical telescopes to remove the blurring affects caused by Earth’s atmosphere. Light from a guide star is used as a calibration source; a complicated system of software and hardware then deforms a small mirror to correct for atmospheric distortions. The mirror shape changes more quickly than the atmosphere itself fluctuates. -
The Story of the Reines Vista and the Art Piece
The Story of the Reines Vista and the Art Piece The laser-cut stainless steel art piece designed by Lisa Cowden memorializing the life, family and research of her father and Nobel laureate Dr. Frederick Reines. The Story The stainless steel and wood art piece located near the corner of California Avenue and Bartok Court in University Hills is dedicated to the life, family, and research of Dr. Frederick Reines (1918 – 1998). Dr. Reines was a long-time University Hills homeowner, UC Irvine faculty member, and 1995 Nobel Laureate for the first detection of the neutrino. The prize is shared with his colleague Clyde Cowan for their joint neutrino detection in 1956 at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The Reines Vista sign, which was designed by his daughter Lisa Reines Cowden, contains graphical representations of Dr. Reines’ family, career, and interests. Along the sides of the sign are legends to some of the images, though not all. Much of the imagery is intentionally left unidentified. Users are invited by the artist to imagine what the undefined images might represent. Lisa first designed the sign as a sketch, and then with paper and scissors she personally cut out the design. She had the paper design scanned and put into CAD by an engineer friend. The CAD file was then used to guide a laser cutter to recreate the design on a sheet of stainless steel. A black locust wood frame completed the sign. Lisa Cowden dedicated the sign in a small, private ceremony on June 5th 2001. Facts • Located near the corner of Bartok Court and California Avenue in University Hills • Home builder Brookfield Homes assisted in the installation of the art piece For Further Study http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines http://www.ps.uci.edu/physics/reinestrib.html http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb1p30039g&chunk.id=div00047&brand=calisphere&doc.