English Riviera

The Management Plan Executive Summary

Geoparks aim to protect geodiversity and to promote geological heritage to the general public, as well as to support sustainable economic development of the region through geotourism. The unique combination of a superb geological resource, existing tourism facilities and well developed partnerships with public, private and voluntary sectors puts in a strong position to develop a dynamic and successful Geopark, promoting geological heritage and sustainable development in the 21st Century.

The international importance of Torbay’s is undeniable, 32 geosites telling a story covering a total of 3 geological time periods, all found within a compact area.

In the early 18th century, one site in particular, Lummaton Quarry, played a key role in contributing to the understanding of what was happening around 409 - 363 million years ago. Fossils found at the quarry completed the picture of that period of time and thus led to the naming of the period; in fact this is the only to be named after a place. Beautiful fossilised reveal that Torbay was once located south of the equator, bathed in shallow tropical seas, teeming with life. These fossils are today easy to view in the latter quarried and used in local buildings and sea walls.

The unimaginable pressures of plate tectonic movements are visible in the folded and fractured limestones, evidence of a time when Africa literally collided with Europe. There followed further shifting of the continental plates and by 280 million years ago Torbay became a sweltering Sahara-like desert, a desert so hot that irons in the rocks were oxidised turning them red. Violent storms and flash floods swept stones and rocks down desert valleys leaving us with the red and breccias that appear along much of Torbay’s coast. Strange fossilised burrows 10cm across indicate the existence of primitive reptiles.

Other geological highlights include exotic , palladium and very rare selenium minerals at Hopes Nose, iron ore mined at Sharkham Point, clays at Watcombe from which developed the famous terracotta industry, regarded the finest in and marble of the highest quality from Petit Tor, that it was in demand as far away as New Zealand.

A landscape untouched by glaciation, revealing stories unseen elsewhere in the world. Stories of tropical seas and scorching deserts, raised beaches and drowned forests, hippopotami and mammoth, straight-tusked elephant and sabre toothed tiger, cave bear and earliest man.

A landscape of dramatic changes, of exploration and discovery.

A landscape worthy of Geopark designation. The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan  9 8 8 8 0 2 3 6 6 7 7 8 4 5 6 7 9 0 2 3 5 6 8 0 7 9 2 4 6 8 9 0 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 3 1 . .

...... orbay

T ...... olicy ...... rust P ...... olicies for Sustainable Development ...... orbay Coast and Countryside T ...... : T ...... Geology What is a Geopark? the English Riviera Geopark Description of of Heritage Geological the for Issues Management Infrastructure Geotourism (350) sheet Geological map to the Torquay Geology - A simple explanation from the beginning. Torbay’s Site designations and geological/ geomorphological features Site management Priority 2: Site Conservation Priority 3: Geoeducation and Geotourism Membership of the English Riviera Geopark Organisation Membership of the Geopark? What is a European Governance issues Site conservation issues Site Map Priority 1: Management Framework Generic issues affecting Torbay’s heritage SWOT analysis heritage Generic issues affecting Torbay’s Site management The European Geopark Network The European Geopark Management themes Introduction English Riviera Geopark Organisation (ERGO) Work Program English Riviera Geopark Organisation (ERGO) Work Photo credits 1 . Riviera GeoparkOrganisation the English 4 . plan purpose of the management 6.2 6.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.2 8.3 1.2 2.2 5.2 5.3 on Fossil and Mineral Collection on Fossil 9 . action Plan Appendix A 8 . priorities and P 8.1 7.1 6.1 7 . 5.1 6 . of the Geopark the potential for further development 4.1 5 . 2 . 2.1 3 . 1.1 s ent Cont Summary Executive The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan Oddicombe beach John Risdon–Freelance historianandlecturer Nick Powe –OwnerofKents Cavern Dr Kevin Page –GeologistatUniversityofPlymouth Mel Border–EducationRangerforTorbay Coast&CountrysideTrust Dominic Acland–DirectorofTheTorbay Coast&CountrysideTrust ERGO, inparticular: work oftheTorbay HeritageForum indevelopingtheGeoparkisacknowledged bythe and providesstronglinkstootherheritagemanagersinterestsinthearea.The group sub-committeeoftheTHF. TheERGOisresponsibleformanaging the Geopark The ERGOtakesovertheworkofmanagingGeoparkfromsteering partnership torealisetheregenerationpotentialofaGeoparkinTorbay. English RivieraGeoparkOrganisationtobringtogetherinterestedpartiesinaformal Forum initsworktocompleteandpublishtheapplication, andtoestablishthe application. Torbay CouncilwillnowsupporttheTorbay Heritage gov.uk) agreedtoactastheleadpartnerinmakingsecond strategies. On14December2006Torbay Council(www.torbay. integrated intomanyofTorbay’s regenerationandconservation future Geopark.AsaresulttheGeoparkinitiativeisnowwell- in Torbay andtodevelopastrongmanagementframeworkforthe Since 2004theTHFhasworkedtopromotegeotourismactivities period ofdevelopmentbeforeresubmittingtheapplication. applicationtooaspirationalandrecommendedatwoyear the THF’s 2004 butwasunsuccessful.TheEGNselectioncommitteeconsidered membership oftheEuropeanGeoparkNetwork(EGN)wasmadein secure EuropeanGeoparkstatusforTorbay. Itsfirstsubmissionfor The Torbay HeritageForum (THF)hasbeenworkingsince2003to 1 . theEnglisRivira 1.  Geopark Organisation Introduction 1 Kents Cavern 3

Sharkham Point Berry Headlookingtowards 1 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan  expertise involvement Private sector protection Statutory site Local geological Forum Research training Group orbay Business T

Devon RIGS and local schools South College University of Plymouth,

Forum Museums orbay Heritage Events and tours T Geopark Organisation English Riviera Education/interpretation Natural England rust

orbay Coast & T orbay Council Countryside T T orbay T Agency nglish iviera English R of the Membership Geopark Organisation Development Geosite Cultural Services Harbours & Marine Transport Services Transport Children’s Services management Tourism & Marketing Tourism Museums Partnership Economic Development 1 .2 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan ,Torquay http://www.worldgeopark.org. Geoparks inEurope.For informationontheGlobal Geoparknetworkvisit EGN responsibilityforregulatingmembershipoftheUNESCOGlobalNetwork Division ofEarthSciencesgivingthenetworkUNESCOendorsementand The EuropeanGeoparksNetworkhassignedformalagreementswithUNESCO’s coordination committee comprised of two representatives from each member territory. Geological Sciences) and IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) and a of 11 members including representatives of UNESCO, IUGS (International Union of The structure of the network is relatively simple and comprises an advisory committee There arefiveintheUK: territories across12Europeancountries. four territories,thenetworknowhas29 geological tourism.Originallyconsistingof primarily throughthedevelopmentof development ofgeoparkterritories as tosupportsustainableeconomic heritage tothegeneralpublicaswell geo-diversity andtopromotegeological Geoparks Network(EGN)aimstoprotect Established in2000,theEuropean theEuropean 2 .1 2.  What isaGeopark? Geopark Network n n n n n Marble ArchCavesandCuilcaghMountainPark, NorthernIreland Geopark, Scotland North West Highlands Fforest Fawr Geopark,Wales Geopark, England North Pennines AONB Geopark, England Abberley andMalvernHills 1

Malvern Hills,Worcestershire, England Berry Head,Brixham

9 4 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan  Location of current European Geoparks

local enterprises to promote and support the creation of new by-products local enterprises to promote and support the creation of new by-products other linked with the geological heritage in a complimentary spirit with the European Geoparks Network members territory through enhancement of a general image linked to the geological territory through enhancement of Geotourism heritage and the development of on the territory by influencing its A European Geopark has direct impact environment. The objective is to enable inhabitants’ living conditions and and the inhabitants to reappropriate the values of the territory’s heritage actively participate in the territory’s cultural revitalization as a whole. A European Geopark develops, experiments with and enhances methods for preserving the geological heritage A European Geopark must work within the European Geopark Network with to further the network’s development and cohesion. It must work promote development. It and sufficient surface area for true must have clearly defined boundaries territorial economic development. number of geological sites of particular A European Geopark must have a aesthetic appeal rarity, quality, importance in terms of their scientific of sites present in the territory of a or educational value. The majority the geological heritage, but their European Geopark must be part of ecological, historical or cultural. interest may also be archaeological, role in the economic development of its A European Geopark has an active A European Geopark is a A European Geopark which includes territory, a particular geological heritage and a sustainable territorial development strategy supported by a European program to n n n n n n uropean Geopark? European Geopark? What is a What europeangeoparks.org. 2 .2 of a Geopark The following definition European Geoparks is taken from the at http://www. Network website As a consequence of this collaboration this collaboration of consequence As a a Geopark is automatically a European Global Geopark. The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan Special ScientificInterest. which sitwithinthe11nationallyprotectedSitesof Sites (CGS)andafurther10proposedCGSs,many of Conservation ReviewSites(GCRS),6CountyGeological protected geologicalsitesintheUKwith16Geological also includesoneofthehighestconcentrations characterisation oftheDevonianPeriod. Thearea least asTorbay includessitescrucialtotheinitial links tothehistoryofscienceandculture,not to Pleistocenebone-caves.Thisgeologyhasstrong exposed geologicalheritage,fromDevonianreefs The EnglishRivieraGeoparkhasarichandwell- heritage andsustainabledevelopmentinthe21stCentury. Torbay wellplacedtodevelopadynamicandsuccessfulGeopark,promotinggeological and well-developedpartnershipswithpublic,privatevoluntarysectors,makes The uniquecombinationofasuperbgeologicalresource,existingtourismfacilities camp-sites andtheremaining25%staywithfriendsfamilies. visitors stayinhotelandself-catering accommodation,aquarterinholidayparksand that thereissparecapacityandstayingvisitorswereoncefarlargerinnumber. Halfof the influxoftourists.Occupancyratesaverage70%duringhighseasondemonstrating population of123,000expandstoaround180,000duringthesummermonthswith accounts for13.5%ofthearea’sGrossDomesticProduct(GDP).Torbay’s resident employing approximately15,000peoplebothdirectlyandindirectly. Theindustryalso Tourism isTorbay’s dominantindustry, hosting9 millionbednightseachyear, and in thedevelopmentofterritory. The coastline is dramatic, thanks to the area’s geology, and has played a significant part the landarearemainsundeveloped,aseitherfarmland,woodlandorotheropenspace. The terrestrialareaismainlyurbanorsub-urbanincharacterbutapproximately45%of View overBrixham,lookingnorthtowardsPaignton 3.  Riviera Gopark Description oftheEnglish Location oftheEnglishRiviera Geopark, relative totherest oftheUK 1 62.4 km2oflandand41.5sea. Torbay’s administrativeboundariesinclude name of“TheEnglishRiviera”. style andrefinementacquiredthe became aVictoriansea-sideresortofgreat prevailing southwesterlywinds.Torbay and eastfacingbayshelteredfromthe Paignton andBrixham.Itisasouth combines thethreetownsofTorquay, the southcoastofDevon,UK,thisarea the entireareaofTorbay. Situatedon The EnglishRivieraGeoparkencompasses

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan  1 for sustainable development. Environmental education with Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust Environmental education with Torbay (www.torbay.gov.uk/efstrategy) Work with the tourism sector to actively promote economic development with the tourism sector to actively Work activities linked to the geological through the enhancement of tourism heritage Encourage and enable access to geosites where this can be achieved sustainably for the benefit of the community and educational community-based wide-reaching develop and Support heritage geological the and geosites concerning programmes interpretation Work within the European Geopark Network to further the network’s within the European Geopark Network Work with other European and global construction and cohesion in partnership designated territories in the geosites. Also liaise with other neighbouring south-west of England. and enhancement of geosites. the protection Facilitate for the sustainable management of Encourage research into methods other sites in the UK and geosites and share best practice with Torbay’s abroad Maintain the ERGO and co-ordinate activities Maintain the ERGO and/or sites with links to the Ensure that geosites and other themes ecological, historical or cultural) geological heritage (archaeological, region’s Economic Regeneration are high on the agenda within the Framework 3 n n n n n n n n Management themes Management Management framework Site conservation Geoeducation and geotourism Kents Cavern Kents these that determine the work program for managing the English Riviera Geopark. the work program for managing these that determine 4 .1 .1 the geological qualities of the ERG are sustained and promoted for current and future for current and promoted the ERG are sustained qualities of the geological generations. 4 .1 is three overriding themes and it aims are brought together under Our management 4. ment plan ge se of the mana purpo the management of coordinate the plan is to of the management The purpose that networks to ensure and develop new partnerships strengthen existing Geopark, 4 .1 .2 4 .1 .3 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 5 .1 geosite conservation,geotourismandthegovernanceofGeopark. environmenttorbay/hstrategy.htm); andsubsequentlyanassessmentofissuesfacing was includedintheTorbay HeritageStrategy2003(www.countryside-trust.org.uk/ The followingsectionspresent:firstlyaSWOTanalysisof Torbay’s heritagewhich manageentIssuesfor 5. 10 Growing useofheritage assets inthe heritage conservation Tourism usesgenerateresourcesfor the localeconomy industry ofthevalueheritageassetsto Strong recognitionbythetourism engage inpartnershipworking New willingnessamongstallsectorsto biodiversity andgeology) museum collections;terrestrial heritage assets(egbuiltenvironment; Good levelsofresearchregardingsome initiatives regional levelasadriverforregeneration Heritage recognisedatastrategicand designations amongstdecision-makers there isahighlevelofawarenessthese designations covermostkeyfeaturesand Extensive layersofstatutoryandadvisory public public ownershipand/oropentothe Large proportionofheritageassetsin and culture Dense inter-weaving ofeconomy, heritage marine environment settings, includingthekeyassetof High-quality urbanandnaturallandscape habitats, geology, speciesandcollections Nationally important buildings, structures, Strengths context oflearningandtraining SWOT analysis the Gological Heritage ofTorbay Generic issuesaffectingT manage heritage resourcehasprovendifficultto The variety, complexityandextentofthe such asbasicmaintenanceandstaff Lack offundingforcorerevenueactivities heritage assets to restoreandrealisethepotentialof Lack offundingforcapitalprojects Weaknesses the heritagetopublic Relatively lowlevelsofinterpretation of tourism asset heritage asamarketingandmajor Failure torealisethepotentialofTorbay’s biodiversity) heritage assets(eglandscapes;marine Lack ofdetailedresearchintosome assets Inappropriate usesofsomeheritage levels ofinvolvementwiththeheritage Local residentshavetoooftenhadlow heritage or acultureofsharedownershipour Failure toagreeacommunity-wide vision purpose are notsufficientlyengagedinacommon The private,voluntaryandpublicsectors habitats andlandscapes development hasdamagedkeynatural Natural successionandurban parks and open spaces is in poor condition The fabric of many buildings, structures, orbay’s heritage

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 11 projects that fail to co-ordinate activities. Uncertain impacts of changes in national eg and international policies and funding, Common Agricultural Policy Reductions in the availability of grant in the availability Reductions medium term for heritage in the support landscape-scale in conserving Difficulties ownerships features in multiple out / falling / over-use Inappropriate uses of use features to coastal Loss of some key erosion losses of quality Incremental small-scale of assets priorities between to integrate Failure communicate to and sectors and agencies these to partners community-based to develop Failure of approach and to generate high levels community participation Haphazard development of heritage Threats 5 Develop ICT-linked facilities for improving Develop ICT-linked access to heritage Carry out research to improve the knowledge base of heritage assets support the private and voluntary sectors support the private and voluntary in heritage conservation Identify benefits from changes in national and international policies and funding, eg Objective 2 Common Agricultural Policy, Improve interpretation and marketing Improve interpretation and marketing initiatives, especially through partnership work to Develop / reinstate grant schemes Reach out to communities and individuals Reach out to communities and individuals poor that have historically experienced access to the heritage training and learning Improve heritage the with associated opportunities Develop specific, integrated action plans Develop specific, integrated action for each category of heritage asset Improve volunteer involvement and community participation in heritage management Market a strong Torbay heritage brand heritage Torbay Market a strong selling point of Exploit the unique assets maritime heritage Torbay’s Heritage Forum Heritage a Regeneration The formation of for Torbay Partnership inclusive vision for Communicate a strong heritage Torbay’s Opportunities of public, strong partnership Create a through a voluntary sectors private and Berry Head, Brixham The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan trademark and control the ERG brand from an early stage to ensure to its development in the long term. Therefore it would be wise to UK has shown that uncontrolled use of a brand can be damaging establish a competing brand. However, experience elsewhere in the It is highly practical to link the Geopark to this brand rather than agents in Torbay and is widely recognised within the UK and abroad. The English Riviera is a strong existing brand in wide use by multiple 5 .2 in ordertoefficientlymanagethecomplexitiesof theERGO. sectors butastheGeoparkgrowsitislikelythataGeodiversityOfficerwillberequired Initially thisworkcanbedelegatedamongstateamofindividualsdrawnfromdifferent The challengeofcoordinatingsuchawidevarietyactorscannotbeunder-estimated. sector. drink, sportandrecreationproviders,schoolscolleges,museumsthevoluntary hoteliers, visitorattractions,transportoperators,guidesandtourorganisers,food include localgovernment,governmentagencies,tourismdevelopmentandmarketing, people togetherinasharedunderstandingofthewayforward.Relevantsectors absolutely criticaltothesuccessofthisinitiative.Communicationiskeyinbringing This diversityanddensityofactivitymeansthatco-ordinationGeoparkis the futureofTorbay. draft_community_plan_2007-_2027.pdf) thatinvolvesthelocalcommunityinshaping unitary localgovernmentinTorbay CouncilandaCommunityPlan(www.torbay.gov.uk/ to makealivingfromthearea.Atsametimeareaisnowmanagedbysingle, and heritageand,asaresult,greatdiversityoforganisationsenterprisesaiming of population,someconsiderableareasdeprivation,agreatdiversitycommunity that sitsalongsidestrugglingmanufacturingandfishingsectors.Therearedenseareas Geopark someuniquecharacteristics.Oneoftheseisasignificanttourismeconomy The EnglishRivieraGeoparkhasanextensiveurbaninfrastructure,givingtheproposed 5 .21 5 .2 Brixham harbourside 12 The regionhasthreelarge towncentresandnumeroussmallvillagehighstreets. retailing 5 .23 the criteria of sustainability and responsible promotion of the Geopark. that its use is permitted only by agencies and organisations that fulfil Branding Co-ordination Governance issues 5 Paignton towncentre 5 Torre AbbeySands,Torquay 5 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 13 Waste disposal Waste 5 5 .3 .3 unwanted builders’ waste and domestic items, means is that illegal fly-tipping an increasing problem. Such tipping can bury scientifically important exposures, or inhibit access (landfill and effluent) there are no In Torbay waste disposal sites in disused quarries. Yet, on the part of a small number of residents and businesses, the high price of commercial waste disposal and a desire to rapidly dispose of Victoria Parade, Torquay Victoria Parade, 5 Site conservation issues Site conservation Coastal protection and flood defence Coastal protection and flood being closed to the public and the loss of residential property on land above being closed to the public and the Oddicombe beach coastal road is at risk, and at Oddicombe. Lack of partnership working and proper coastal road is at risk, and at Oddicombe. greatest risk to the management. Historically, understanding led to inappropriate from small local and typically private schemes coastal geological heritage came Torbay’s procedures. which ‘side-step’ the normal legal by erosion at sea level have led to the beach At Oddicombe beach cliff falls caused As a consequence of intensive development during the 60’s and 70’s, the majority of As a consequence of intensive development erosion have already been defended. There are, relatively soft deposits at risk from to lead to potentially a number of areas where coastal erosion has threatened however, the eastern end of Meadfoot beach, where the damaging works, most notably at are vulnerable to physical and chemical weathering leading to development of are vulnerable to physical and chemical the case of poorly on non-cemented sediments. scree and talus or even collapse, in lead to an can however the surface weathering of the limestones in Torbay Conversely, features such as fossil corals. Subsequently, enhancement of the visibility of internal to damage by abrasion or impact. the newly exposed features are vulnerable 5 .3 .2 5 .3 5 .3 .1 and vegetation growth natural degradation rate is high, sites ensures that vegetation growth of Torbay The mild, wet climate even inaccessible as a consequence. Exposures can quickly become covered and specimen retailing is not significant, but it significant, but it retailing is not specimen activity in the proposed is nonetheless an which ERGO will seek to Geopark and one licensing the use of the influence through ERG brand. Present amongst all the traditional high high traditional all the amongst Present jewellery are gift and street retailers of the large many Furthermore, retailers. have gift visitor establishments hotels and of geological The extent activity. retailing The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan agricultural operations.However conflictsofinterestbetweenthedifferent disciplines The dominantlyurbanenvironmentinTorbay, agriculturalandotherlandmanagementpractices meansthatthereislimitedrisk from 5 .3 coast eitherincorporatesorleadstoaneedforthe constructionofcoastaldefences. obvious linkstocoastalprotection,etc.(seeabove), wheredevelopmentclosetothe in disusedquarries,forinstanceatBartonQuarry and atLummaton.Therearealso especially theconstructionofindustrialestatesand housing/recreationalcomplexes Historically developmenthasbeenamajorissuefor earthheritagesitesinTorbay, e.g. partsoftheNapoleonicfort. Earth heritagefeaturesintheformofcavesystems,butalsodamagedcultural Head Quarryisalsoaclassicexampleofwherequarryingnotonlyremovedintegrity Bed’ (an‘integritydeposit’)andhigh,verticalfacesmakesafeaccessdifficult.Berry Lummaton Quarry, wherequarryingremovedmostofthefamous‘LummatonShell However thehistoricalconsequencesremain.Themostsignificantissuesareat Raised beachatHopes’sNose As Torbay hasnoworkingmineralssites,activequarryingislongeranissue. 5 .34 Countryside Trust staffonaregularbasis. other contaminatingmaterials.ManysiteshavetobepatrolledbyTorbay Coastand illegal campingandotheractivitiesfrequentlyleadtothespreadingofrubbish inconsiderate recreationaluse.AprimeexamplebeingHope’sNose,wherefishing, A significantissueatcertainsites,however, isthehealthandsafetyconsequencesof users isfortunatelyhistory. sewage outfallatHope’sNosehasnowbeenbypassed,thismajorhealthissueforsite Incidences ofeffluentdischargeaffectingcavesystemsappeartoberareandasthe the incidence. such astheperimeterfencearoundindustrialunitsatLummatonQuarry, havereduced extreme, rendersitesunusableforeducationalgroupwork.Constructionsofbarriers, to them.Itcanalsocreatesignificanthealthandsafetyissues,whichcan,inthe 14 communication andmutualunderstanding betweenrelevantlocal organisations, within theLocalBiodiversity ActionPlanhasenhancedgreaterawareness,improved caused concernandrequire constantmonitoring.TheinclusionofEarthHeritage within heritageprotection, geological,ecologicalandculturalhaveinthepast Mineral /aggregateextractionandrestorationofworkingsites 10 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 15 1 fossil colony to expand. 5 .3 .6 overuse or misuse significant remaining One of the most of sites where threats to a key group features are fossils the key geological and minerals, are third party collecting can activities. In the extreme, this activity of lead to the virtual removal of sections to the geological sites, as has happened gold-bearing deposits of Hope’s Nose. have In the latter case, illegal collectors used rock saws to extract mineral-bearing calcite veins from the Devonian , especially corals and stromatoporoids, by visitors walking or climbing over key exposures. Attempts to collect these faunas by inexperienced persons would also be extremely destructive. all restricted access. A more significant issue, however, especially where sites are to be promoted for public access, could be the abrasion of beautifully etched-out fossils, caving, although neither of these activities are believed to be currently a significant as limestone rock-faces issue in Torbay are relatively robust and the main cave Carvern and Brixham are systems at Kents marked decrease in the availability of fossil material and whereas, for instance, large marked decrease in the availability solitary corals were once common, they are now relatively rare. Other non-geologically inspired recreational activities can also occasionally damage geosites, such as climbing and specimen collecting can also inadvertently lead to a loss of geological resource at other specimen collecting can also inadvertently south of Berry instance St. Mary’s Bay, erosion. For sites, if the rate of removal outstrips of fossil corals and shells, which weather out Head, has long been noted as a source limited and Erosion at the site is, however, of early Middle Devonian slaty mudrocks. after a period of beach-tumbling of scree material. fossils only typically become visible in the bay over the last 20 years or so has led to a As a result, the collection of fossils Kidney Vetch condition with most of the accessible sections of its leaving the site in a badly damaged removed. This material has been sold via catalogues, internationally important deposits but Nose is a nationally extreme case, however, mineral fairs and web sites. Hope’s of common Kidney Vetch at Lummaton Quarry during a routine inspection of the a routine inspection Quarry during at Lummaton Kidney Vetch of common geological SSSI. of the rare Small Blue is the food-plant for caterpillars Kidney Vetch Devon site. Subsequent visits was previously recorded at only one Butterfly which butterfly and follow-up scrub- largest known colony of the revealed the county’s but has also has enabled the only improved geological exposure clearance has not ensuring ongoing appropriate management. In the future, the maintenance and and maintenance the In the future, management. appropriate ongoing ensuring essential to will be and international local, national of new partnerships, development efforts. conservation was the discovery Torbay from benefits of collaboration example of the An excellent The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan Coastal walkers or otherspecialistpurpose. business visitorsand,particularly, toattractthosevisitingwithaspecificactivity, leisure broader baseandlongerseasonofvisitorsincludingthosecomingforshortbreaks, recognising theneedforanewdirectioninTorbay’s tourismoffertoattractamuch Redirecting T directly toGeopark-relatedactivities.Thefollowingextractsarefromthisstrategy: the VisitorOfferandLeisureEconomy. Severalthemesareidentifiedthatlink One ofthekeythemesTorbay’s EconomicRegenerationFramework istoreposition Head andTorquay Museum. sites forthegeoparkareKents Cavern,SeashoreCentre(GoodringtonBeach),Berry Countryside Trust, Torquay Museum,Kents Cavernandseveralschools.Key gateway there isgreatscopeforfurtherdevelopment.Key partnersincludeTorbay Coastand Existing geotourismandeducationactivityinTorbay isalreadywell-establishedbut demand betterinformationaboutandaccesstotheheritageofareatheytravelto. to assistineconomicregenerationwithawidespreadrecognitionthatmodernvisitors Development strategiesfortheareanowincludeuseofarea’snaturalassets Community Plan,residentsplaced“A GreenTorbay” atthetopoftheirlistpriorities. enjoys. Inconsultationscarriedoutin2006towardsthepreparationofTorbay The communityinTorbay isveryawareofthesuperbnaturalsettingthatit 8% Kents Cavern. Thesefiguresarefromatotalvisitorpopulationofaround1.5m. on theCoastPath; 27%visitedCockingtonCountryPark; 12%visitedBerryHeadand example in2003asurveybySouthWest Tourism showedthat44%ofvisitorswalked of Torbay, andnaturalattractions,playamajorpartinthetypicaltourist’svist.For tourism asamainpriority. Surveysoftouristbehaviourshowthattheenvironment employment inTorbay andtheeconomicdevelopmentstrategyforTorbay identifies Tourism isalreadyTorbay’s largesteconomicsector, supportingapproximately25%of 5 .4 damage. trampling by erosion to vulnerable also are climate mild and limestones Torbay’s with associated species plant calcareous rare nationally the Coincidentally, 16 Geoeducation andGeotourismmanagementissues 5 orbay’s tourismofferforgreatervaluetotheeconomy 5 Coast pathatBerryHead : 5 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 17 5 maritime, environmental Cruise ship providing activity based rather than providing activity based rather than attracting visitors who come to participate to participate come who visitors attracting orbay’s culture and heritage: 5 otential of T supporting the agreed Culture and Heritage strategies which seek to capture the supporting the agreed Culture and economic benefits of those two areas. and other leisure development opportunities are based around Torbay’s unique are based around Torbay’s and other leisure development opportunities are areas that culture and heritage of Torbay maritime and coastal heritage. The and that can be cultivated for further growth. contribute strongly to the economy heritage, culture and the arts and sports and The focus should be on the maritime Investing in leisure for visitors and residents: Investing in leisure for visitors more joint marketing and develop other facilities location based tourism. Carry out Cavern to be a Zoo / Living Coasts / Kents Paignton with an environmental theme (eg and learning/studying stays). The strategy supports base for ‘hands-on’ exploration, complements the environmental theme which the bid for ‘Geopark’ status for Torbay strongly. Securing the P Maritime Strategy is available at www.torbay.gov.uk/maritimestrategy.doc Strategy is available Maritime harbour Pleasure boats at Brixham eading the way: the Leading – Leisure Maritime Torbay’s the quality of based on specialist activities, leisure or other in a specific other watersports. sailing, diving and activities – for marine leisure environment The festivals and events. as the basis for maritime heritage also an important There is The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 6 .3 6 .2 6 .1 excellent andisbaseduponthesekeyattributes: The potentialforfurtherdevelopmentofgeo-tourismandgeo-educationinTorbay is thepotntialforfurthr 6. 18 development ofthGopark Geotourism Infrastructure Site management n n n n n n n n n Geopark. to theGeopark,holdinginformation andstagingexhibitionsaboutthe The TICs,museumsandother culturalsiteswilldevelopasGateway archaeological collections. (Torquay) hasinternationallysignificantgeological and Cultural Partnership. One ofthesemuseums sites andresources,co-ordinatedthroughthe A networkofmuseumsandothercultural others. and the Torbay Hospitality Association amongst through the English Riviera Attractions Partnership The business sector is closely integrated in this work, gov.uk/index/liesure/tourism/tourism_strategy.htm). three Tourist Information Centres (TICs) (www.torbay. international marketing skills and resources including A dynamic Tourist Board with national and car asthemainmodeoftransportforvisitors. sustainability inthetourismsectorandareducingrelianceonprivate spaces, parking).Future developmentplansinclude agreateremphasison An excellenttouristinfrastructureexistswithveryhighcapacity(eghotel as well as a busy regional airport at . An excellent public transport network (buses, ferries, trains) serves the area, Trust isresponsibleformanagementofthistrail. UK’s longesttrail),linksthemaingeosites.Torbay CoastandCountryside An excellentfootpathnetwork,includingtheSouthWest CoastPath (the the area. A strongmanagementpartnership(ERGO)includesallofthekeyplayersin national recognitionforthequalityofitsconservationwork. other managers/owners.Torbay CoastandCountrysideTrust hasreceived organisation (Torbay CoastandCountrysideTrust) withstronglinksto Management ofthemajoritygeositesiscarriedoutthroughasingle access tosomeofthesesites. robust andcanacceptvisitorpressures.Thereispotentialtoimprove majority beingopentothepublic.Thegeologyofthesesitesisgenerally Good distributionofgeositesthroughoutthearea,overwhelming

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 19 6 The Coastlands partnership co- for ordinates outdoor leisure activities schools, based at two outdoor activity in centres, with a third centre opening 2007. Encouraging further visits by Cruise students and language liners, Foreign International visitors is part of Torbay’s and Geopark development strategy, status will be used to reinforce this work A network of volunteer Geo-Rangers will assist the Geopark Officer in the future. n n n Hopes Nose gold, Torquay Musuem Hopes Nose gold, Torquay by schools visiting Torbay from elsewhere by schools visiting Torbay in the country. 1 A high level of existing educational activity organised by staff skilled in A high level of existing educational and college field visits to geosites are environmental education; school further developed; much of this activity is already in action and ready to be Coast World Heritage Jurassic Coast World World Site; Cornish Mining Devon Heritage Site; North Biosphere). geological trail existing existing geotourism activity: one A growing level of cruises growing in development for 2007; geological and a second one and popularity. walks also growing in number year on year; guided eg: activities under the Geopark banner, High potential to expand existing scuba-diving; rock-climbing. cycle-routes and tours; canoeing; Existing programmes of programmes Existing and events, interpretation and guides with experienced event organisers links with other Growing with neighbouring areas (eg related designations n n n n n A ranger from Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust Coast A ranger from Torbay The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan A381 Totnes From 7 .1 7. 20 Stoke Gabriel Site No . 4 3 2 1 (not withinSSSI) Proposed CGS CGS and GCRsites Geological SSSI K ey: Berry HeadtoSharkhamPoint Barton Quarry Barcombe MewsQuarry, Shorton (No.421, SX929655) Babbacombe Cliffs:MarineDevonian SITE nameandGCRreference Marldon Abbotskerswell Geology Site Map T able HeadingK River Dart A380

PAIGNTON

Clennon Valley Newton Abbot, Exeter andM5 Whiterock Cockington Goodrington

2 From

A380 A3022 Preston A380 PAIGNTON

A385 Kingskerswel

From Dartmouth ey: Galmpton

14 A379 A: InterpretationB:GeoeducationC:GeotourismD:No A: Shiphay Cadewell 7 A379 27 Goodrington ViaCarFerry

Paignton

Chelston A3022 Paignton A379 Sands A379 9 TORQUAY Sands Preston TORRE Pier l Sands Salte CHURSTON Cov Broadsands C rn e 28 11 SX937546 SX937568, SX947565, SX930655 SX928662 to Grid ref SSSI Hillhead 29,30 Hollicombe CHURSTON Churston Elberry Ferrers Cove Beach Upton POINT 22 Torre Livermead Sands Corbyn 3 Sands Maidencombe Sands Abbey Torre

15 Watcombe A379 A379A37 37 B3198 St. Marychurch Torquay Marina

B3205 10 B3202

A3022 A379 Ellacombe Babbacombe Furzeham From Teignmouth 13 Fishcombe 26

Beach 0 B3199

Wellswood B3199 B3205 Daddyhole Cove 8 6 Breakwater The Brixham A379 St. Mary's Marina 20 24 Harbour Proposed Proposed SX86SE1 CGS Watcombe Beach 12 The Oddicombe Beach P Pe Babbacombe Beach T et tit i t BRIXHAM s y Maidencombe Beach MeadfootMea ORQ T T Beach M or Beach s or 1.25 ackerel Cov ackerel Herring Cov Herring Pool &Beach B Shoalstone THATCHER ROCK eac St. Mary's 1 23 Kms Bay h 4,31,32 SHARKHAM Ansteys Cove UA Redgate e POINT 1 e Beach Mile THATCHER BERRY POINT HEAD Y HOPE' NOSE 3 A 18,19,21 5,6,17, S 3 B 3 3 C 3 3 D The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan D 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 21 C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Proposed Proposed Proposed Ref:SX96SE1 Proposed Ref:SX95NW1 Ref:SX85SE1 Proposed Ref:SX96NW1 Proposed Proposed Ref:SX85NE1 Proposed CGS SX937568, SX947565, SX937546 SX937568, SX947565, SX937546 SX944628 SX932654 to SX944633 and SX944628 SX934641 SX932654 to SX944633 and SX944628 SX912665 SX934633 SX9353, SX6575 SX928662 to SX930655 SX898601 SX895585 SX895585 SX932654 to SX932654 and SX944633 SX944628 SX927628 SX922628 SX932654 to SX944633 and SX944628 SX932654 to SX944633 and SX944628 SX932654 to SX944633 and SSSI ref Grid R reference and GC SITE name Shoalstone: Permian- (No 1494, (No 1494, Shoalstone: Permian-Triassic , SX934568, SX939568) Saltern Cove: Marine Devonian (No 424, SX89555880 to SX89655805) (No Triassic Saltern Cove: Permian 1503, SX894591to SX896586) Sharkham Iron Mine Oddicombe: Permian-Triassic (No 1496, (No 1496, Oddicombe: Permian-Triassic SX927660) Maidencombe Petitor, Cockington Quarry, Quarry Woods (No Triassic Roundham Head: Permian 1504, SX896603, SX894598) Lummaton Quarry: Marine Devonian (No 471, SX912665) Meadfoot Sea Rd: Marine Devonian (No 422, SX934633) New Cut: Marine Devonian (No 429, SX93526375) Kents Cavern: of SW Cavern: Quaternary of SW Kents England (No 1312, SX935641) Long Quarry: Marine Devonian (No 420, SX937651) SX949636) Hopes Nose and Thatcher Rock: Hopes Nose South Hollicombe Head to Corbyns Head Hill: Marine Hopes Nose to Wall’s Devonian (No 426, Hopes Nose, SX948635) Hopes Nose: Mineralogy of SW England (No 1725, Hopes Nose, Crystal Cove Devonian (No 425, Daddyhole: Marine SX928628) Devonian (No Dyers Quarry: Marine 468, SX921628) Goodrington Quarry and Road Cutting Breakwater Quarry, Brixham Quarry, Breakwater Churston Ferrers Brokenbury Quarry, Brixham Cavern Chapel Hill, Torre Point Churston Cove / Churston Black Head and Anstey’s Cove Black Head 6 7 8 9 5 32 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 22 23 24 20 21 18 19 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 10 No . Site The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan Geological mapofTorquay andsurroundingarea 7 .2 22 Conglomerate; Permian Geological maptotheT

Devonian Staddon formation Limestone Grey slate Purple &greenslate 11 orquay (350)sheet L Dev M&UDev M&UDev UDev Fault thrust Igneous rocks Dartmouth group Meadfoot group L Dev L Dev The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 23

Due to plate tectonics, 390 million years ago, was nowhere near Torbay its current position but was located south of the Bathed in shallow equator. tropical seas teeming with exotic marine life, massive coral reefs developed, but not quite like those of These were built today. of hard coral-like sponges known as stromatoporoids, with true corals growing in clumps inbetween. Sheltered lagoons behind 8 simple explanation explanation - A simple Geology orbay’s . beginning from the principal periods of geological time, fossils found in the limestones at sites in Torbay, at sites in Torbay, principal periods of geological time, fossils found in the limestones made an important contribution to understanding what such as Lummaton Quarry, As a result a period was happening on Earth from around 409-363 million years ago. used globally to of geological time named the Devonian was proposed and was soon The deposits of these tropical seas and the animals and plants that thrived in them accumulated to form the pale, hard limestones which dominate and Torquay Brixham today - they even dictate the very shape ofitself Torbay as they form the headlands of both Hope’s Nose and Berry Head. of naming the In the early 18th century when scientists were developing a system An interpretation of Torbay’s coral reef, based on coral reef, An interpretation of Torbay’s fossil evidence, artwork by Brin Edwards the reefs were often full of clam-like brachiopod shells and woodlice-like place occupied scurried by looking for a meal. Fish had yet to take over the seas, their ammonoids. by shelled relatives of modern squids, including some of the first coiled rising; millennia of volcanic action, earthquakes and unbelievable pressures contorting rising; millennia of volcanic action, the very rock itself. The earth’s crust moves across the mantle in great sections, known as plates. The The earth’s crust moves across the relative to each great sections constantly moving plates fit together like a giant jigsaw, plate tectonics, this Known as per year. other at a rate of a couple of centimetres colliding as they move from one side of the globe process is responsible for continents altering and mountains oceans opening and closing, sea levels dramatically to another, the central core, whilst the coolest, lightest and thinnest part of the earth is the outer part of the earth is the outer whilst the coolest, lightest and thinnest the central core, layer known as the mantle, capable In between the two exists a thick the crust. layer, solid rock. The movement of though it is comprised of mostly of movement, even on the Earth’s surface since its to the changes that have occurred the mantle is key formation. geological processes in operation from the very beginning helps to explain why the helps to explain very beginning from the processes in operation geological around us today is how it is. geology we find 4600 million years ago, the internal part of the Solar System around Having formed as and particles in concentric is composed of condensed gases structure of the earth the densest part of the earth is high temperature and pressure, layers. At extremely 7 .3 t is on solid ground we are standing our view that scheme of things In the grand of an understanding and out, and both inside The Earth is dynamic deceptive. The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan a period of 64 million years between the Devonian and the Permian.boundary, All of the an rocksunconformity, laid represents the time interval lyingof the on whole top ofof thethe irregular,Carboniferous, eroded surface of the foldedafter Devonian the Variscanrocks. This Orogeny irregular the Permian deposits remain undeformed,– dig agently hole anddipping wait bedsuntil the cool of the night time to come out!10 cm Asacross they inwere stony deposited wadi deposits may indicate a survival strategyable tofor survive a primitive in these reptile Permian deserts, although near Goodringtonrapidly strange sank intoburrows the upparched to rocky and sandy ground. Very littlestones seemed and rocks to have down been desert valleys known as wadis onto the plainon eitherwhere theside. water Extreme, violent storms caused ‘flash-floods’ inPaignton the mountains, lay in sweepinga broad depression with jagged, mountainous ridges of limestone and slates south andeastDevontoday. irons intherocks,turningthemred–andthisintensecolourstillstainssoilsof that coveredmostofBritainandEurope.Thisdesertwassohotitoxidizedthe 30o northoftheequatorandwasswelteringinintenseheataSahara-likedesert During thetimeperiodknownasPermian, 280millionyearsago,Torbay layonly limestones oftheDownsattop! down, andthedarkslatesatbottomofcliffareactuallyyoungerthanpale pushed northwardsbythecollision.AtBabbacombetheywereeventurnedupside the rocksofTorbay. Sediments werefoldedandfracturedastheycrumpled Needless tosay, caughtinthemiddle,thiseventhadaveryfundamentaleffecton Republic andbeyond. was joinedtoEuropeatthetime),throughCornwallandDevonBelgium,Czech vast mountainchain.ThesemountainsstretchedfromeasternNorthAmerica(which continents, pilingthemup,duringatimeknownastheVariscan Orogeny, toforma all thesedimentsthathadbeenlaiddowninseasonceseparatedtwo known asAfricaandEurope)tocrashintooneanother. Intensepressuressqueezed Around 300millionyearsagoplatetectonicmovementscausedareasofland(now stone canbeseeninlocalbuildingsandtheseawalls. identify rocksandfossilswithasimilarage.Massivelyquarried,muchofthefossilised A recumbentfold 24 The endofthePermian sawthelargestevermass extinction;96%ofallmarinespecies accessible at Waterside Cove in Paignton. were laid on top. The is evident at various sitesdown around during the theBay Carboniferousbut is easily were removed by erosion before the Permian deposits 1 Corals atTriangle Point 1 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 25 6 Beatrix Potter at cave entrance to Kents Cavern, 1893 at cave entrance to Kents Beatrix Potter 6 From tropical seas to arid desert, Torbay’s past has certainly been varied, its geology tropical seas to arid desert, Torbay’s From creating the beautiful coastline of today. William Pengelly sea level during interglacial periods, including at Hope’s Nose and Thatcher Rock, sea level during interglacial periods, Elsewhere, cold stage deposits include periglacial loess and head (soil and Torquay. levels after the end stones transported down-slope due to soil movements). Rising sea of which can of the last ice age drowned parts of coastal woodlands, the remains occasionally be seen at low tide on certain beaches. Torquay in the late nineteenth century. His excavation of Kents Cavern between 1865 Cavern between His excavation of Kents in the late nineteenth century. Torquay recording and proved that man had lived and 1880 set new standards in archaeological In the late 19th century this conclusion was not with animals that were now extinct. his work proved conclusive. widely accepted but the detail of well developed, formed during periods of high On the coast raised beaches are locally Head, whilst freshwater streams carved out caves in the limestone. Several caves Head, whilst freshwater streams carved rich deposits of ice age and interglacial mammal in the district are famous for their tusked elephant, narrow nosed rhinoceros, bones including mammoth, straight bison, cave bear, European sabre toothed tiger, woolly rhinoceros, hyena, cave lion, some human remains as well as tools dating back hippopotamus, horse, reindeer and extensively excavated the caves at Brixham and nearly 450,000 years. William Pengelly known as the Quaternary, started 1.6 million years ago and continues to the present started 1.6 million years ago and continues known as the Quaternary, vegetation. During The warm periods saw hippopotami munching on abundant day. would rest of the country was locked in ice, Torbay the cold periods, whilst most of the have experienced tundra conditions. cut the high level marine platform of Berry Relatively high sea levels at this time Torquay, the former characteristically forming small, delicate feather-like crystals. Very Very crystals. feather-like forming small, delicate the former characteristically Torquay, these deposits unique in are also present, together making rare selenium minerals within Europe. Britain and possibly Britain has been subjected moved close to its present position, having More recently, sea levels fluctuated. This period, divided by warm periods when to repeated ice ages apparently produced a significant deposit of low-grade iron ore in the limestone ore in the limestone of low-grade iron deposit produced a significant apparently commercially Discovered in 1842 the ore was and Sharkham Point. plateaus at Brixham of anti-corrosion paint by the and for the use in the manufacture mined for smelting of of fluids led to the formation established in 1895. Another suite Co Bay Paint Tor limestones of Hope’s Nose, veins in the Devonian thin gold and palladium-bearing and 75% of all land vertebrates families were wiped out! The dinosaurs arose from arose dinosaurs The wiped out! were families all land vertebrates 75% of and exists for which the evidence period, Triassic survived into the of life that the remnants Coast. along the Jurassic eastward hydrothermal fluids low temperature Triassic Permian point during the At some The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 7 .4 26 locality. [Torbay High: Torquay LimestoneFormation, BartonMember] significance. Limitedaccessmakesthesiteprimarilya research ratherthaneducational Member oftheTorquay LimestoneFormation, andthereforehasregionallithostratigraphical palaeontological importance.Crucially, itisalsoeffectivelythetypelocalityofBarton of richlateMiddleDevonianfaunasandhasthepotentialtoyieldadditionalmaterial Reasons forproposalasaIGSsites: uppermost varcustolowerassymetricusbiozoneage(UpperGivetian). being particularlyabundant.Theexposureshavealsoyieldedconodontfaunasconfirmingan exposures showrichcoral-stromatoporoidassemblages,withthetabulateThamnopora including variedbrachiopods,bivalves,gastropods,trilobitesandrareammonoids.Current has yieldedarichfauna,notdissimilartothatfromthebetterknownLummatonQuarry, Limestone Formation, andeffectivelyformsthetypelocalityofunit.Inpastsite development, stillshowsimportantexposuresofthebioclasticBartonMemberTorquay Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: Proposed CGS/RIGS Designations: Barton Quarry Site Name: composition of the rock fragments found in the breccias of the Torbay district.” educational use by younger children. The site also demonstrates the variation in proportion and the Permian breccias of the Torbay area in a safe and accessible situation particularly suitable for R flow. Minorfaultingcanbeseen.” coarse gravelmatrix.Traces ofcross-beddingindicateanapproximatelyE-W depositional rounded clastsofsandstone,limestone.Quartzandslate,setinabedded,well-cemented, Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: CGS /RIGS Designations: Barcombe MewsQuarry Site Name: deeper waterconditionsrepresentedbytheBabbacombeShales.” the markedfacieschangefromahigh-energy, reefenvironmentoftheBartonLimestone to the richlyfossiliferousBartonLimestone.Thissectionisofgreatinterestindemonstrating inverted anddisplaysinterestingstructuralfeatures,thebestaccessiblesectionthrough Shales, whichhaveyieldedarichgoniatitefaunaofearlyFrasnian age.Thecliffsectionis GCR (No.421) Designations: Babbacombe cliffs Site Name: GCR StatementofInterest: easons for registration as a Site designationsandgeological/ geomorphological features

“ThislocalityincludesthetypesectionofBabbacombe Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: R IGS sites: 2 1 3 Thesiteisofkeyhistoricalimportanceasasource “The site provides an excellent clean exposure of “Permian brecciawithlargeangulartosub- [Provisional]Theoldquarry, nowoccupiedby Notapplicable BabbacombeCliffsSSSI BerryHeadtoSharkhamPoint SSSI

GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: Permian-Triassic Marine Devonian Marine Devonian

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 27

Marine Devonian, Mineralogy, Mineralogy, Marine Devonian, of south- structures Variscan Quaternary of west England, England, Caves south-west and Karst. block / key theme: block GCR

The Devonian limestones of Berry Berry Head to Sharkham Point SSSI Point Berry Head to Sharkham 4 Associated SSSI: No: Site The cliffs on the south side of Berry Head show spectacular structures The cliffs on the south side of Berry The area is of prime importance for Middle Devonian stratigraphy The coastline and adjacent disused quarries between Sharkham Point Point adjacent disused quarries between Sharkham The coastline and

Geological / geomorphological features: [Provisional] Geological / geomorphological lithostratigraphical members: The Sharkham Point Member and Berry Head Member of lithostratigraphical members: The Sharkham Point Accessible the former formation and the St. Mary’s Bay Member of the Nordon Formation. give the site a high exposures, in particular in St Mary’s Bay and around Shoalstone Point Brixham Limestone educational value in addition to its scientific importance. [Brixham High: Member; Nordon Formation, Member and Berry Head including Sharkham Point Formation, St. Mary’s Bay Member] an ancient storm deposit. Reasons for proposal as a RIGS sites: Marine Devonian: the development of carbonate facies associated with the showing and sedimentology, and three ‘Brixham High’. It includes stratotypes for the Brixham Limestone Formation the caves is also typical of passage development at the boundary between fresh and saline the caves is also typical of passage development Uranium series waters. Cave sediments are extensive and speleothems have been dated using the caves. methods, indicating ages between around 107,000 and 332,000 years for where most of the caves have been Shoalstone Beach, to the west of Berry Head Quarry, clearly related to the intermediate recorded, includes a raised beach platform at +8.5 m O.D., suggesting deposit cobble a by marked is beach The Head. Berry on development cave of level D1folds refolded by steeply inclined D2 folds. D1folds refolded by steeply inclined D2 and Karst:Quaternary of south-west England,Caves of caves with associated deposits, some of which lie Head include a remarkably sequence –15 OD to +29 OD. The caves provide a unique record below present sea-level, ranging form of horizontal passage development, at –2 to +2 m, +5 of marine transgression with 3 levels to former sea level stands. The morphology of to 9 m and 22 to 29 m OD, clearly related Berry Head itself, its type locality, which, although locally showing signs of tectonic distortion, which, although locally showing its type locality, Berry Head itself, and stromatoporoid rich levels indicating a reef- includes a range of facies including bioclastic like biogenic bank complex. Structural geology: revealing of the Brixham Limestone Formation, in the Middle Devonian, Berry Head Member include gently inclined, northward verging, tight several phases of deformation. These limestones with abundant stromatoporoids. The Berry Head limestone sequence is then limestones with abundant stromatoporoids. mudrocks of the St. Mary’s Bay Member of the interrupted by a wedge of dark slaty locality - St. Mary’s Bay itself (late Eifelian-late ), which at its type Nordon Formation limestone with a shelly fauna including brachiopods, – includes thin seams and lenticles of and cephalopods. Carbonate sedimentation resumes small solitary corals and rare trilobites well exposed around the Limestone Formation, with the Berry Head Member of the Brixham and Shoalstone Point on the north-west side of Berry Head, show a key section through on the north-west side of Berry Head, and Shoalstone Point including stratotypes for the of the Middle Devonian ‘Brixham High’, the changing facies and the Limestone Formation Berry Head members of the Brixham and Sharkham Point (early- Member The Sharkham Point of the Nordon Formation. St. Mary’s Bay Member with thin beds of shelly crinoidal type locality includes slaty mudstones mid Eifelian) at its tuff to thin bedded upwards through levels with interbedded passing limestone below, Designations: Proposed CGS / RIGS Marine Devonian: Name: Site to Sharkham Point Berry Head The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 28 more argillaceousandrepresent bedding.Crinoidstemfragmentsandtracesofburrows in light pinkishgrey, partly dolomitisedlimestone.Moststronglyfoliatedlayersareprobably Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: CGS /RIGS Designations: Brokenbury Quarry Site Name: mesh topreventfallsofsmallermaterial.” in thelimestone;alsoengineeringapplicationofrockbolts tostabilisefacesandtheuseof notable. Otherusefulaspectsincludedstructuralfeaturesandsolutionfissureswithflowstone sandstone andlimestonefragmentinfilling.Theverticalextentofthefissureisparticularly of pre-Permian solutionfissuresintheDevonianlimestone(palaeokarst)withlater, Permian, Reasons for registration as a association withsteelmeshtopreventfallsofsmallerrockfragments.” applications includetheuseofrockboltsforlargescalestabilisationfacesin fissures inthelimestoneareassociatedwithcoatingsofflowstone.Engineeringgeological angular limestonefragmentsinplaces,someoflargesize.Pleistocene/Holocenesolution is penetratedbydeepnarrowfissuresfilledwithbrown Permiansandstonewhichcontains seen inplacesdipsabout20°NW. Thelimestone hasanirregularpalaeokarstsurfaceand and micriticbutbioclasticinpart.Beddingisobscure,thedipsteeptoSE.Cleavage Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: CGS /RIGS Designations: Breakwater Quarry Site Name: educational useinAnstey’sCove. igneous rocksintheTorbay district,whicharereadilyaccessibleandthereforesuitablefor Reasons forproposalasaCGS/IGSsites: Cornwall. or sub-alkalinebasaltsofawithin-plateOceanIslandtype,aselsewhereinDevonand Formation. Theintrusionsareassociatedwithbasictuffsandbelievedtobetypicalofalkaline Cove, wheremicrogabbros(‘dolerite’)areintrudedintotheUpperDevonianSalternCove of intrusiveigneousrocksintheTorbay districtarebetweenBlackHeadandAnstey’s Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: Proposed CGS/RIGS Designations: Black HeadandAnsteysCove Site Name: is limitedbyhealthandsafetyconsiderationstooviewingopeningsformasafedistance. development. Thescientificvalueofthesiteispotentiallynational,althougheducationaluse in thePlymouthlimestoneareeitherinaccessibleorhavenowbeenlargelydestroyedby similar featuresrelatedtocavedevelopmentundertheinfluenceofchangesinsea-level Quaternary ofsouth-westEngland,CavesandKarst: are some of the most dramatic and important structural features in the district. site can be incorporated into educational visits to the headland. The features exposed, however, the south side of the Berry Head Fort, although binoculars are recommended. In this way the Structural geology: are exposedinthreedimensions.” earlier foliation.Thesefolds havebeenpartlyexcavated,possiblyforresearchpurposes and the westsideofquarry upright foldsabout1minamplitudewithaNStrend,deform the foliated layers.Ontheeast side ofthequarryfoliation/beddingdipisabout10° SW. On

Although not easily accessible, these spectacular folds can be viewed form Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: RIGS sites: 5 7 6 “The quarry provides an excellent demonstration [Provisional]Theonlysignificantoutcrops “MiddleDevonianlimestone.Foliated, micritic, “MiddleDevonianlimestone,mainlymassive Theonlysignificantoutcropsofintrusive Hope’sNosetoWalls HillSSSI Notapplicable Notapplicable Thesiteisuniqueintheregion,and GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: England Igneous rocksofsouth-west west England Variscan Structuresofsouth- Permian-Triassic

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 29

Marine Devonian Quaternary of south-west Quaternary of south-west England and Pleistocene Vertebrata Permian-Triassic GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Brixham Cavern is a key historical site in Brixham Cavern is a key historical site [Provisional] Quaternary: Brixham Cavern is [Provisional] Quaternary: “Roadside exposure of Permian breccia “Roadside exposure of Permian [Provisional] Cliff and foreshore exposures “The site demonstrates the palaeotopographical “The site demonstrates the palaeotopographical “The main interest of the quarry lies in the later lies in the the quarry of main interest “The The area is of regional stratigraphical importance 10 8 9 Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Site No: Associated SSSI: Associated SSSI:

Proposed CGS / RIGS

as the type locality of the Churston Member of the Brixham Limestone Formation, and makes as the type locality of the Churston Member of the Brixham Limestone Formation, gives the site the final stages of carbonate sedimentation on the Brixham High. Accessibility of the sequence educational value, especially when studied in association with the lower part to Berry Head CGS (proposed). [Brixham of the Brixham High, within the Sharkham Point (including Churston Member)] High: Brixham Limestone Formation between Churston Cove and Broad Sands show a thrust-bounded section through the between Churston Cove and Broad Sands show a thrust-bounded section the highest division of the Berry Head Limestone Formation, Churston Member (), thinly bedded and constitute the stratotype for the unit. Slaty mudstones interbedded with stromatoporoid- crinoidal limestones and tuffs pass upwards into medium to massive bedded rich limestones, in part dolomitised. Reasons for proposal as a RIGS sites: Site Name: Churston Cove / Churston Point Designations: CGS / RIGS Geological / geomorphological features: stromatoporoids.” Reasons for registration as a RIGS sites: and the underlying Devonian limestone. The breccia relationship between the Permian There is considerable excellent breccia exposure on Newton Road is very accessible for study. potential for development as a valuable educational resource.” possible granitic fragments, also occur. Some limestone clasts contain fossil corals. Bedding Some possible granitic fragments, also occur. indicates depositional flow from the north. Minor traces have a 5° N dip, and imbrication above and to the east of the breccia Outcrops of Middle Devonian limestone faults occur. possibly controlled by faulting, by Permian palaeotopography, demonstrate the infilling of generally massively bedded and bioclastic,with a dip the younger breccia. The limestone is Cleaner exposure lies beside paths at the top of the hill show corals and of 60°-70° WSW. Site Name: Chapel Hill Designations: Geological / geomorphological features: of Devonian limestone, together with some containing angular to sub-rounded clasts in a matrix of red sandy gravel. Rare chert, and sandstone, volcanic and quartz fragments, amongst other remains. IGS sites: Reasons for proposal as a CGS / R rich Pleistocene vertebrate faunas. Access is currently restricted and a former source of Torbay, likely to be primarily for research purposes. the cave is privately owned – use is therefore Designations: Proposed CGS / RIGS features: Geological / geomorphological remains, indicating an assemblage source of Pleistocene vertebrate a historically important a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Cavern. The site is from Kent’s similar to that known in 1858 and subsequently as a show cave. The cave was discovered was formerly operated cave lion, hyaena, bear, woolly rhinoceras, deer, excavated, yielding mammoth, horse, Site Name: Brixham Cavern RIGS sites: as a for registration Reasons time. exposed at the present particularly well foliation, and are deform the early folds, which quarry face provides exposures. The main seen in inland structures are seldom Later fold are related the laterfolds and lithology to which earlier structure of the nature of the evidence of the district.” interpretation the overall structural and can assist The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 30 Reasons forregistrationas aCGS/RIGSsites: considered tobearecumbentanticline.” Possible faultsandPermian sandstone-filledfissuresvisible.The successionasawholeis occur. Roadcuttingwestside:Detailedexaminationdifficultbecauseofinaccessibility. end. Possible low-anglefault/thrustalongbeddingplane.Permian sandstone-filledfissures fossils occur. Thegeneraldipisabout20°N,withveryopen,uprightfolds,atthe southern and dolomitised,interbeddedwithmicriticlimestone.Stromatoporoids, coralsandother crystals andstromatoporoids.Roadcuttingeastside:Limestone beds,mainlythicklybedded area: Partly dolomitised,light-greylimestonewithslickensided fault-planesurfaces,calcite Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: Designations: Road Cutting Goodrington Quarryand Site Name: to thesubstrate.” example insouthDevon,andlateralchangescoralgrowthspeciesdistributionrelated of particularinterestinshowingthepresencecoralstheirpositiongrowth,best observed inthequarryfaceandalsoonbeddingplanesfloor. Thislocalityis at thetypesection,Daddyhole.Thereisarichfaunadominatedbycoralswhichcanbe upper horizonsoftheDaddyholeLimestone(lateEifelian);whicharenotexposed Designations: Dyers Quarry Site Name: units arewell-displayedinalargerecumbentfold.” interpreting thepalaeoecologyofMiddleDevonianlimestonesTorbay area.These of shalesandlimestonesindicatelocalfaciesvariationsinthelateEifelian,important uncommon featureintheTorquay Limestone.InDaddyholeCoveanalternatingsequence is well-exposed,andthelimestonesarenoteworthyincontainingdesiccationcracks,avery Limestone anddisplayswellthecharactersofthiscarbonateunit.Thereisarichfaunawhich Designations: Daddyhole Site Name: proximity toBroadsandsandSalternCove. Although damagedbymineralcollectors,thefeatureisofeducationalvalue,especiallydueits calcite maybeuniqueintheregionandisawell-knowngeologicalfeaturedistrict. Reasons forproposalasaCGS/IGSsites: Brixham LimestoneFormation fromsandstonesoftheTorbay BrecciaFormation. a majorfluidpathway. ThefaultzoneseparatestheGoodringtonLimestone Member ofthe associated witharemarkable25mwidezonecrystallinecalcite–indicatingthepresenceof includes awellknownexposureofrelativelylate(i.e.post-Variscan) north-southfaultzone, Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: CGS /RIGS Designations: Crystal Cove Site Name: valuable educationalresource.” been previouslydocumented. Thereisconsiderablepotentialforfuturedevelopment asa accessible toallinterestgroups, showsavaluablerangeofgeologicalfeatureswhich have GCR StatementofInterest: GCR StatementofInterest:

CGS/RIGS GCR (No: 468) GCR (No: 425) Proposed

“Dyer’sQuarryexposesthebestsectionsavailableof “ThissiteincludesthetypesectionofDevonianDaddyhole Associated SSSI: Associated SSSI: Associated SSSI: Site No: Site No: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: 12 11 14 13 [Provisional]Structuralgeology:CrystalCove “MiddleDevonian(Givetian)limestone.Quarry Theremarkable25mzoneofcrystalline DaddyholeSSSI Notapplicable Notapplicable DyersQuarrySSSI “Thesite,whichisgenerally readily GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: Marine Devonian Variscan Structural geologypost- Marine Devonian Marine Devonian

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 31

Mineralogy of south-west England Marine Devonian Permian-Triassic GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: block / key theme: block GCR Hope’s Nose to Walls Hill SSSI Hope’s Nose to Walls Not applicable Hill SSSI Hope’s Nose to Walls The site shows a sandstone dominated The site shows a [Provisional] Permian: Foreshore and cliff and Foreshore Permian: [Provisional] 17 16 15 Site No: Associated SSSI: Associated SSSI: ssociated SSSI:Associated Site No: No: Site “This site contains excellent exposures of the Devonian “This site contains excellent exposures “A series of mineralised veins cutting through Devonian series of mineralised “A

GCR Statement of Interest: GCR Statement of Interest: fillings consist mostly of calcite, haematite and dolomite but small quantities of native gold fillings consist mostly of calcite, haematite and dolomite but small quantities as fine branching filaments. Recent detailed research has also revealed the also occur, is the only known presence of very rare palladium minerals (isomertieite and mertieite II). This important site occurrence of this assemblage of minerals in Britain, making this a nationally for mineralogical structures.” Hope’s Nose Designations: GCR (No. 1725) Nose. The vein limestone are exposed in the rock platform on the eastern side of Hope’s unusual features, such as evidence of penecontemporaneous erosion, within the limestones unusual features, such as evidence of in the limestones Distinct subfacies can be recognised of the old Hope & Nose quarry. locality with unrivalled exposures in the Torquay exposed here. A well-known Devonian Limestone.” Site Name: Designations: GCR (No: 426, Hopes Nose). the typical characteristics of this unit as well as Daddyhole Limestone (Eitelian) and displays the stratotype of the Corbyn’s Head Member, of regional lithostratigrafical importance. The Member, the stratotype of the Corbyn’s Head seafront due to easy access in the heart of the Torbay area has a high educational potential (including Corbyn’s Head Member)] Breccia Formation [Exeter Group: Torbay Site Name: Hill Hope’s Nose to Wall’s which pass upwards into conglomerates. The latter include clasts of sandstone, quartz and into conglomerates. The latter include which pass upwards are also present and some show of reddish or greenish mudstone limestone. Thin beds rivers and the conglomerates indicate deposition in seasonal mudcracks. The sandstones alluvial fan conditions. suggest more proximal as a CGS / RIGS sites: Reasons for proposal including Breccia Formation, of the Torbay sequence within the breccias and conglomerates Permian-Triassic features: / geomorphological Geological readily accessible provide key, Hollicombe Head and Corbyn’s Head exposures between ‘red bed’ sequence of the Torbay and sandstones of the Permian exposures of conglomerates Member the stratotype of the Corbyn’s Head These exposures include Breccia Formation. to coarse grained sandstones, The member is characterised by mediuim at Corbyn’s Head. brown to buff and pale greyish, and varying in colour from reddish commonly cross-bedded Name: Site Head to Corbyns Hollicombe Head Designations: The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 32 examination to be made. Within the formationitispossibletorecognisefourdistinct examination tobemade.Within be seenhereinthequarryfloor. Thesteepdipofthebedsallowsaneasybedby bed Devonian Walls HillLimestone.Thebestexposure ofthisstromatoporoid-richunitcan GCR (No:420) Designations: Long Quarry Site Name: probably ofMiddlePleistoceneage.” of MiddleandLateDevensianageisalsonotablefor thepresenceofdepositsthatare environmental andfaunalchangesduringtheQuaternary. Ithasyieldedvertebrateremains It issignificantforstudiesinpalaeontology, datingandstratigraphyforelucidating GCR (No:1312) Designations: Kents Cavern Site Name: cliff). inclusion ineducationalvisitstoHope’sNosebyoldergroups(dueproximityahigh Reasons forproposalasaCGS/IGSsites: low-angle thrustAwellknownstructureintheTorbay area. and shalesoftheDaddyholeMemberTorquay LimestoneFormation, associatedwitha geological features-anoverturnedF1fold,vergingnorth-west,inthinlybeddedlimestones cliff faceclosetotheraisedbeachonHope’sNoseisoneofTorbay’s bestknownstructural Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: Proposed CGS/RIGS Designations: Hopes NoseSouth Site Name: conditions insouth-westEngland.” for datingandinterpretingQuaternarysea-levelchangesrelatedenvironmental molluscan faunasandthesedimentarydetailofraisedbeachesarecrucialimportance Nose beachrelatestooxygenisotopestage7(ca.210,000yearsBP).Thewell-preserved cooler conditionsthanthoseofthepresentday. Amino-aciddatingsuggeststhat theHope’s from bothsitesaretemperateinnature,althoughthatThatcherRockindicatesslightly have beenrecordedfromHope’sNoseandforty-three fromThatcherRock.Theassemblages their assemblagesoffossilmarinemolluscsandforaminifera.Seventeenspeciesmollusc on theoffshorestackofThatcherRock.Thebeachdepositsareparticularlyimportantfor upwards intobeddedsands.Blownsandanhillwashlieabove.Asimilarraisedbeachoccurs overlain bycementedraisedbeach,comprisedofcobblesandbouldersatitsbase,fining Quaternary stratigraphyandsea-levelchange.AtHope’sNoseashoreplatformat8mis GCR, Devon(No:1868) Designations: Rock Hope’s NoseandThatcher Site Name: displaying thedevelopment, growthandformofastromatoporoidreef.” subfacies notseenelsewhere intheTorquay Limestone.Thesiteisuniqueinso well- GCR StatementofInterest: GCR StatementofInterest: GCR StatementofInterest:

“Hope’sNoseandThatcherRockarekeysitesforstudiesof “TheLongQuarryareaincludesthetypesectionof “Kents CavernisafamousandimportantQuaternarysite. Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: 19 18 21 20 [Provisional]Structuralgeology:Exposedinthe Awellknownstructuralfeature,usefulfor Hope’sNosetoWalls HillSSSI Hope’sNosetoWalls HillSSSI Hope’sNosetoWalls HillSSSI Kents CavernSSSI GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: south-west England Variscan Structuresof England Quaternary ofsouth-west Marine Devonian England Quaternary ofsouth-west

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 33

Permian-Triassic Marine Devonian Marine Devonian Marine Devonian GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: block / key theme: block GCR New Cut, Lincombe Drive SSSI Babbacombe Cliffs SSSI Lummaton Quarry SSSI Lummaton SSSI Meadfoot Sea Road 25 23 24 22 Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: No: Site SSSI:Associated “Here the Oddicombe Breccias of Permian age are faulted “Here the Oddicombe Breccias of Permian “The New Cut provides the best exposure displaying the “The New Cut provides the best exposure “This locality forms the type section of the Devonian “This locality forms the type section “This quarry in the Devonian Walls Hill Limestone shows a Hill Limestone Walls in the Devonian “This quarry

GCR Statement of Interest: GCR Statement of Interest: Statement of Interest: GCR Statement GCR Statement of Interest: against the Devonian limestones of Petit Tor. The breccias are poorly sorted sediments and Tor. against the Devonian limestones of Petit units) which were are arranged in crude sheet-like spreads of sediments, (in fining-upwards units indicates fluvial deposited by ephemeral floods. Imbrication of particles in some finer cut into the transport towards the east. The site also includes a cavity and fissure system and siltstones.” Permian sandstones limestone and filled by Site Name: Oddicombe Designations: GCR (No: 1496, Oddicombe) lithological and palaeontological characters of the Staddon facies of the Devonian Meadfoot lithological and palaeontological characters fauna and the presence of large numbers of Group. The composition of the brachiopod inner shelf locality in Britain, indicate a near-shore, homalonotid trilobites, unique to this deeper water facies typical of most of the Meadfoot environment, which contrasts with the area. A unique palaeontological locality.” Group in the Torbay Site Name: New Cut Designations: GCR (No: 429) Meadfoot Beds, of the old terminology, and displays lithological and palaeontological and displays lithological Meadfoot Beds, of the old terminology, outer shelf of the Meadfoot Group shallow water, characters typical of the Meadfoot facies best locality displaying the Meadfoot facies, the east sediments. In addition to being the sedimentary structures which have not been recorded end of the site has yielded interesting elsewhere in the Meadfoot Group.” Site Name: Meadfoot Sea Road Designations: GCR (No: 422) good example of a stromatoporoid reef. This locality is, however, more important for its important for its more locality is, however, This reef. of a stromatoporoid good example Limestone, the Lummaton Shell Beds horizons of the overlying Barton exposure of the lower containing an extremely rich discontinuous pockets and lenses This unit comprises Member. and extent of the outcrop varies age. Although the exact position shelly fauna of Givetian other exposures of the Lummaton this locality is now unique as with quarrying operations, Limestone.” site in the Torquay available. A key palaeontological Shell Beds are no longer Name: Site Quarry Lummaton Designations: 471) GCR (No: The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 34 the thicklybeddedsandstone oftheStaddonGritandthinslatybedsbetween. It Reasons forregistrationasaIGSsites: and showsslickensidesassociatedwithaminorfault.The beddingdipsat55°south.” thick, associatedaboveandbelowwiththinbedsofreddened slate.Thesandstoneisjointed worked faceshowsabedoftough,red-brown,finegrained, micaceoussandstone1.5m Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures: Designations: Quarry Woods Quarry Site Name: Teignmouth BrecciaFormation] Group: Watcombe Formation (includingPetit Tor Member),OddicombeBrecciaFormation, Exposures areinplacesreadilyaccessibleandthereforehaveeducationalpotential.[Exeter key exposuresoftheconformablepassageintoOddicombeBrecciaFormation above. the stratotypeofWatcombe Formation, withthePetit Tor Memberatitsbase,and by anon-sequencefromthedistinctTorbay BrecciaFormation sequence below. Itincludes Permian Torquay LimestoneFormation. Theareaisofpotentialeducational value. the SalternCoveFormation apparentlyrestingdirectlyontheWall’s HillMemberofthe also supportsanintra-Devoniannon-sequence,withtheBartonMemberbeingabsentand of theTorquay LimestoneFormation, infilledwith Frasnian sediments.Stratigraphicalevidence Devonian ‘Torquay High’,withtheapparentdevelopmentofpalaeo-karsticsurfacesattop Marine Devonian: Reasons forproposalasaCGS/IGSsites: silty-sand matrixandpasseslaterally, northwardsintotheTeignmouth BrecciaFormation. dominated byDevonianlimestonewithsomeCarboniferoussandstoneandotherrocksina north ofPetit Tor. ThesucceedingOddicombeBrecciaFormation includesroundedclasts siltsone above–theserelativelysoftlithologiesgiverisetolargelandslipsystemsimmediately formation includemuddysiltstonewithsandandfinebrecciabelowmudstone in apebblyandsandymatrix;itisinterpretedaslocaltalusdeposit.Higherlevelsthe Member, atitstypelocality. Thisunitincludeslimestoneblocksuptoseveralmetresacross Formation, thecontactbeingmarkedbycoarselimestonebrecciasofPetit Tor Breccia Formations. ThesequencerestsunconformablyonUpperDevonianSalternCove Permian depositsinthearea,belongingtoWatcombe, OddicombeandTeignmouth Permian: limestone brecciaatthebaseofWatcombe Formation, the Petit Tor Member. Frasnian conodontsandveryrareammonoids;theyareinturnoverlain,unconformably, bya Formation showdeformationbutapparentlyincludeabasalrednodularlimestonelevelwith have formerlyyieldedorthoconecephalopods.TheoverlyingmudstonesoftheSalternCove The latterhavebeeninterpretedasanUpperDevonianinfillandreportedto their uppersurfacewhichoccasionallycontainpale-pinkflintyorslatylimestonesslates. and tabulatecoralsamiddlevarcusBiozoneconodontfauna,havesolutioncavitiesin Saltern CoveFormation (Frasnian). Thelimestonesalsoyielda scatteredfaunaofrugose the Torquay LimestoneFormation (Givetian),overlaintothenorthbyreddishshalesof exposures dominatedbypalestromatoporoid-richlimestonesoftheWalls HillMemberof Marine Devonian: Proposed CGS/RIGS Designations: Petitor, Maidencombe Site Name: which thewoodlandissituated andthetransitionfromweatheredtosolidrock.” was suitablecleareditshould bepossibletodemonstratethesoilprofileofground on demonstrates thesandstone lithology, togetherwith thedipandstrikeofbedding.Ifsite Geological /geomorphologicalfeatures:[Provisional] : ThesiteshowsthelowestpartofupperPermian sequenceofTorbay, separated Theareashowsavirtuallyunbrokensequencethroughtheupperof

CGS/RIGS

ThePetit Tor areashowsthefinalstagesofevolutionMiddle The siteincludesthedisusedPetit Tor Quarryandadjacentcoastal Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: 26 27 “Thequarryprovidesagoodexposureof “LowerDevonianStaddonGrit.Themain

Notapplicable Notapplicable GCR block/keytheme: GCR block/keytheme: Marine Devonian

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 35

Permian-Triassic Mineralogy Marine Devonian Permian-Triassic GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: GCR block / key theme: block / key theme: block GCR Saltern Cove SSSI SSSI Berry Head to Sharkham Point Roundham Head SSSI Roundham Saltern Cove SSSI The former mine workings reveal a form [Provisional] Sharkham Iron Mine is a 31 29 30 28 Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: Site No: Associated SSSI: No: Site SSSI:Associated “At this locality coarse Permian fluvial breccias rest this locality coarse Permian “At “The Saltern Cove area, including the north end of Shell “The Saltern Cove area, including the “This is the type section of the Permian Tor Bay Breccias. Bay Tor the Permian type section of “This is the

GCR Statement of Interest: Statement of Interest: GCR Statement GCR Statement of Interest: associated cultural significance, although requiring improvements to access to realise its full associated cultural significance, although requiring improvements to access educational potential. Wales, where iron minerals replace zones in Lower Carboniferous limestones close to an Wales, red-beds. Although the former opencast workings are largely filled unconformity with Triassic in, good exposures remain in the coastal slope. Reasons for proposal as a CGS / RIGS sites: the better of mineralisation that is virtually unique in the region, and which postdates site with an phase of metallogenesis in south-west England. An important known Variscan Geological / geomorphological features: hematite remarkable but little known geological site. The deposit is characterised by localised replacement of Devonian limestones, associated with limestone breccias and show patches developments of botryoidal goethite, limonite and hematite. Some surfaces almost certainly and radiating crystals of white and pink barite. The source of the iron was via circulating hot fluids migrating along ‘red beds’ in the area, probably from Permian in South fractures. The process of replacement is likely to be similar to that known Site Name: Sharkham Iron Mine Designations: Proposed CGS / RIGS uncomformably on Devonian slates. The unconformity surface is very clearly seen as a cast uncomformably on Devonian slates. material and are arranged much locally-derived on the base of the breccias. These contain Permian and sedimentary sequences. The coarsest in poorly organised, fining-upwards a regionally significant A key site showing beds occur immediately above the unconformity. unconformity.” Permian beds. One of the most important Upper Devonian stratigraphic localities in Britain.” beds. One of the most important Upper Devonian stratigraphic localities Permian Site Name: Saltern Cove Designations: GCR (No: 1503) Cove and the south end of Waterside Cove, displays an extensive section through the Upper Cove and the south end of Waterside and the richly fossiliferous Saltern Cove Devonian, and includes interesting structures, Cove are a good example of beds exposed in Waterside Goniatite Bed. The Lower Devonian Cove also and are richly fossiliferous. Waterside the Staddon facies of the Meadfoot Group between the Lower Devonian and the overlying displays well the unconformable contact Site Name: Saltern Cove Designations: GCR (No: 424) These here include a variety of fluvial breccias, in which types formed during ephemeral during ephemeral in which types formed of fluvial breccias, include a variety These here of the headland are interbedded most abundant. On the south side sheet floods are the the north-west. This contrasts with palaeowind directions towards aeolian sands showing structures such as imbrication transport, deduced from sedimentary the directions of fluvial the south-east. A key site for in the breccias, which was towards and cross-bedding sedimentary environments.” demonstrating Permian Name: Site Head Roundham Designations: 1504) GCR (No: The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan this processisoverseenthrough theTorbay LocalBiodiversity ActionPlan(LBAP), All geositesareexpectedtoachievetheirmanagement objectivesovertimeand status.Othergeosite managementplansarebeingdevelopedgradually.with SSSI Some ofthesegeositesalreadyhaveactivemanagement plans,specificallythose these sites. remaining sites.Therelevantpublicagenciesadvise onandregulatemanagementof A varietyofownersincludingSouthWest Water andKents CavernLtd,accountfor the privateownership 7 .53 work withschoolsandthegeneralpublictoraise awareness ofTorbay’s heritage. patrol andmonitortheconditionofgeosites,anEducationteamtoundertake Torbay andemploysRangersinanEstateManagementteamtomanagehabitats from Torbay Council).TheTrust isdedicatedtotheconservationofheritage These sitesaremanagedbyTorbay CoastandCountrysideTrust (under60-yearlease 7 .52 departments oftheCouncil,dependinguponnatureland. These sitesareownedbyTorbay publicownership Councilandaremanagedthroughvarious 7 .51 Ownership ofthemaingeositesfallsintothreecategories. Hope’s Nose. public use of Trust sites where fossil-collecting may cause damage, eg St Mary’s Bay and in Torbay is the Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust Fossil Collecting Policy which regulates Alongside these statutory controls there are other local policies. The key policy developed are knownas“CountyGeologicalSites”. policies andstrategiestoprotectnaturalheritagesitesincludinggeologicalsites.These planning system.Torbay’s statutoryLocalPlanfor1995–2011includesrelevant Sites oflocalimportancefornatureconservationcanbeprotectedthroughthe framework fordesignating‘NationalNatureReserves’and‘LocalReserves’. administered inEnglandbyNaturalEngland.Thesamelawsalsocoverthelegal process wasstrengthenedbytheCountrysideandRightsofWay Act2001,aspresently legally designatingandprotecting‘SitesofSpecialScientificInterest’underUKlaw. This andCountrysideActin1981firstestablishedthepresentmechanismsfor the Wildlife are well-researchedandprotectedthroughnationalUKlegislation.Theintroductionof Owners ofgeositesaresubjecttothefollowinglegislation.ThekeyinTorbay 7 .5 36 countryside-trust.org.uk/biodiversity. which includesachapter onEarthHeritagesites.TheLBAPcanbeviewed at www. much olderPalaeozoic rocks. continental depositioninthePermo-Triassic basinofsouth-westEnglandonabasement The fissurecutintotheDevonian Torquay Limestoneandtheymarktheinitialstagesof sandstone filledfissures(dykes).Someofthearelinedbylargesparrycalcitecrystals. GCR (No:1494) Designations: Shoalstone Site Name: GCR StatementofInterest: Charitable trust Site management

Thewavecutplatformhereexposestwosetsofred Associated SSSI: Site No: 32 BerryHeadtoSharkhamPoint SSSI GCR block/keytheme: Permian -Triassic

The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 37

overuse and misuse vegetation growth To be successful in its bid for Geopark status there is no flexibility on the be successful in its bid for Geopark status To private retailers involved in this will not sale of geological specimens. Any be able to use the ERG brand. Any private retailer wishing to use the ERG brand must stop the sale be and this must be obtained in writing. The sale of existing stocks will from acceptable in the context of a managed and timetabled exit strategy this retail activity. licensed use of the ER Geopark brand. Any organisation, company or licensed use of the ER Geopark brand. to associate itself with ERG following private individual will only to allowed written authorisation from the ERGO. will be payable to obtain this An annual fee, set by the ERGO, if the applicant has signed up to authorisation which will only be issued the ERGO charter. be used to pay for the administrative This source of income will, in time, at £30,000 per annum. estimated costs of ERGO, The English Riviera Geopark management plan implements a policy of The English Riviera Geopark management artnership rademark n n n n n n n ent e Developm Sustainabl The management of public access to vulnerable sites is the key challenge for Torbay. for Torbay. The management of public access to vulnerable sites is the key challenge are outlined in section 5.3 above. Detailed site-specific conservation actions are are outlined in section 5.3 above. Detailed site-specific conservation These vary Local Biodiversity Action Plan and LGAP Review. incorporated in the Torbay to be channelled in their impact and the priorities, in terms of where resources need are: most urgently, 8 .2 priority 2: Site Conservation of Torbay The general issues concerning conservation of the geological heritage Ensure retailing of geological material by licensed users of the ERG brand is strictly Ensure retailing of geological material policy and procedures. controlled in accordance with ERG registered trademark. relevant to the area and the partners in the ERGO. Part of ERGO’s role is to manage of ERGO’s Part and the partners in the ERGO. relevant to the area the agenda within the region’s ensure the Geopark is high on these strategies to development. framework for sustainable economic regeneration 8 .1 .2 t by managing the brand as a the English Riviera Geopark brand Protect the use of 8 .1 Framework priority 1: Management management of the EGN is: The priority for the 8 .1 .1 p documents strategic key the of each in embedded firmly are objectives ERG’s the Ensure 8. for Polici es es and prioriti 8 .2 .1 veruse and mis-use o 8 .1 .3 etailing r The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan The followingthemesareprioritiesforactioninthenewGeopark: priority3:GeoeducationandGeotourism 8 .3 Countryside Trust isactiveinmanagingthespreadofscrubatmanyitssites. associated withlimestonearethreatenedbyuncontrolledscrubandTorbay Coastand Most exposuresarenotaffectedbadlybyvegetationgrowthbutoftentherareplants v 8 .2 management techniquesandregularpatrols,willreducetheriskoffurtherdamage. ignorance ormaliciously. Theframeworkofpoliciesnowinplace,togetherwithsite Historically damagehasbeencausedtothegeologicalheritage,eitherthrough 38 n n n n n n n n n n egetation growth Torbay’s geology Raise awarenessamongsttheinternationalscientificcommunityof Stimulate furtherresearchactivityandlinkstoeducationalestablishments development Generate fundingfromnationalandinternationalsourcesforgeotourism increasing awarenessandpromotingcodesofconduct Reduce damagetogeositescausedbypublicignoranceorneglect Encourage voluntaryactivitytosupportthegeopark Promote CivicPride,motivatingschools,communitygroupsetc programmes practice anddevelopnewideas,takingpartininternationalprojects Link withEuropeanpartnersanddevelopjointprojectstosharebest and developnewgeotourismproductsactivities Develop newmarketsaroundtheexistingwell-establishedtourismbase best useofresources Bring togetherexistinggeologicalinterpretationandco-ordinatetoensure development linkedtothelandscapeandheritage Develop theuseofGeoparkasamarketingtool–tourism currently available intheBay Examples ofinterpretations The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 39 yrs 6-10 yrs 2-5

3 3 3 3

Within 1 Within year from from year 31/01/2007

3 2005 ERGO Sep 04 Sep 04 Sep 04 Nov 06 Nov 06 2005-06 3 Partners 3 3 3 3 3 Achieved / 3

TCCT = Torbay Coast & Countryside Trust Coast & Torbay = TCCT THF = Torbay Heritage Forum Heritage THF = Torbay UP = University of Plymouth UP = University of Agency Development TDA = Torbay

Torbay Heritage Strategy Torbay Council Torbay Community Plan Cultural Torbay Strategy Partnership Museums Torbay Strategy Partnership Strategy Tourism Torbay Maritime Strategy Torbay Development Torbay Agency’s Economic Regeneration Framework Establish the management Commit staff resources to Employ a full-time Geopark n n n n n funded through licensed use of the ERG trademark embedded in the key strategy framework documents for the economic regeneration and community plans for Torbay: n n private and voluntary sector representatives. managing for responsible body the English Riviera Geopark to act as steward and bailiff of the Coral Coast brand deliver and develop administer, the ERG Officer to administer the ERG, party and create management structure involving key public, Ensure the Geopark is Establish the Geopark working 2. 3. 4. 1. 1. iviera Geopark English Riviera Geopark

ey: ) Work Program ERGO) Work Organisation ( Economic development A2 A1 Management structure a . Management Framework TC = Torbay Council = Torbay TC (Regionally DRG = Devon RIGS Sites) Group Important Geological 9. Plan action K Museum TM = Torquay NE = Natural England Cavern = Kents KC The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 40 Partnership A5 protection Brand A4 Network Geopark the European Membership of A3 Organisation (ERG)Work Program

English RivieraGeopark 1. 1. 1. 4. 3. 3. 2. 5. 4. 2. 2. 3. 4. Develop linksotherEarth Develop logoandbrand Submit 2ndapplicationdossier Draw upcodeofconduct and therestofworld. Geoparks intheUK,Europe and othergeositesinDevon Site, NorthDevonBiosphere Cornish Mining World Heritage Coast World HeritageSite, Geopark conferenceinBelfast the world Britain, Europeandtherestof Heritage sitesandGeoparksin trademark for partnersusingtheERG use oftheERGtrademark controlling useofthebrand. registering astrademarkand source ofincomefortheby trademark andcreate the EnglishRivieraGeopark guidelines existing EnglishRivieradesign identity forERGinlinewith required and regulateactivityas development oftheGeopark participating organisations and termsofreferenceforall Geopark Network lead applicanttoEuropean for Torbay Counciltoactas from UNESCO-UK Geopark Networkin2007 for acceptancetoEuropean Develop linkswithJurassic Obtain fullcouncilapproval Obtain protectionforuseof Monitor andsteerthe Develop codesofconduct Obtain endorsementletter Present paperat2ndGlobal Authorise, controlandprotect Develop linkstoother Achieved / 3 3 3 Partners Dec06 ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO ERGO Nov 06 Sep 06 3

31/01/2007 year from Within 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Ongoing 2-5 yrs 6-10 yrs The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 41 3 yrs 6-10 6-10 3 yrs 2-5 Ongoing Ongoing 3 3 3 3 3 3 Within 1 Within year from from year 31/01/2007

3 UP Jun 06 DRG DRG DRG ERGO ERGO ERGO, ERGO, owners NE, Site Partners 3 TCCT, TC, TC, TCCT, TCCT, NE, TCCT, ERGO, TC ERGO, ERGO, TC, TC, ERGO, TC, ERGO, Achieved / Achieved ERGO, THF, THF, ERGO, THF, ERGO, TCCT, DRG, TCCT, ERGO, DRG ERGO, Ensure that policies in next Encourage adoption of Obtain National Lottery Obtain National Lottery Include confirmed new CGS Encourage adherence to ERG Work with partners to seek with partners Work management plans for all SSSIs and CGSs in Torbay policy on geological specimen collecting and consent activity on the basis of site- specific criteria derived from management plans and liaison with scientific advisors recognise and protect geological sites of and proposed CGS status planning principle which requires developers to grant access to construction and other sites for the purposes of scientific recording of temporary exposures site specific integrated geological-ecological Site (CGS) status for new nominations sites in next revision of Torbay Local Development Framework Local revision of Torbay Development Framework generate conservation and generate conservation interpretation improvements. for under “Awards Funding panels All” for interpretation and a leaflet and other funding from grants funding sources (accounts and budget) and review Management Plan up from subscription charges charges up from subscription income from and other participating organisations to and use the Fund Publish annual progress report Produce, agree and implement Confirm County Geological Develop a “ERG Fund” made “ERG Fund” Develop a 3. 4. 2. 2. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1. 1. iviera Geopark Geopark Riviera English

) Work Program ) Work (ERGO Organisation B2 Site safeguard and management B1 and Policy legislation B . Site Conservation monitoring and monitoring review A6 Budget - The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 42 monitoring Research and B4 Advisory B3 Organisation (ERG)Work Program

English RivieraGeopark 1. 1. 3. 3. 4. 2. 3. 2. Encourage researchinto Establish networkof Monitor allgeositesinTorbay Produce anddistribute to appropriatetimescale management. linked withsiteprotectionand monitoring informationis caves) documented (e.g.BerryHead sites havenotyetbeenfully Devonian palaeontology)or are lacking(e.g.onregionally where contemporaryreviews document-based inparticular including bothsite-basedand Torbay’s geologicalheritage, heritage sites responsible useofgeological to encouragesafeand guidance notesandcodes access andinterpretation appropriate, fordeveloping investigate potential,where to aidsitemanagementand establish constructivedialogue occupiers ofgeositesand interpretation sampling atsensitivesitesand refereeing ofproposalsfor recording andassessment/ proposals, temporarysection with respecttodevelopment site conservation,including scientific advisorstoguide uk/lbap.htm) (www.countryside-trust.org. Action PlanforTorbay illegally. gold depositswereremoved remain inadestroyedstate,as NB: Hope’sNosewillalways of sitemanagementworks by carryingoutaprogramme defined byNaturalEngland), “favourable condition”(as significant sitesarein Agree aLocalGeodiversity Ensure audit,researchand Ensure thatallnationally Work withsiteownersand

TCCT, DRG, ERGO, THF, ERGO, THF, ERGO, THF, Achieved / TCCT, TM, TCCT, NE, TCCT, NE, 3 TCCT, TC, TCCT, UP Partners NE, Site NE, Site owners owners ERGO, ERGO, ERGO, ERGO DRG. Sep 06 DRG UP 3

31/01/2007 year from Within 1 3 3 3 3 Ongoing Ongoing 2-5 yrs 3 3 3 6-10 yrs The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 43 3 yrs 6-10 6-10 3 3 3 3 3 yrs 2-5 3 Ongoing 3 3 Within 1 Within year from from year 31/01/2007

3 TM Jan 07 ERGO ERGO ERGO 2005-06 2005-06 ERGO, ERGO, ERGO, owners THF, TM THF, Partners 3 TCCT, TC, TC, TCCT, TCCT, KC, KC, TCCT, ERGO, TC ERGO, Achieved / Achieved ERGO, Site ERGO, 3 3

Work with partners to with partners Work Liaise with the Tourist Board Liaise with the Tourist Develop improved public Encourage the development of Review all signing to and Incorporate geological Develop new interpretive give improved access to the geological heritage heritage in touring exhibitions and other community facilities, eg mobile libraries, doctors surgeries media that are accessible to everyone, regardless of ability access to key sites including Dyer’s Quarry, Point, Triangle Hopes Nose and Saltern Cove geological boat trips to view inaccessible sites from the Marine sea (see also Torbay Biodiversity Action Plan) facilities at museums and other visitor facilities to Geopark designation where appropriate interpretation strategy to ensure that interpretative provision is suitably targeted and integrated and addresses the needs of a range of different site users, including geological/technical groups, school groups (including teaching aids) and general visitors www.englishrivierageopark.org Geopark organise an annual event training and awareness for tourism sector advertisers and TDA and other use to ensure widespread of the ERG in all marketing literature to feature the within Torbay website Develop new exhibition Develop an education and Create and manage the ERG manage the ERG Create and 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4. 1. 1.

iviera Geopark Geopark Riviera English

) Work Program ) Work (ERGO Organisation Communication, and Access Education C2 C1 Promotion Geoeducation and Geotoursim C . Geoeducation The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 44 Geotourism C3 Organisation (ERG)Work Program

English RivieraGeopark 1. 12. 11. 10. 6. 5. 4. 3. 8. 7. 9. 2. Develop themedGeopark Work withyouthgroups Offer fieldstudytripsto Develop curricularresources Develop anew“Gateway” Foster educational links Develop theCoralCoastGeo- Extend andimprove Geopark VisitorCentre Coasts attractions suchasLiving with othernaturalheritage boards and on-siteinterpretation leaflet, individualsiteleaflets trail incorporatingageneric Goodrington andKents Cavern “magnet” sites:BerryHead, facilities atkeyGeopark interpretation andeducation Geopark theme learning packagesonthe family audiences events andtoursforadult community artsproject to developaGeological groups colleges andcommunity Geopark sitestoschools, for usebyschoolsandcolleges geological heritage linking peopletothedistrict’s to develop events and activities of Torbay’s geologicalheritage enjoyment andunderstanding local residentstoencourage Day aimedspecificallyat short-break markets packages forthenicheand of Geopark-relatedtourism Organise anannualGeo- Promote thedevelopment Work withlocalcommunities Develop adultandcommunity ERGO, TDA ERGO, TDA 3 3 3 3 3 Achieved / TCCT, TC Partners 3 3 ERGO, 2005-06 2006-07 2006-07 2006-07 2005-06 ERGO ERGO 2006 2006 3

31/01/2007 year from Within 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 2-5 yrs 3 6-10 yrs 3 The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 45 ction de e i s oll C ral ral ountry e C

in d M

d t an t s oa il an il C ss o F - permission to enter Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust Coast and Countryside Trust - permission to enter Torbay orbay orbay - avoid disturbance to wildlife and do not leave the site in an T : : A - in general, collect only a few representative specimens and obtain - in general, collect only a few representative specimens and obtain ix ix olicy on on olicy P d t t n s e and methodology of any such activity should form part of written agreement. and methodology of any such activity should form part of written Site management untidy or dangerous condition for those who follow. obeyed. A clear agreement should be made over the future ownership of any fossils obeyed. A clear agreement should be made over the future ownership collected. Collecting recognises Coast and Countryside Trust these from fallen or loose material. Torbay parameters that formal academic research may require collection of fossils in situ, Access and ownership circumstances, land and collect fossils must always be sought and, depending on should be written permission may be required. Local byelaws/site restrictions pp ru T n n heritage. The basic principles set out below should be followed by all those intending heritage. The basic principles set out below should be followed by to collect fossils. n the small number of Sites of Special Scientific Interest where this activity would cause the small number of Sites of Special interest. significant damage to the special Code of good practice our fossil Adopting a responsible approach to collecting is essential for conserving rare or the fossil resource is limited in extent, as in a cave or a river channel deposit. rare or the fossil resource is limited and curation, inexpert collecting, over-collecting Collecting without proper recording and heavy machinery are likely to reduce or and inappropriate use of power tools of such sites. Unless the activity is undertaken in an even destroy the scientific value on will oppose fossil collecting Coast and Countryside Trust Torbay appropriate manner, fossil heritage. Irresponsible fossil collecting scientific gain and is therefore an unacceptable and Irresponsible collecting delivers no It will pose a clear threat where fossils are irreplaceable loss from our fossil heritage. Earth heritage conservation and the furthering of geological understanding. This is Earth heritage conservation and the is extensive and subject to high levels of particularly true where the fossil resource as in eroding coastal sections or active quarries. In natural or artificial degradation, unless collected. The responsible collecting of fossils such situations fossils can be lost to the management and safeguard of our can therefore be an acceptable approach a prudent approach to collection that this resource will remain viable for future to collection that this resource a prudent approach study and enjoy. generations to experience, collecting Responsible fossil fossil collecting can offer positive benefits for In most circumstances responsible Fossils are a key part of our natural heritage and form a major scientific, educational scientific, educational and form a major natural heritage a key part of our are Fossils of life the evolution to understanding They are fundamental resource. and recreational and correlation of provide a basis for the division also Fossils and past environments. many people, for whom is an activity pursued by collecting Fossil rocks the world over. a stimulating experience of remains of ancient life provides discovering the fossilised through resource is finite and it is only the available fossil However, the natural world. A The English Riviera Geopark Management Plan 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Photo credits n n n 46 consulted andmayrequireanadditionalformalrequestforconsent. as SitesofSpecialScientificInterestareremindedthatNaturalEnglandmustbe SSSIs resource anditscollectionatallTorbay CoastandCountrysideTrust sites. Minerals forwarded toTorbay CoastandCountrysideTrust. adequate curatorialandstoragefacilities.Acopyofallrecords/reportsmustbe importance shouldbeplacedinasuitablerepository, normallyamuseumwith specialist adviceonspecimenidentificationandcare. Fossils ofprimescientific records canbedirectlyrelatedtothespecimensconcerned.Wherenecessary, seek found and,ifcollectedinsitu,recordrelevanthorizondetails.Ensurethatthese Recording andcuration Dr BELeveridge Dr Kevin Page Abberley andMalvernHillsGeopark Brin Edwards K Hallohan Torquay Museum Torbay Council Still Imaging Kents CavernLtd D Larkin Torbay CoastandCountrysideTrust - Persons wishingtoundertaketheaboveactivitiesonareasdesignated - Allprinciplesandpracticesstatedabovealsoapplytothemineral -alwaysrecordpreciselythelocalityatwhichfossilsare Cover images

Front cover - top: Boat trip to London Bridge1, middle: Corals at Hope’s Nose2, bottom: University of Manchester and University of London at Saltern Cove10. Main image: An interpretation of Torbay’s coral reef, based on fossil evidence, artwork by Brin Edwards8.

Back cover - Stone Age torch in Kents Cavern3 For more information please contact

Torbay Coast and Countryside Trust Cockington Court Cockington Torquay TQ2 6XA

Tel: 01803 606035 Email: geopark@countryside-trust .org .uk www .englishrivierageopark .org .uk

This document can be made available in other languages, on tape, in Braille, large print and in other formats . For further information please contact 01803 208832 .