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Avifauna in Southern California Chaparral: Seasonal Distribution, Habitat Association, Reproductive Phenology

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Avifauna in Southern California Chaparral: Seasonal Distribution, Habitat Association, Reproductive Phenology Un~tedStates 3 Department of AgrlCUitUre Avifauna in Southern California oreservlce Chaparral: Seasonal Distribution, Pacific Southwest Researchstation Habitat Association, Reproductive Research Paper PSW-RP-209 Phenology William 0.Wirtz II Wirtz, Willia~n0.. 11. 1991. Avifaunn in soulhcrn California chaparral: scasanal distribution, habitat associa- tion, rcpraductivc phcnology. Rcs. Papcr PSW-RP-209. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Soulhwesl Research Station, Favcst Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture; 19 p. Dals were obtained between February 1969 and Octobel. 1979 an thc se;sonal occurrence, lvilbitilt asso~latio~l. ieproductivephcnalogy, and rclativc nbu~tdanccofnvifauna at two study sitcs in thcchaparral comnn~lnilyofthe San Gabricl Mountains of southern California. The purpose ofthe study was to collect infa~.mationon bid specics uscof this habitat and to documcnr ch.anges in the bird community over a 30.year period. During the stody, 128 species rcprcsenting 36 families were noted: 99 in lower clcvalion (914 to 1280 m) chaparral and I I0 at a higher clcvalion (1400m)chapurml-ycllowpincccolo~~esite.Eighty-wospccieswereabscrvcdatbotl~sites.Residenacolnprised35.4 pcrcc~ltofthepopulationatll~elowel-elcvatiansitea~~d25.4percentatthehighersite. Vagl.antscornprised 18.2percenl of the popt~larian1 the lower site aud 23.6 peltent at the higher site. Insects are consumed by 66.7 percent of all avifitiluna observcd in the chonarml. and seeds bv 32.6 oercent. Fou~.teensoecies reoorted earlier (1936-1913) at the ~~CSC~ISa stllnmncy of I I years ordata on nbundance at hoth IocuUans. Ren-iuvril Terazr: hird community, seiisansl distribution, avifauna. chaparrill, San Gabriel Mountains, soutBcl.n Califainin The Author: WILLIAM 0. WlRTZ 11, is Professor of Biology. Pobnann Callcge, Clal.ernon1, California, and a Station coopemtor. This paper waspresenledat theSymposiumon IheClassificationand DistribotionafCvliforniaChapnrral Ecosystems, held in coi~junclionwith the 60th Annual Meeting, Wcslern Society of Naturalists, December 28. 1979, Pornonu. California. It ha since then bccn rcviscd and updntcd. Acknowledgments: 1 thank the Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, for financial support for research in the San Dilnas Experimcnlal Forest since 1974, Project Leadcrs Raymond M. Rice, C. Eugene Conrad, Paul H. Dunn, and Susan G. Conard fol.lheir continued support and cooperalion, and Charles G. Colver ibr special support of field workover 820-year period. Observations at MI. Billdy wcremadeprimwily on the Chapman Ranch, nndIespccially thank Pat and Bob Chapman far permission to use this ncea. Many presenland rormer stude~tlshave aided with field work, especially sttldenrs or terrestrial ecology in 1976. Special thanks are duc Helcn Winz for be). participation in 7 yen13 of lield work and for data analysis. Charles T. Collins, California State University, Long Beach, and Daniel A. Guthrie, Clal.ernont McKenoa College. Clnremont, California, provided helpful criticisms of the manuscript. Cover plroros clockwise from top right: Rcd-lsiled Hawk, For Spunow, Rurous-crowned Sparrow, Brown Towhee. Photos by Helen Wirtz. Publisher: Pacific Southwest Research Station P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701 July 1991 Q U.S. RinW OKja: 1992.687562 Avifauna in Southern California Chaparral: Seasonal Distribution, Habitat Association, Reproductive Phenology William 0.Wirtz II Contents .. In Brief .........................................................................................................................................11 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Study Areas .................................................................................................................................1 Methods .......................................................................................................................................2 Results ..........................................................................................................................................3 Discussion and Collclusions .......................................................................................................4 References ....................................................................................................................................5 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................6 USDA Forest Service Res. PilpeiPSW-RP309. 1991 In Brief. Wirtz, William 0.. 11. 1991. Avifauna in southern California Expelimental Forest; and 110 species in the higher elevation chaparral: seasonal distribution, habltat association, re- (1400 m) chapanal-yellow pineecotone near Mt. Baldy Village. productivephenology. Res.PaperPSWRP-209. Berkeley, Eighty-two species wereobserved at both sites. Composition of CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, the population was as follows: U.S. Department of Agriculture; 19 p. Lower Hinher &)!&! elevnlion Retricvnl Tertits: bird community, seasonal distribution, avi- &%gy (,,erce,!ll (,,erce,,l) fauna, chapaural, Sari Gabriel Mountains, southern California Residents 35.4 25.4 Vagranls 18.2 23.6 Spring breeders 18.2 16.4 Relatively little information is available concerning the avi- Migrants 16.2 15.4 fauna of the chaparral co~n~nunitiesof the San Gabriel Moun- lains of southern California. A checklist of the birds of the San Fourteen species, rnostly migrants, reported earlier were not Dimas Experi~nentalForest, on the south side of the San Gabriel observed at lower sites. Species appaseutly lost include Dusky Mountains in Los Angeles County, covering the period 1936- and Willow Flycatchers, Hutton's and Solitary Vireos, Burrow- 42, and a later compilation published in 1981 summarize all ingOwl,Yellow-BilledCuckoo,WinterWren,andSageSparrow. known inforniatio~ion southern California birds. To provide Twenty species, rnostly vagrants, not previously I-eported at current information on bird species and to docutnent changes lower sites were observed. A noteworthy addition is the Com- over the 30-year period since that earlier checklist was com- mon Raven, now regularly seen in the San Dimas Experimental piled, the relative abundance, habitat association, reproductive Forest. Breeding of 24 resident and 13 spring breeding species phenology, and seasonal occurrence of avifauna were studied in in chaparral was documented; an additional 11 resident and 5 the San Dimas Experimental Forest from February 1969 to spring breeding species were considered likely to breed in this Septeinber 1979 and near Mt. Baldy Village FromJanuary 1973 habitat. Insects zeeaten by 66.7 percentof all species observed to October 1979. in the chaparral, seeds by 32.6 percent, fleshy fruits by 14.7 The 128 species noted represent 36 families; 99 species were percent, and vertebrates by 14.7 percent. in the lowerelevation (914-1280 m) chaparral of the Sa~iDi~iias USDA Forest Service Rcs. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 Introduction elatively little infotmation is available cancel-ning tlie avi- Mayr), or yellow pine (Pinlzspo~iderosoDougl. ex P. & C. Lawson), R fauna of the chaparral collirnu~litiesof the San Gabriel and California bay (Uriibclhrlrzrir~colifouiica (H. & A,) Nutt.), the Mountains in southern Calilbrnia. Wright and Horto11 (1951, latter in more moist canyon bottorns. 1953) provide a checklist of the birds of the USDA Forest Considerable detail about the Experimental Forest is summa- Service's San Dimas Experimental Forest, located on tlie south rized by Mooney and Parsolis (1973), and posttire plant succes- side of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los A~igelesCounty, for sion in the area has been described by Horton and Kraebel the period 1936-1942, with supplelnental information available (1955). Hanes (1971), Pattic and Hanes (l964), Hanes and Jones through 1953. They recorder1 the presence of 121 species I-epre- (1967), and Plumb (1961, 1963). senting 33 families in chaparral, oak woodland, or riparian In addition to recortling bird occurrence at the Experimental habitats, with comments on their abundance, habitat association, Forest since 1969, I collected quantitative information Crom five and seasonal occurrence. Included in their records are 17 addi- study sites established in spring 1976 after a ~liajorwildfire in tional species from 8 families associated with reservoirs in San late November 1975. Observations on postfire bird succession Dinias and Big Dalton canyons. Garrett and Dunn (1981) sum- were repolled earlier (Wi~iz1977, 1979), but data collected on marize all known info[-t~ialionon tlie status and distribution of all these five study areas are also used in this paper. bird species in southern California. The study site in Bell Canyon Watershed 803 (975 m) is This paper reports the relative abundance, habitat association, dominated by cha~niseand ceanothus, (C. oussifoli~rsTOIT. and reproductive phenology, and seasonal occurrence of avifauna in C. 01igmitliu.s Nutt. in T. & G.), with some black sage, bigberry the San Dimas Experimental Forest, excluding the reservoirs in manzanita, California buckwheat, mountain mahogany, scrub San Dimas and Big Dalton canyons, between February 1969 and oak, silktassel (Gnnyn Ventchii Kell.), toyon (Hetero~rieles September 1979, and similar information collected at a higher nrblrtifolin M. Roem.), and yerba santa (Eriorlic~~ono.r,ssifolizrm elevation
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