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2005 Winter: Tillamook Burn, Old Forest

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2005 Winter: Tillamook Burn, Old Forest Winter 2005 Preserving Forest Grove Newsletter of the Historic Landmarks Board The Tillamook Burn By George Cushing contract was issued, pro-claiming the In 1933 the first fire occurred in what has become known as the Tillamook Burn, to be followed at replanting a success. six-year intervals by three more fires in 1939, 1945 and 1951. By the time effective fire control During the first part of the 20th century, Oregon’s measures had been put in place, over 350,000 northwest corner was primarily centuries-old acres had burned*, killing thirteen billion board Douglas fir, as well as cedar, hemlock and spruce, feet of timber – enough to build more than a interspersed with open areas and an abundance of million homes. Reforestation efforts began in wildlife. Many small homesteaders had staked 1949 using out claims, volunteers and logging of all ages was the including primary forestry economy in crews, the area. On prison August 14, inmates and 1933, a school spark from groups, and one of these the area logging slowly re- operations turned to a sparked the green forest. first of the In 1983 the fires (also first comer- the cause of cial thinning subsequent fires). Ashes rose * To put this in perspective, the 2002 Biscuit Fire in southern Oregon burned 500,000 acres and the 1988 Yellowstone fire destroyed 800,000 acres. But these were nothing compared to the fires in the mid-1800s. Four Oregon fires that occurred between 1848 and 1865 burned 2.6 million acres – over seven times the combined amount of the Tillamook Burn. The worst, the Silverton fire in 1865, burned almost a million acres. The largest known U.S. fire burned three million acres in Idaho in 1910. Page 2 Winter 2005 40,000 feet in the air and the plume could be seen destroyed, almost 7.5 billion board feet was as far west as recovered through salvage logging. Yellowstone. Ashes piled up two feet deep along The development of the modern chain saw, the northern Oregon coast and fell like snow in advances in tree seedlings, and use of helicopters the Willamette Valley. Not only was the forest for replanting, for aerial mapping and for destroyed, but wildlife was decimated, rivers were supplying of construction materials all helped in choked with sediment and debris and seed cones the reforestation efforts. Thousands of volunteers were annihilated. Most of the land from the arrived in fleets of school buses and swarmed Pacific Ocean to the Tualatin Valley on the west, over the mountains planting 72 million Douglas- from the Columbia River to Yamhill Valley in the fir seedlings, and the trees slowly started to south was devastated. reclaim the mountains. Using a plan developed by Nelson S. Rogers, a The fires combined with the Great Depression to state forester who had grown up in the area, the cause most landholdings to be transferred back to rebuilding of the forests began. Almost im- the state through tax foreclosures. A 1948 $12 mediately salvage logging was started. The effort million bond measure provided acquisition funds began with the formation of the Consolidated for remaining lands, and on July 18, 1973 the area Timber Company, a cooperative effort head- became the Tillamook State Forest. quartered near Glenwood on what is now High- way 6 to Tillamook. This logging started the The recreational opportunities in the Tillamook rebuilding both by clearing the way for replanting, Forest continue to grow in this new and revital- but also opened up the area allowing a more ized forest. With the recent addition of new day modern highway instead of the old wagon trails. use areas as well as the planned opening this Of the thirteen billion board feet of live trees summer of the new Tillamook Forest Center, the opportunities for recreation abound. Old Forest Grove Laws By Claude Romig Item: “The City of Forest Grove does Ordain as Fact or fantasy? The reality is that the Forest Follows: …That no person shall ride any bicycle Grove City Council passed Ordinance 128 [or] tricycle…on the sidewalks on Pacific Avenue (regarding bicycles) on October 16, 1903. The in the City of Forest Grove, Washington County, dog ordinance (Ordinance 3) was passed on April Oregon, between Main Street and B Street. Any 16, 1891. One can only speculate why, over a person violating…this ordinance shall on hundred years ago, the City Council was conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not prompted to pass laws allowing the shooting of less than five dollars nor more than ten dollars and dogs and prohibiting the riding of bicycles. There the costs of prosecution, or be imprisoned in the are literally hundreds of old ordinances, many City Jail not less than two days nor more than five handwritten and bound in their original ledgers, days….” located on a shelf in City Hall. The topics of these ordinances range from the building of Item: “…No vicious nor mad dog, nor any female sidewalks to tax assessments, from stock running dog in time of heat, shall be permitted to go at at large to the prohibition of liquor. As another large in the City of Forest Grove, and it shall be example, to regulate those citizens who annoyed lawful for any person to kill any such dog or dogs, their neighbors, the Forest Grove City Council whether it wears a collar with a tag or not…” passed Ordinance 9 on November 4, 1891: Page 3 Winter 2005 “If any person or persons within the corporate shall expose or circulate or distribute any indecent limits of said City of Forest Grove…shall disturb or improper picture, print, book or matter of any the peace and quietude of any citizen of said City kind…or shall be guilty of peeking in at the by hollowing, hooting or blowing…horns or [by] window of any church, school house or any house the unnecessary ringing of bells, or making loud not his own…or shall attend any prize fight, or or ungainly noises of any manner detrimental to shall engage in fighting or quarrelling…or shall the peace of any other citizen…shall be deemed operate a fortune wheel, game of chance, or guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction gambling device of any nature or description…or thereof…shall be fined in any sum not less than shall be a tramp, or hobo, or shall be a five dollars ($5) nor more than one hundred vagrant…shall be fined in any sum not exceeding dollars ($100)….” fifty ($50.00) dollars….” Shooting firearms was also prohibited. “If any Ordinance 44, a curfew law, was passed by the person or persons shall within the corporate limits Forest Grove City Council on November 6, 1893: of the City of Forest Grove shoot off or fire any “…That no person under the age of eighteen years shot gun, rifle or pistol or any kind of gun…or shall be permitted to roam the streets of the city of shall shoot any substance from what is commonly Forest Grove after the hour of eight o’clock in the known as a bean shooter or nigger killer…he shall evening, unless such person or persons have the be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon written permission of their parents or guardians conviction of the violation…of this ordi- and are performing especial duties or messages, or nance…shall be fined in any sum not exceeding are accompanied by their parents or guardians.” one hundred dollars nor less than two dollars….” Those in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance 12 was passed on November 11, 1891. ordinance would “…be punished by a fine of two dollars for each violation or one day in the city In 1904, Forest Grove was a dry town. Only a jail…” licensed pharmacist, under a doctor’s orders, could dispense alcohol: “It shall be unlawful for Finally, it appears that gambling was an issue in any person not a registered pharmacist…to sell or 1893 Forest Grove. “…That each and every give away any spirituous, malt or vinous liquors person who shall deal, play, or carry on, open, or or other intoxicating compounds within the cause to be opened…any game of faro, Monte, Corporate limits of the City of Forest roulette, poker, draw poker or any banking or any Grove…except on a written prescription of a other game played with cards, dice, or any other registered and practicing physician, and no more device, whether the game be played for money, than one sale or gift shall be made upon the same checks, credits, or any other representation of prescription.” Ordinance 132 was passed on value, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor…[and] January 27, 1904. shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars for each On August 13, 1903, Ordinance 126 was passed. violation….” The Forest Grove City Council This ordinance prohibited a potpourri of activities passed Ordinance 40 on July 3, 1893. including prostitution, indecent exposure, fighting and vagrancy: “…That any person who, while There are many hundreds of ordinances, historic within the incorporated limits of the City of Forest as well as current, accessible to the public at Grove, Washington County, Oregon, shall be Forest Grove City Hall. Many ordinances make guilty of violent, riotous or disorderly conduct, or exceedingly tedious reading; however, there are a shall use any profane, abusive or obscene few interesting and revealing gems for those who language, or shall curse or swear, or shall make wish to take a glimpse back into the city’s history.
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