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Fire Science Core Curriculum Fire Science Core Curriculum PROMOTING AWARENESS, UNDERSTANDING, AND RESPECT OF FIRE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE SCIENCE EM 9172 August 2017 OSU Forestry & Natural Resources Extension Program OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE Fire Science Core Curriculum PROMOTING AWARENESS, UNDERSTANDING, AND RESPECT OF FIRE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE SCIENCE Photo: Carrie Berger, © Oregon State University OSU Forestry & Natural Resources Extension Program Fire Science Core Curriculum Acknowledgements Project Leader and Author Daniel Leavell, Oregon State University Extension Agent, Klamath and Lake counties Authors Carrie Berger, Coordinator of the Northwest Fire Science Consortium and Extension Associate, OSU Forestry and Natural Resources Extension Stephen Fitzgerald, Director of the OSU College of Forestry Research Forest and Statewide Silviculture Extension Specialist Bob Parker, County Leader and OSU Forestry Extension Agent, Grant and Baker counties Contributors Teresa Wicks, Oregon State University PhD student Sophia Carrol, OSU Forestry and Natural Resources Project Assistant, Klamath Basin Research and Extension Center Brad Withrow-Robinson, OSU Forestry Extension Agent, Benton, Linn, and Polk counties Dave Shaw, Associate Professor and Forest Health Specialist, OSU Forestry and Natural Resources Extension Jason O’Brien, Oregon Master Naturalist Program Coordinator, OSU Forestry and Natural Resources Extension Janean Creighton, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, OSU Forestry and Natural Resources Extension and Administrative Director, Northwest Fire Science Consortium Amy Markus, Forest Biologist, Fremont-Winema National Forest Jason Pettigrew, Stewardship Forester, Oregon Department of Forestry Julie Woodward, Senior Manager of Forestry Education, Oregon Forest Resources Institute Nicole Rabbiosi, Office Assistant, Klamath Basin Research and Extension Center Many thanks for funding support from the Oregon Forest Resources Institute over a two-year period. This has been a valuable partnership for our Forest and Natural Resource group—and this is no exception. We would like to dedicate this effort to the many firefighters who have sacrificed much to serve and protect wildlands, homes, resources, and lives. We hope that these modules will provide sufficient education to lessen the risk of living with fire and to generate a respect for fire and firefighters. Trade-name products and services are mentioned as illustrations only. This does not mean that the Oregon State University Extension Service either endorses these products and services or intends to discriminate against products and services not mentioned. © 2017 Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties. Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities, and materials without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, familial/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, genetic information, veteran’s status, reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Oregon State University Extension Service is an AA/EOE/Veterans/Disabled. Published August 2017. 2 Fire Science Core Curriculum Contents Overview: Fire Science Core Curriculum 7 Proposed Agenda 2 Module 1: What is Fire? 1 Overview 2 Learning Objectives Proposed Agenda 2 2 Learning Outcomes Overview 2 2 Content Outline Learning Objectives 2 3 Introduction Learning Outcomes 2 3 Dynamics of Fire Content Outline 2 5 Plant Succession Wildland Fire History 3 7 Fire Regime Fire’s Influence on Cultural Mythology Around the World 8 9 Fire Behavior Across an Environmental Gradient Basic Fire Chemistry 10 9 Example of Wildland Fire Dynamics Across an Environmental Fire Triangle 10 Gradient 10 Fire Behavior Triangle 11 Fire Effects to Abiotic 15 Fire Intensity and Fire Severity 11 Fire Effects to Biotic 15 Notes to Instructor 13 Vegetation Gradients 15 Room Setup 13 Vegetation Succession 17 Total Time Needed 13 Wildlife 19 Equipment/Materials Needed 13 Humans 20 Delivery Methods 14 Notes to Instructor 22 Handouts 14 Room Setup 22 PowerPoints/Videos 14 Total Time Needed 22 Evaluation Instrument 14 Equipment/Materials Needed 23 Activities 14 Delivery Methods 23 I. Fire Starting 14 Handouts 23 II. Tree Examinations 14 PowerPoints/Videos 23 III. Mythology 14 Evaluation Instrument 23 III. (con’t) Personal and Professional Insights 15 Activities 24 IV: Fire Triangle (in-class demonstration) 16 I. Personal and Professional Insights 24 Assessment of Knowledge Gained 16 II. Fire Adaptations 25 (Questions and answers) 16 III. Local Fire Ecology 25 Additional Resources 16 IV. Fire Ecology Crossword 25 Glossary of Terms 17 V. Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) 25 References 18 VI. Fire Ecology Field Trip 25 Evaluations 19 Assessment of Knowledge Gained 26 PowerPoint Slides 22 Additional Resources 27 Module 2: Fire Ecology 1 Glossary of Terms 27 3 Fire Science Core Curriculum References 28 IV: Fire Spread 16 Evaluations 30 Additional Resources 17 PowerPoint Slides 33 Glossary of Terms 18 References 18 Module 3: Fire Behavior 1 Evaluations 20 Proposed Agenda 2 PowerPoint Slides 23 Overview 2 Learning Objectives 2 Module 4: Fire Management 1 Learning Outcomes 2 Proposed Agenda 2 Content Outline 2 Overview 3 Introduction 3 Learning Objectives 3 Fire Behavior Triangle 3 Learning Outcomes 3 Topography 3 Content Outline 3 Fuels (Wildland) 4 Introduction 4 Fuels (Structures) 5 History and Policies 4 Weather 6 Original Standard Fire Fighting Orders 10 Extreme Fire Behavior (Red Flag Warnings) 7 1910 Revisited and How Things Change (A Personal Fire Intensity and Fire Severity 7 Narrative) 14 Fire Intensity and Severity 8 How Things Change 15 Fire Spread 9 The Incident Command System 16 Fire Types 10 The NWCG 17 Fire Regimes 11 More Tragedies Mean More Adaptation 18 Potential Climate Change Effects 12 Standardization 19 Notes to Instructor 13 Wildland and Structural Fires 22 Room Setup 13 Wildland Fires 22 Total Time Needed 13 Structure Fires 23 Equipment/Materials Needed 13 Risk 23 Delivery Methods 13 Put it Out 24 Prep/Background 13 Fire Prevention / Fire Control / Fire Exclusion / Fire Demonstration Set-Up 13 Suppression / Fire Containment 24 Handouts 13 Management Objectives for Fire Suppression 24 PowerPoint 13 Firefighter Helmets 25 Video 14 The Future of Helmets 26 Evaluation Instrument 14 Life and Safety 27 Activities 15 Incident Stabilization 28 I. Personal and Professional Insights 15 Property and Resources 28 II: Fuels 16 Prescribed Fire 29 III: Fire Intensity/Severity 16 Lessons Learned 29 4 Fire Science Core Curriculum Work/Rest 30 Effects Of Smoke 47 Work/Rest Guidelines 30 Forest Dilemma Background Information Sheet #2 47 Regulations: Smoke, Air Quality, and Health 31 The Effects Of The Spruce Bark Beetle 47 Egos, Personalities, and Politics (EPP) 33 What Has Led To The Spruce Bark Beetle Epidemic? 47 Notes to Instructor 33 The Spruce Bark Beetle And The Boreal Forest Ecosystem 47 Room Setup 33 Preventative Measures Against The Bark Beetle 48 Instruction in the Field 33 Various Policies Concerning Tree Removal 48 Total Time Needed 34 Tundra Dilemma Background Information Sheet # 3 48 Equipment/Materials Needed 34 Problems From Fire 48 Delivery Methods 34 Advantages Of Fire 48 Prep/Background 34 Evaluations 51 Handouts 34 PowerPoint Slides 54 PowerPoints/Videos 34 Module 5: Evaluation Instrument 34 Fire Prevention for Home and Landscape 1 Activities 35 Proposed Agendas 2 I. Read and Discuss 35 Overview 3 II. Fire Behavior 35 Learning Objectives 3 III. Fire Exclusion 35 Learning Outcome 3 IV. Field Exercise 35 Content Outline 3 V. Field Exercise 35 Historical Context for Fires 3 VI. Dilemmas in Fire Management Strategies and Tactics 4 (Appendix B) 35 Assessing the Risks 5 VII. Prescribed Fire 35 Resources for Assistance 5 VIII. Smoke 38 Home Ignition Zone - HIZ 7 IX. Living with Fire 38 Defensible Space 7 Assessment of Knowledge Gained 39 Defensible Space Treatments 8 Additional Resources 41 Fuel Treatment Options 10 Glossary of Terms 41 Ready, Set, Go! 11 References 42 Public Wildfire Awareness Campaigns: Smokey & Sparky 12 Appendix A 44 Origins of the Preventing Wildfire Campaigns 13 Personal Reflections 44 Smokey Bear 13 Appendix B 45 The Orphan Cub 13 Dilemmas in Fire Management 45 Sparky the Fire Dog 14 Three Dilemmas 45 Public Safety Education 15 Appendix C 46 Notes to the Instructor 16 Forest Dilemma Background Information Sheet #1 46 Room Setup 16 Fire As A Natural Force 46 Instruction in the Field 16 Prescribed Burning As A Management Tool 46 Total Time Needed 16 5 Fire Science Core Curriculum Equipment/Materials Needed 16 Delivery Method(s) 16 Prep/Background 16 Demonstration Set-up 16 Handouts 16 PowerPoints/Videos 17 Evaluation instrument 17 Activities 18 I. Personal and Professional Insights 18 II. Fact Sheet Reading 19 III. Assessing the Risks 19 IV. Pre-Plans 20 V. Safety/Art 20 VI. Resources for Assistance 20 VII. Home Ignition Zone - HIZ 20 VIII. Defensible Space 21 IX. Defensible Space Treatments 21 X. Action Steps for Around your Home 21 XI. Ready, Set, Go! 21 Assessment of Knowledge Gained 22 Additional Resources 22 Agency Contact Information 22 Glossary of Terms 22 References: 23 Evaluations 25 PowerPoint Slides 29 6 Fire Science Core Curriculum Overview: Fire Science
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