Radiology 101 for Audiologists

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8/20/2019 Important Note* Why the ‘eyes are the liars’ Images in this presentation are used with permission from the sources or as set out Relevance of the AVNS in in the rules of use Patient Care and Management They are not to be reproduced without in whiplash & mTBI Patients permission or used for distribution Referencing and acknowledgment of these copyrights are provided Brenda E. Berge, Au.D. , F-ADA Doctor of Audiology, Fellow ADA Membranous Labyrinths Anterior (superior) semicircular canal and duct Ampullae Dura mater Posterior semicircular Endolymphatic sac canal and duct Endolymphatic duct in Common crus and duct vestibular aqueduct Lateral semicircular Utricle canal and duct Saccule Stapes in oval (vestibular) window Helicotrema of cochlea Incus Ductus reuniens Scala vestibuli Malleus Cochlear duct Tympanic cavity Scala tympani External acoustic meatus Tympanic membrane Cochlear aqueduct Round (cochlear) window (closed by Vestibule secondary tympanic membrane) Vestibulocochlear Nerve: Schema Auditory (Eustachian) tube 1 8/20/2019 Inner Ear Superior division of vestibular nerve (from Anterior (superior) utricle and anterior and lateral ampullae) semicircular duct Anterior membranous ampulla Utricle Lateral membranous ampulla Cochlear duct (basal turn) Common membranous Cochlear nerve duct Lateral semicircular duct Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Posterior semicircular duct Vestibular nerve Saccule Posterior Vestibular ganglion membraneous ampulla Endolymphatic duct Inferior division of vestibular nerve (from saccule and posterior ampulla 2 8/20/2019 Axial T2 MRI Cochlea http://www.emedicine.com/ent/images/Large/597REVD622Ccloseupnorm_2.jpg http://www.emedicine.com/ent/images/Large/664698FIG11.JPG Superior Canal Dehiscence http://www.emedicine.com/ent/images/Large/21472147SCDS.jpg 3 8/20/2019 Auriculotemporal Nerve 4 8/20/2019 Muscles of Neck: Anterior View 5 8/20/2019 VCR VSR VESTIBULOCOLLIC VESTIBULO- REFLEX SPINAL REFLEX ACTS ON THE MUSCLES SENDS DESCENDING IN THE NECK TO MOTOR CONTROL STABLIZE THE HEAD. SIGNALS TO THE THE HEAD RESPONDS MUSCULOSKETAL TO MOVEMENT SENSED BY THE SYSTEM FOR OTOLITHIC OR SCC POSTURAL CONTROL ORGANS. From Halmagyi & Curthoys, In Herdman Cervical Reflexes VOR COR - Cervico-Ocular: Eye movements driven VESTIBULOCULAR by the neck muscle proprioceptors. COR REFLEX supplements the VOR. ALLOWS VISUAL CSR - Cervicospinal: Changes in limb position STABILIZATION driven by neck muscle afferent activity. CSR DURING ACTIVE supplements the VSR. HEAD MOVEMENT CCR - Cervicocollic: Cervical reflex that stabilizes the head on the body. 6 8/20/2019 Peripheral Modified Fully-Supported Hallpike - BPPV pathways for vertigo and nystagmus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Labyrinth IV nerve Vestibular nuclei VI nerve III nerve Scarpa’s Vestibular ganglion nerves Internal auditory canal Vertebral Artery Test VOG Screening- Congenital Nystagmus 7.

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Common Vestibular Function Tests
Common Vestibular Function Tests Authors: Barbara Susan Robinson, PT, DPT; Lisa Heusel-Gillig PT DPT NCS Fact Sheet The purpose of Vestibular Function Tests (VFTs) is to determine the health of the vestibular portion of the inner ear. These tests are commonly performed by ENTs, Audiologists, and Otolaryngologists Electronystagmography or Videonystagmography Electronystagmography (ENG test) or Videonystagmography (VNG test) evaluate the inner ear. Both record eye movements during a group of tests in light and dark rooms. During the ENG test, small electrodes are placed on the skin near the eyes to record eye movements. For the VNG test, eye movements are recorded by a video camera mounted inside of goggles that are worn during testing. ENG and VNG tests evaluate eye movements while following a visual target (tracking Produced by test) or during body and head position changes (positional test). The caloric test evaluates eye movements in response to cool or warm air (or water) placed in the ear canal. If there is no response to warm or cool air or water, ice water may be used in order to try to produce a response. The caloric test determines the difference between the function of the left and right inner ear. During this test, you may experience dizziness or nausea. You may be asked questions (math questions, city names, alphabet tasks) to distract you in order to get the best results. A Special Interest Group of Contact us: ANPT Other Common Vestibular Function Tests 5841 Cedar Lake Rd S. The rotary chair test is used along with the VNG to confirm the diagnosis and assess Ste 204 compensation of the vestibular system.
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NATIONALA RESOURCE CENTER GUIDE FOR FOR EARLY HEARING HEARING ASSESSMENT DETECTION & & MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION Chapter 5 Audiology 101: An Introduction to Audiology for Nonaudiologists Terry Foust, AuD, FAAA, CC-SLP/A; & Jeff Hoffman, MS, CCC-A Parents of young Introduction What is an audiologist? children who are arents of young children who are An audiologist is a specialist in hearing identified as deaf or hard identified as deaf or hard of hearing and balance who typically works in of hearing (DHH) are P(DHH) are suddenly thrust into a either a medical, private practice, or an suddenly thrust into a world of new concepts and a bewildering educational setting. The primary roles of world of new concepts array of terms. What’s a decibel or hertz? an audiologist include the identification and a bewildering array What does sensorineural mean? Is a and assessment of hearing and balance moderate hearing loss one to be concerned problems, the habilitation or rehabilitation of terms. about, since it’s only moderate? What’s of hearing and balance problems, and the a tympanogram or a cochlear implant? prevention of hearing loss. When working These are just a few of the many questions with infants and young children, the that a parent whose child has been primary focus of audiology is hearing. identified as DHH may have. In addition to parents, questions also arise from Audiologists are licensed by the state in professionals and paraprofessionals who which they practice and may be members work in the field of early hearing detection of the American Speech-Language- and intervention (EHDI) and are not Hearing Association (ASHA), American audiologists.
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Audiology and Hearing Aid Services
For more information, call the Hearing Aid Services office nearest you: Comprehensive hearing aid related services Barbourville Bowling Green are available to children diagnosed with (800) 348-4279 (800) 843-5877 permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL). (606) 546-5109 (270) 746-7816 Elizabethtown Hazard Who should be referred to the OCSHCN (800) 995-6982 (800) 378-3357 Hearing Aid Services program? (270) 766-5370 (606) 435-6167 Children who are in need of new or Lexington Louisville replacement hearing aids and want to (800) 817-3874 (800) 232-1160 receive hearing aids and related services (859) 252-3170 (502) 429-4430 through a OCSHCN audiologist and wish to Morehead Owensboro receive Otology care outside of the (800) 928-3049 (877) 687-7038 clinical Otology program. (606) 783-8610 (270) 687-7038 What audiology services are available Paducah Prestonsburg (800) 443-3651 (800) 594-7058 through the OCSHCN Hearing Aid Services (270) 443-3651 (606) 889-1761 program? Licensed, certified audiologists conduct Somerset (800) 525-4279 periodic comprehensive hearing evaluations, (606) 677-4120 hearing aid checks, hearing aid repairs and Audiology and hearing aid evaluations according to ASHA best practices guidelines. Comprehensive Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services Hearing Aid Services Office for Children with Special Health Care Needs reports are provided to the managing 310 Whittington Parkway, Suite 200, Louisville, KY 40222 otolaryngologist on an on-going basis; Phone: (502) 429-4430 or (800) 232-1160 FAX: (502) 429-4489 additional follow up testing will be http://chfs.ky.gov/agencies/ccshcn Information for Parents and Equal Opportunity Employer M/D/F completed at physician request.
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EAR organum vestibulocochleare INTERNAL EAR MIDDLE EAR EXTERNAL EAR PETROSAL BONE- Eq EXTERNAL EAR AURICLE The external ear plays the role of an acoustic antenna: auricle the auricle (together with the head) collects and focuses sound waves, the ear canal act as a resonator. tympanic membrane anular cartilage meatus acusticus externus EXTERNAL EAR EXTERNAL EAR AURICLE scutiform cartilage Auricular muscles: -Dorsal -Ventral -Rostral -Caudal EXTERNAL EAR MEATUS ACUSTICUS EXTERNUS auricular cartilage vertical canal auditory ossicles horizontal cochlea canal auditory tube tympanic tympanic eardrum bulla cavity tympanic membrane MIDDLE EAR Auditory ossicles STAPES INCUS Tympanic cavity: (anvil) (stirrup) - epitympanium - mesotympanium - hypotympanium MALLEUS (hammer) auditory vestibular window- ossicles or oval window through which mechanical stimuli (transmitted by the auditory ossicles) enter the epitympanic internal ear for translation recess into nerve impulses auditory tube (Eustachian tube) cochlear window- or round window tympanic cavity bulla tympanica through which the vibration of the perilympha is absorbed MIDDLE EAR MIDDLE EAR GUTTURAL POUCH- Eq MIDDLE EAR AUDITORY OSSICLES head INCUS processus rostralis (stirrup) STAPES processus muscularis (anvil) manubrium short crus body MALLEUS (hammer) Two muscles of the ossicles: long crus m. tensor tympani- n. tensoris tympani ex. n. base mandibularis (footplate) m. stapedius- n. stapedius ex. n. facialis crus The muscles fix the bones and protect the cochlea crus against the harmful effects
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Anatomy of the Ear ANATOMY & Glossary of Terms
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