4/21/2018
What’s Coming Into Your Clinic ? Is That Contagious ? • Shingles - “Chicken Pox Virus” • Conjunctivitis • HIV /AIDS • Hepatitis
• EKC/Vernal/Viral • TB
“Shingles” – Chicken Pox Virus
A person with active shingles can spread Shingles is a painful rash that develops on the virus when the rash is in the blister one side of the face or phase. A person is not infectious before body. The rash consists the blisters appear. of blisters that typically scab over in 7 to 10 days and will usually clear up Once the rash has within 2 to 4 weeks. developed crusts, the Before the rash develops, people often have pain, person is no longer itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. This may happen anywhere from 1 to 5 days contagious. before the rash appears.
Practo.com
The virus that Once the rash causes shingles, develops crusts, varicella zoster virus, can spread from a the person is no person with active shingles to cause longer considered chickenpox in someone who never had infectious. chickenpox or received chickenpox vaccine. The virus is spread through direct contact HSV-1 causes cold sores and HSV-2 with fluid from the rash blisters. causes genital herpes. findatopdoc.com diseasespictures.com
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Hutchinson Sign
“Vesicles” on the tip of the nose precedes the development of It begins with an epithelial ophthalmic herpes zoster. infection of the eye & Myth ???? When the tip of the nose corneal nerves. Primary is involved, the cornea of the eye infection usually begins as a is affected by shingles. This occurs swelling of the eye conjunctiva “because the nasocialliary branch of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V Facial) and eyelids accompanied by white, itchy lesions on the innervates both the cornea corneal surface. The lesions can cause minor damage and the side of the nose ! to the epithelium (superficial punctate keratitis), to When this happens, it is called zoster more serious damage such as dendritic keratitis. The keratitis can cause scarring ulcers. Infection is unilateral, affecting one eye at a and in severe cases, blindness time. MEDICINENET.COM lookfordiagnosis.com
Herpes Dendrite Zostavax Vaccine
Patients with HSV Zoster vaccines includes a number of vaccines Keratitis may that have been shown to reduce the incidence complain of the of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster vaccine is effective in preventing herpes zoster disease for a following: period of up to three years . The CDC recommends that the * Pain live vaccine be given to all • Photophobia adults age 60 and over, including • Blurred vision those who have had a previous • Tearing episode of shingles, since more • Redness than 99 % of Americans ages 40 and older have had chickenpox . Medilinks.blogspot.com (Wikipedia)
CONJUNCTIVITIS
Viral conjunctivitis is Viral conjunctivitis can also spread during highly contagious. a respiratory tract infection because of Most viruses that cause conjunctivitis spread coughing. through hand to eye Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), is a from handling severe type of conjunctivitis, and is objects that are commonly caused contaminated with the virus. Having contact with infectious tears, eye by contact infection discharge, fecal matter, or respiratory With a patient that has discharges can contaminate hands adenovirus . lookfordiagnosis.com ocreyemd.com
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People with A subepithelial EKC usually infiltrate can appear complain of as a whitish area on a sudden onset of eye redness, irritation, the cornea that can soreness, light sensitivity and excessive tearing. temporally reduce vision. Some people with the infection say that it feels Some people may also have swollen lymph nodes in like they have sand and/or foreign body sensation in the eye. Both the eye, and eyelids, front of the ear. Patients sometimes develop a can become swollen, red and irritated. The viral mucus-type membrane called a pseudomembrane infection usually involves one eye first, then on the tissue under the lower eyelid on the eventually infects the other eye. conjunctiva studyblue.com
Viral Conjunctivitis:“ Pink Eye”
Viral conjunctivitis is a common, self limiting Transmission of the virus can occur condition that is typically through contact with the virus from the caused by adenovirus. infected patient's hands or by contact Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious, usually with respiratory droplets, lasting 10-12 days from infection usually resolves onset and is active as long spontaneously within as the eyes are red. 2-4 weeks. Patients should avoid touching their eyes, shaking hands, and sharing towels, napkins, or pillow cases. incolors.club
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Patients should be instructed to use cold In newborns, the infection compresses and lubricants, can occur in infants born to such as mothers with chlamydia chilled because they pick it up artificial tears, for coming through the birth comfort. Topical canal. vasoconstrictors and Symptoms develop 5 to 12 antihistamines may days after birth. The infant often also has the infection else in their body (i.e lungs). be used for severe Presents with a mucopurulent discharge, +++ lid swelling, and itching but generally red, thickened lids are not prescribed.
studyblue.com
3 4/21/2018
Trachoma: Leading Cause of Blindness In The World A chronic follicular bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis that is transmitted from person “ Trachoma is the to person through contact leading preventable with discharge from the eyes or nose of an infected cause of blindness person, through shared items, worldwide. The World Health Organization or by in areas where hygiene is poor. +++ FLIES in poor nations. (WHO) estimates that 6 million people have been blinded by trachoma. Most blinding This causes scarring of the trachoma occurs in poor areas of Africa. eyelid, conjunctiva, and cornea. Among children under 5, prevalence of active Repeat infections occur in trachoma infections can be 60 percent or children younger than 10 years of age more.” theconversation.com byebyedoctor.com
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common form of bacterial conjunctivitis in outpatient healthcare settings. Patients need to be brought from the waiting room back upon arrival to prevent waiting room contamination !!!!!
lenspick.com goldbamboo.com
Prevention is partly by handwashing. Treatment depends on the underlying • Can be caused by cause. In the majority of viral cases, • Staphylococcus there is no specific treatment. • aureus, • Streptococcus • Pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, orChlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CDC.org) • Can be spread easily and is the leading cause of children being absent from daycare or school • More common in kids than adults
mypersonalhygiene.com
4 4/21/2018
IF You Have Conjunctivitis….what should you do to prevent spreading it ?? Is TB contagious ?
• Wash your hands often with soap and warm water. Wash them especially well before and after cleaning, or applying eye drops or ointment to, your infected eye. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains Pulmonary TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) at least 60% alcohol to clean hands. • Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes. is contagious. It spreads when a person who • With clean hands, wash any discharge from around your eye(s) several times a day using a clean, wet washcloth or fresh cotton ball. Throw away cotton balls after use, has active TB exhales and wash used washcloths with hot water and detergent, then wash your hands again with soap and warm water. and another person • Do not use the same eye drop dispenser/bottle for your infected and non infected eyes. • Wash pillowcases, sheets, washcloths, and towels often in hot water and inhales the bacteria. detergent • Stop wearing contact lenses until your eye doctor says it’s okay to start wearing Coughing, sneezing or them again. • Do not share personal items, such as pillows, washcloths, towels, eye drops, eye even laughing, or face makeup, makeup brushes, contact lenses, contact lens storage cases, or eyeglasses. can also release bacteria. • Do not use swimming pools. Not everyone infected CDC.org with TB bacteria becomes sick. They can be carriers. Wikipedia.com
Signs and Symptoms
Tuberculosis germs don’t thrive on surfaces. Symptoms include: fever, chills, night sweats, loss of You can't get TB by: appetite, weight loss, and fatigue. May also * Giving an infected person a hug or a kiss include chest pain and a * Using the same toothbrush prolonged cough * Eating or drinking after an infected person producing sputum. * Shaking hands About 25% of people may not • Sharing clothing, a bed, or have any symptoms. towels Occasionally, people can • Using the same toilet as cough up small amounts an infected person of blood
healthtuberculosis.weebly.com
Latent TB
A patient that has latent TB often usually doesn’t feel sick nor do they have any symptoms. They are infected with M. tuberculosis, but do not have TB disease. The only sign of TB infection is a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test or TB blood test. Persons with latent TB infection are not infectious and cannot spread TB infection to others. Overall, without treatment, about 5 to 10% of infected persons will develop TB disease at some time in their lives. About half of those people who develop TB will do so within the first two years of infection.
CDC.org Slideshare.com
5 4/21/2018
Mantoux Test
tbskintesting.weebly.com
Slideshare.net Wikipedia.com
“Red Snappers”
Dailymail.co.uk tumview.com
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It can There are 5 main be self-limiting (like Hepatitis A) or can hepatitis viruses, progress to liver cancer. referred to as Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of types A, B, C, D hepatitis in the world but and E. In other infections, toxic particular, substances ( alcohol, drugs), types B and/or autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis. and C lead to chronic disease. and cancer
WHO.org reallab.net
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HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a retro ingestion of contaminated food or water with virus that lives in your system and can lead to feces. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as systemic infection. It infects humans only a result of contact with infected body fluids. by attacking the immune system, making it Common modes of transmission for these unable to work efficiently. viruses include receipt of contaminated AIDS is the condition or blood or blood products, invasive medical syndrome. Being infected procedures using contaminated equipment with HIV can lead to AIDS and for hepatitis B transmission from (acquired immunodeficiency mother to baby at birth, from family syndrome). member to child, and also by sexual contact.
asrs.org
Infections Related to HIV/AIDS ** Tuberculosis (TB). TB is the most common ** Kaposi's sarcoma. opportunistic infection associated with HIV. It's This cancer is rare in a leading cause of death among people with AIDS. people not infected with ** Cytomegalovirus. Virus is transmitted in body fluids (saliva, blood, urine, semen and breast milk). A HIV, but common in HIV positive people. healthy immune system inactivates the virus, and it Usually appears as pink, red or purple lesions remains dormant in your body. on the skin and mouth. In darker skinned When the immune system weakens, people , the lesions may look dark brown or the virus re-activates causing damage throughout your systems/ black. Kaposi's sarcoma can also affect the organs (including the eye). Lungs and internal organs.
gopixpic.com ophthnotes.com
While you can have an HIV infection without HIV is transmitted from one person to having AIDS, people diagnosed with AIDS have another through the exchange of bodily fluids. Most commonly, infection is HIV. transmitted through unprotected sex or Because there is through using contaminated needles. Less no cure, the HIV commonly, one can become infected through a tainted blood transfusion or a mother can infection never pass the infection to her child during goes away, even pregnancy. While it can live on an inanimate surface…. It is only for an extremely short if AIDS never period of time after it comes into contact develops. with oxygen and outside air.
HIV-1 budding (in green) from cultured lymphocyte…wikipedia.com
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avert.org Incolors.club.
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