Accuracy of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time Of
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Atomic and Molecular Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Selected Pharmaceuticals
Article Atomic and Molecular Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Selected Pharmaceuticals Pravin Kumar Tiwari 1,2, Nilesh Kumar Rai 3, Rohit Kumar 3, Christian G. Parigger 4 and Awadhesh Kumar Rai 2,* 1 Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382428, India 2 Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India 3 CMP Degree College, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Pragyagraj-211002, India 4 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Tennessee, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Center for Laser Applications, 411 B.H. Goethert Parkway, Tullahoma, TN 37388-9700, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-532-2460993 Received: 10 June 2019; Accepted: 10 July 2019; Published: 19 July 2019 Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of pharmaceutical drugs that contain paracetamol was investigated in air and argon atmospheres. The characteristic neutral and ionic spectral lines of various elements and molecular signatures of CN violet and C2 Swan band systems were observed. The relative hardness of all drug samples was measured as well. Principal component analysis, a multivariate method, was applied in the data analysis for demarcation purposes of the drug samples. The CN violet and C2 Swan spectral radiances were investigated for evaluation of a possible correlation of the chemical and molecular structures of the pharmaceuticals. Complementary Raman and Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopies were used to record the molecular spectra of the drug samples. The application of the above techniques for drug screening are important for the identification and mitigation of drugs that contain additives that may cause adverse side-effects. Keywords: paracetamol; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; cyanide; carbon swan bands; principal component analysis; Raman spectroscopy; Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy 1. -
Mycobacteria of Veterinary Interest
Rev. salud pública. 12 sup (2): 67-70, 2010 Virulence and pathogenicity - Conferences 67 Poster Presentation Mycobacteria of veterinary interest Production and potency of PPDs Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium fortuitum isolated soils from La Pampa-Argentina Amelia Bernardelli1, Bernardo Alonso2, Delia Oriani3 1 SENASA, Dirección de Laboratorio y Control Técnico(DILAB),Lab. de Referencia en Paratuberculosis y Tuberculosis Bovina de la OIE, Buenos Aires-Republica Argentina. 2 SENASA (DILAB). 3 Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Gral. Pico, La Pampa -Republica Argentina. The Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM),whose habitat the environment has ac- quired importance in the last years because of the immunosupressed patients, in- fected HIV ,and also in develop countries that have managed to eradicated the bovine tuberculosis. Where it has been verified that certain NTM interfere in the diagnosis of tuberculosis when it is applied to the delayed hypersensitivity test with purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin from Mycobacterium bovis. In the works to field exists controversy about the relevance of these environmental mycobacteria when control and eradication of animal tuberculosis are applied.The production of PPDs from the isolated soils from the province of La Pampa and the verification of the possible crossed reaction with bovine tuberculin PPD, prescribed test for international trade. Two lots of PPDs corresponding of M. phlei and M. fortuitum were elaborated with a protein content of 1.5mg/mL both.Guinea pigs were sensitized with dead M. phlei, M. fortuitum and M. bovis.After 60 days the potency tests were made bioassay at the guinea pigs, using also like standard of reference bovine PPD,Lot.N°5 DILAB and employing a Latin square design. -
Nitrogen-15 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, I
VOL. 51, 1964 CHEMISTRY: LAMBERT, BINSCH, AND ROBERTS 735 11 Felsenfeld, G., G. Sandeen, and P. von Hippel, these PROCEEDINGS, 50, 644 (1963). 12Bollum, F. J., J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 62 (Suppi. 1), 61 (1963); Von Borstel, R. C., D. M. Prescott, and F. J. Bollum, J. Cell Biol., 19, 72A (1963). 13 Huang, R. C., and J. Bonner, these PROCEEDINGS, 48, 216 (1962); Allfrey, V. G., V. C. Littau, and A. E. Mirsky, these PROCEEDINGS, 49, 414 (1963). 14 Baxill, G. W., and J. St. L. Philpot, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 76, 223 (1963). NITROGEN-15 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY, I. CHEMICAL SHIFTS* BY JOSEPH B. LAMBERT, GERHARD BINSCH, AND JOHN D. ROBERTS GATES AND CRELLIN LABORATORIES OF CHEMISTRY, t CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Communicated March 23, 1964 Except for the original determination' of nuclear moments, nitrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been limited to the isotope of mass number 14. Al- though N14 is an abundant isotope, it possesses an electric quadrupole moment, which seriously broadens the resonances of nitrogen in all but the most sym- metrical of environments.2 Consequently, nitrogen n.m.r. spectroscopy has seen only limited use in the determination of organic structure. It might be expected that N15, which has a spin of 1/2 and no quadrupole moment, would be very useful, but the low natural abundance (0.36%) and the inherently low signal intensity (1.04 X 10-3 that of H' at constant field) have thus far precluded utilization of N15 in n.m.r. spectroscopy'3 Resonance signals from N'5 have now been obtained from a series of N"5-enriched (30-99%) compounds with a Varian model 4300B spectrometer operated at 6.08 Mc/sec and 14,100 gauss. -
2. Molecular Stucture/Basic Spectroscopy the Electromagnetic Spectrum
2. Molecular stucture/Basic spectroscopy The electromagnetic spectrum Spectral region fooatocadr atomic and molecular spectroscopy E. Hecht (2nd Ed.) Optics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,1987 Per-Erik Bengtsson Spectral regions Mo lecu lar spec troscopy o ften dea ls w ith ra dia tion in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) spectltral reg ions. • The visible region is from 400 nm – 700 nm • The ultraviolet region is below 400 nm • The infrared region is above 700 nm. 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm Spectroscopy: That part of science which uses emission and/or absorption of radiation to deduce atomic/molecular properties Per-Erik Bengtsson Some basics about spectroscopy E = Energy difference = c /c h = Planck's constant, 6.63 10-34 Js ergy nn = Frequency E hn = h/hc /l E = h = hc / c = Velocity of light, 3.0 108 m/s = Wavelength 0 Often the wave number, , is used to express energy. The unit is cm-1. = E / hc = 1/ Example The energy difference between two states in the OH-molecule is 35714 cm-1. Which wavelength is needed to excite the molecule? Answer = 1/ =35714 cm -1 = 1/ = 280 nm. Other ways of expressing this energy: E = hc/ = 656.5 10-19 J E / h = c/ = 9.7 1014 Hz Per-Erik Bengtsson Species in combustion Combustion involves a large number of species Atoms oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), etc. formed by dissociation at high temperatures Diatomic molecules nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) nitr icoxide (NO), hy droxy l (OH), CH, e tc. -
The Power of Crowding for the Origins of Life
Orig Life Evol Biosph (2014) 44:307–311 DOI 10.1007/s11084-014-9382-5 ORIGIN OF LIFE The Power of Crowding for the Origins of Life Helen Greenwood Hansma Received: 2 October 2014 /Accepted: 2 October 2014 / Published online: 14 January 2015 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 Abstract Molecular crowding increases the likelihood that life as we know it would emerge. In confined spaces, diffusion distances are shorter, and chemical reactions produce fewer and more regular products. Crowding will occur in the spaces between Muscovite mica sheets, which has many advantages as a site for life’s origins. Keywords Muscovite mica . Molecular crowding . Origin of life . Mechanochemistry. Abiogenesis . Chemical confinement effects . Chirality. Protocells Cells are crowded. Protein molecules in cells are typically so close to each other that there is room for only one protein molecule between them (Phillips, Kondev et al. 2008). This is nothing like a dilute ‘prebiotic soup.’ Therefore, by analogy with living cells, the origins of life were probably also crowded. Molecular Confinement Effects Many chemical reactions are limited by the time needed for reactants to diffuse to each other. Shorter distances speed up these reactions. Molecular complementarity is another principle of life in which pairs or groups of molecules form specific interactions (Root-Bernstein 2012). Current examples are: enzymes & substrates & cofactors; nucleic acid base pairs; antigens & antibodies; nucleic acid - protein interactions. Molecular complementarity is likely to have been involved at life’s origins and also benefits from crowding. Mineral surfaces are a likely place for life’s origins and for formation of polymeric molecules (Orgel 1998). -
Recovery of <I>Salmonella, Listeria Monocytogenes,</I> and <I>Mycobacterium Bovis</I> from Cheese Enteri
47 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 70, No. 1, 2007, Pages 47–52 Copyright ᮊ, International Association for Food Protection Recovery of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium bovis from Cheese Entering the United States through a Noncommercial Land Port of Entry HAILU KINDE,1* ANDREA MIKOLON,2 ALFONSO RODRIGUEZ-LAINZ,3 CATHY ADAMS,4 RICHARD L. WALKER,5 SHANNON CERNEK-HOSKINS,3 SCARLETT TREVISO,2 MICHELE GINSBERG,6 ROBERT RAST,7 BETH HARRIS,8 JANET B. PAYEUR,8 STEVE WATERMAN,9 AND ALEX ARDANS5 1California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, 105 West Central Avenue, San Bernardino, California 92408, and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616; 2Animal Health & Food Safety Services Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/70/1/47/1680020/0362-028x-70_1_47.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 Division, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 1220 North Street, Sacramento, California 95814; 3California Office of Binational Border Health, California Department of Health Services, 3851 Rosecrans Street, San Diego, California 92138; 4San Diego County Public Health Laboratory, 3851 Rosecrans Street, San Diego, California 92110; 5CAHFS-Davis, Health Sciences Drive, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616; 6Community Epidemiology Division, County of San Diego Health and Human Services, 1700 Pacific Highway, San Diego, California 92186; 7U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2320 Paseo De -
Mycobacterium Bovis, Summer Food Safety and Adolescent Immunizations
Mycobacterium Bovis, Summer Food Safety and Adolescent Immunizations Summer 2013 Mycobacterium Bovis In the United States, the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in people are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is another mycobacterium that can cause TB disease in people. M. bovis causes a relatively small proportion, less than 2%, of the total number of cases of TB disease in the United States. This accounts for less than 230 TB cases per year in the United States. M. bovis transmission from cattle to people was once common in the United States. This has been greatly reduced by decades of disease control in cattle and by routine pasteurization of cow’s milk. People are most commonly infected with M. bovis by eating or drinking contaminated, unpasteurized dairy products. The pasteurization process, which destroys disease-causing organisms in milk by rapidly heating and then cooling the milk, eliminates M. bovis from milk products. Infection can also occur from direct contact with a wound, such as what might occur during slaughter or hunting, or by inhaling the bacteria in air exhaled by animals infected with M. bovis. Direct transmission from animals to humans through the air is thought to be rare, but M. bovis can be spread directly from person to person when people with the disease in their lungs cough or sneeze. Not all M. bovis infections progress to TB disease, so there may be no symptoms at all. In people, symptoms of TB disease caused by M. bovis are similar to the symptoms of TB caused by M. -
Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium Bovis Infection in A
Ikuta et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2018) 14:289 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1618-6 CASEREPORT Open Access Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection in a captive-bred American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana) Cassia Yumi Ikuta2* , Laura Reisfeld1, Bruna Silvatti1, Fernanda Auciello Salvagni2, Catia Dejuste de Paula2, Allan Patrick Pessier3, José Luiz Catão-Dias2 and José Soares Ferreira Neto2 Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is widely known as a progressive disease that affects endothermic animals, leading to death and/or economical losses, while mycobacterial infections in amphibians are commonly due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. To the authors’ knowledge, this report describes the first case of bovine tuberculosis in a poikilothermic animal. Case presentation: An adult female captive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802) died in a Brazilian aquarium. Multiple granulomas with acid-fast bacilli were observed in several organs. Identification of Mycobacterium bovis was accomplished by culture and PCR methods. The other animals from the same enclosure were euthanized, but no evidence of mycobacterial infection was observed. Conclusions: The American bullfrog was introduced in several countries around the world as an alternative husbandry, and its production is purposed for zoological and aquarium collections, biomedical research, education, human consumption and pet market. The present report warns about an episode of bovine tuberculosis in an amphibian, therefore further studies are necessary to define this frog species’ role in the epidemiology of M. bovis. Keywords: Amphibian, Bovine tuberculosis, Bullfrog, Mycobacterium bovis Background most NTM infections in amphibians are thought to be The genus Mycobacterium comprises several species, opportunistic and acquired from environmental sources, such as members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis such as soil, water and biofilms [5, 6]. -
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium Bovis Cattle Isolates, Algeria
pathogens Article Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis Cattle Isolates, Algeria Fatah Tazerart 1,2,3, Jamal Saad 3,4, Naima Sahraoui 2, Djamel Yala 5, Abdellatif Niar 6 and Michel Drancourt 3,4,* 1 Laboratoire d’Agro Biotechnologie et de Nutrition des Zones Semi Arides, Université Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; [email protected] 2 Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; [email protected] 3 Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] 4 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille-Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France 5 Laboratoire National de Référence pour la Tuberculose et Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Alger 16015, Algeria; [email protected] 6 Laboratoire de Reproduction des Animaux de la Ferme, Université Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, is present in Algeria. In Algeria however, the M. bovis population structure is unknown, limiting understanding of the sources and transmission of bovine tuberculosis. In this study, we identified the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 13 M. bovis strains isolated from animals exhibiting lesions compatible with tuberculosis, which were slaughtered and inspected in five slaughterhouses in Algeria. We found that six isolates were grouped together with reference clinical strains of M. bovis genotype-Unknown2. One isolate was related to M. Citation: Tazerart, F.; Saad, J.; bovis genotype-Unknown7, one isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown4, three isolates Sahraoui, N.; Yala, D.; Niar, A.; belonged to M. -
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science Department of July 2001 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine N. Beth Harris University of Nebraska - Lincoln Raul G. Barletta University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/vetscipapers Part of the Veterinary Medicine Commons Harris, N. Beth and Barletta, Raul G., "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine" (2001). Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science. 5. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/vetscipapers/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 2001, p. 489–512 Vol. 14, No. 3 0893-8512/01/$04.00ϩ0 DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.489–512.2001 Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine N. BETH HARRIS AND RAU´ L G. BARLETTA* Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0905 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................489 -
Case Series and Review of the Literature of Mycobacterium Chelonae Infections of the Lower Extremities
CHAPTER 10 Case Series and Review of the Literature of Mycobacterium chelonae Infections of the Lower Extremities Edmund Yu, DPM Patricia Forg, DPM Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone, MD, MPH INTRODUCTION outbreaks of rapid growing NTM infections (M chelonae, M abscessus) linked to water exposure in the context of pedicures Mycobacterial infections include Mycobacterium tuberculosis or recent surgery/trauma (10-13). complex (e.g., M tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium The clinical manifestations of M chelonae infections include leprae), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), and other skin/soft tissue or skeletal (tendon, joint, bone) infections non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), the latter of which after local inoculation of the organism. Examination findings includes over 150 diverse species. NTM are differentiated can resemble cellulitis, subcutaneous abscesses, or multiple from mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis because they are vesicular lesions (1), however there are no pathognomonic not spread by human-to-human transmission, rather are signs to differentiate it from other microbiologic causes ubiquitous in the environment including water, soil, and (6,14). Their proliferation can be masked within a chronic plant material, with tap water being considered the major non-healing wound or a prior non-healing surgical site. The reservoir for human infections (1). Routes of infection include non-pathognomonic and often indolent findings associated cutaneous inoculation including in the setting of open wounds. with M chelonae infections signify the need for a thorough Organisms are identified as acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive on clinical and diagnostic work-up for their identification. This staining and subsequent growth on specialized mycobacterium includes early clinical suspicion and collection of mycobacterial culture media (2,3). -
Mycobacterium Bovis Isolates with M. Tuberculosis Specific Characteristics
gene (6). Furthermore, MTBC isolates can be differentiat- Mycobacterium ed by large sequence polymorphisms or regions of differ- ence (RD), and according to their distribution in the bovis Isolates with genome, a new phylogenetic scenario for the different species of the MTBC has been suggested (7–9). The pres- M. tuberculosis ence or absence of particular deletions has been proposed as being discriminative, e.g., lack of TdB1 for M. tubercu- Specific losis or lack of RD12 for M. bovis. In routine diagnostics, the combination of phenotypic Characteristics characteristics and biochemical features is sufficient to dif- ferentiate clinical M. bovis isolates, and in general, the Tanja Kubica,* Rimma Agzamova,† results obtained are unambiguous. However, here we Abigail Wright,‡ Galimzhan Rakishev,† describe the characteristics of 8 strains of the MTBC that Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes,* and Stefan Niemann* showed an unusual combination of phenotypic and bio- Our study is the first report of exceptional chemical attributes of both M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis strains that have some characteris- Molecular analyses confirmed the strains as M. bovis, tics of M. tuberculosis. The strains were isolated from 8 which in part have phenotypic and biochemical properties patients living in Kazakhstan. While molecular markers of M. tuberculosis. were typical for M. bovis, growth characteristics and bio- chemical test results were intermediate between M. bovis The Study and M. tuberculosis. During a previous investigation of 179 drug-resistant isolates from Kazakhstan (10), we determined the presence ycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis (TB) mainly of 8 strains showing monoresistance to pyrazinamide. M in cattle but has a broad host range and causes dis- Kazakhstan is the largest of the central Asian republics and ease similar to that caused by M.