Uranus: 27 Moons and Counting

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uranus: 27 Moons and Counting Uranus: 27 Moons and Counting Introduction: The late 1700’s and early 1800’s were exiting times in the fields of science and technology. During the life of Elizabeth Monroe enlightenment ideas and ideals advanced many field of science dramatically. One of these fields was astronomy. German born British astronomer Sir Frederick William Herschel was an amateur astronomer, as well as a composer; indeed, it was his interest in music that led him to the study of mathematics and eventually lenses. As telescopes were not readily available and the parts for one Herschel desired to make were not easy to procure he decided to construct his own telescope. He was able to accomplish this through his study of mirrors and lenses. On March 13, 1781, while scanning the skies with a 7-inch reflecting telescope he noticed the object that was eventually found to be the planet Uranus. In 1782, he actually identified the planet Uranus and two of its moons, Titania and Oberon. It is worth noting that Herschel’s sister, Caroline, was also a noted astronomer at a time when women did not participate in the sciences very much. She is credited with discovering several comets, some of which are named for her in some way. Today, 27 moons surrounding the planet Uranus have been discovered. Objectives: 1. You will create a graphic table that lists all of the 27 Moons of Uranus along with the year they were discovered and their discoverer. The following information will be included on the chart: the names of the 27 moon of Uranus, the year they were discovered and the person or technology that discovered them. You may use an online poster maker to complete your work or an online table maker. Make sure that your resource is free. Do not forget to cite your sources. 2. You will use free online resources to create a timeline of discovery of the moons of Uranus. You will use a free online timeline creator to create a timeline of the discovery of the moons of Uranus. The timeline must contain the year the moon was discovered and the discoverer. You can search “free timeline creator”. Do not forget to cite your sources. 3. You will create a Multimedia Presentation (Powerpoint, Presi, etc) that has one page for each of the moons of Uranus. Each page will contain the following information: the year it was discovered, the discoverer, the diameter of the moon and the mass of the moon. The PowerPoint Presentation will have one page for each of the moons of Uranus. Each page will contain the following information: The year it was discovered, the discoverer, the diameter of the moon and the mass of the moon. Do not forget to cite your sources. Materials Required: Computer with PowerPoint and Internet access table from the following website: http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Science/moons-of-uranus.php Images of the moons (when possible—try NASA website). When each group completes its project, students will present their work to the class (on Friday). Links to your work should be sent to me ([email protected]) no later than Thursday evening. There will be a follow up assignment for after the presentations. .
Recommended publications
  • Chapter Two: the Astronomers and Extraterrestrials
    Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions The Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials, Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction, One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research , If electronic transmission of reserve material is used for purposes in excess of what constitutes "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. • THE EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE DEBATE 1750-1900 The idea of a plurality of worlds from Kant to Lowell J MICHAEL]. CROWE University of Notre Dame TII~ right 0/ ,It, U,,;v"Jily 0/ Camb,idg4' to P'''''' a"d s,1I all MO""" of oooks WM grattlrd by H,rr,y Vlf(;ff I $J4. TM U,wNn;fyltas pritr"d and pu"fisllrd rOffti",.ously sincr J5U. Cambridge University Press Cambridge London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydney Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge In lovi ng The Pirr Building, Trumpingron Srreer, Cambridge CB2. I RP Claire H 32. Easr 57th Streer, New York, NY 1002.2., U SA J 0 Sramford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia and Mi ha © Cambridge Univ ersiry Press 1986 firsr published 1986 Prinred in rh e Unired Srares of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Crowe, Michael J. The exrrarerresrriallife debare '750-1900. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Pluraliry of worlds - Hisrory.
    [Show full text]
  • Thinking Outside the Sphere Views of the Stars from Aristotle to Herschel Thinking Outside the Sphere
    Thinking Outside the Sphere Views of the Stars from Aristotle to Herschel Thinking Outside the Sphere A Constellation of Rare Books from the History of Science Collection The exhibition was made possible by generous support from Mr. & Mrs. James B. Hebenstreit and Mrs. Lathrop M. Gates. CATALOG OF THE EXHIBITION Linda Hall Library Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering and Technology Cynthia J. Rogers, Curator 5109 Cherry Street Kansas City MO 64110 1 Thinking Outside the Sphere is held in copyright by the Linda Hall Library, 2010, and any reproduction of text or images requires permission. The Linda Hall Library is an independently funded library devoted to science, engineering and technology which is used extensively by The exhibition opened at the Linda Hall Library April 22 and closed companies, academic institutions and individuals throughout the world. September 18, 2010. The Library was established by the wills of Herbert and Linda Hall and opened in 1946. It is located on a 14 acre arboretum in Kansas City, Missouri, the site of the former home of Herbert and Linda Hall. Sources of images on preliminary pages: Page 1, cover left: Peter Apian. Cosmographia, 1550. We invite you to visit the Library or our website at www.lindahlll.org. Page 1, right: Camille Flammarion. L'atmosphère météorologie populaire, 1888. Page 3, Table of contents: Leonhard Euler. Theoria motuum planetarum et cometarum, 1744. 2 Table of Contents Introduction Section1 The Ancient Universe Section2 The Enduring Earth-Centered System Section3 The Sun Takes
    [Show full text]
  • The Rings and Inner Moons of Uranus and Neptune: Recent Advances and Open Questions
    Workshop on the Study of the Ice Giant Planets (2014) 2031.pdf THE RINGS AND INNER MOONS OF URANUS AND NEPTUNE: RECENT ADVANCES AND OPEN QUESTIONS. Mark R. Showalter1, 1SETI Institute (189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, mshowal- [email protected]! ). The legacy of the Voyager mission still dominates patterns or “modes” seem to require ongoing perturba- our knowledge of the Uranus and Neptune ring-moon tions. It has long been hypothesized that numerous systems. That legacy includes the first clear images of small, unseen ring-moons are responsible, just as the nine narrow, dense Uranian rings and of the ring- Ophelia and Cordelia “shepherd” ring ε. However, arcs of Neptune. Voyager’s cameras also first revealed none of the missing moons were seen by Voyager, sug- eleven small, inner moons at Uranus and six at Nep- gesting that they must be quite small. Furthermore, the tune. The interplay between these rings and moons absence of moons in most of the gaps of Saturn’s rings, continues to raise fundamental dynamical questions; after a decade-long search by Cassini’s cameras, sug- each moon and each ring contributes a piece of the gests that confinement mechanisms other than shep- story of how these systems formed and evolved. herding might be viable. However, the details of these Nevertheless, Earth-based observations have pro- processes are unknown. vided and continue to provide invaluable new insights The outermost µ ring of Uranus shares its orbit into the behavior of these systems. Our most detailed with the tiny moon Mab. Keck and Hubble images knowledge of the rings’ geometry has come from spanning the visual and near-infrared reveal that this Earth-based stellar occultations; one fortuitous stellar ring is distinctly blue, unlike any other ring in the solar alignment revealed the moon Larissa well before Voy- system except one—Saturn’s E ring.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Optical Astronomy, by Caroline Herschel and Lyman Spitzer
    Online Modules from The University of Chicago Multiwavelength Astronomy: The History of Optical Astronomy, by Caroline Herschel and Lyman Spitzer http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/multiwavelength-astronomy/optical/history/index.html Subject(s): Astronomy/Space Science Grade(s) Level: 9-12 Duration: One Class Period Objectives: As a result of reading The History of Optical Astronomy, students will be able to • Discriminate between reflecting and refracting telescope designs and describe the differences between them; • Explain how a telescope focuses light; • Articulate the limitations of ground-based telescopes and propose solutions to these limitations; • Identify important astronomical discoveries made and personages working in the optical regime; • Discuss examples of problem-solving and creativity in astronomy. Materials: Internet connection and browser for displaying the lesson. Pre-requisites: Students should be familiar with the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Before using the lesson, students should familiarize themselves with all vocabulary terms. Procedures: Students will read the lesson and answer assessment questions (listed under evaluation). Introduction: In reading this lesson, you will meet important individuals in the History of Optical Astronomy. They are: Caroline Lucretia Herschel was a German-born British astronomer and the sister of astronomer Sir William Herschel. She is the discoverer of several comets, in particular, the periodic comet 35P/Herschel-Rigollet, which bears her name. Lyman Strong Spitzer, Jr. was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. He carried out research into star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, conceived the idea of telescopes operating in outer space. Spitzer is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. 1 Online Modules from The University of Chicago William Herschel was an astronomer and composer.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensing the Invisible: the Herschel Experiment
    MESS E N G E R S ENSIN G THE I NVISIB L E Y R HE ERSCHEL XPERIMENT U T H E C R E M TO N M I S S I O L E S S O N O V E RV I E W GRADE LEVEL 5 - 8 L ESSON S UMMARY In this lesson, students find out that there is radiation other than visible light arriving from the Sun. The students reproduce a version of William DURATION 1-2 hours Herschel’s experiment of 800 that discovered the existence of infrared radiation. The process of conducting the experiment and placing it in the historical context illustrates how scientific discoveries are often made ESSENTIAL QUESTION via creative thinking, careful design of the experiment, and adaptation of Are there forms of light other than visible light the experiment to accommodate unexpected results. Students discuss emitted by the Sun? current uses of infrared radiation and learn that it is both very beneficial and a major concern for planetary explorations such as the MESSENGER mission to Mercury. Lesson 1 of Grades 5-8 Component of Staying Cool O BJECTIVES Students will be able to: ▼ Construct a device to measure the presence of infrared radiation in sunlight. ▼ Explain that visible light is only part of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation emitted by the Sun. ▼ Follow the path taken by Herschel through scientific discovery. ▼ Explain why we would want to use infrared radiation to study Mercury and other planets. ▼ Explain how excess infrared radiation is a concern for the MESSENGER mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Solar System
    Reader Moons of Our Solar System by Mick Roszel Genre Build Background Access Content Extend Language Expository • The Solar • Diagrams • Word Nonfi ction System • Captions Meanings • Planets and and Labels Moons • Glossary • Moon • Fact Box Geography Scott Foresman Reading Street 4.5.5 ì<(sk$m)=becbbi<ISBN 0-328-14211-5 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U 114211_CVR.indd4211_CVR.indd CCover1over1 33/8/05/8/05 99:26:20:26:20 PPMM Talk About It 1. What is a moon? 2. Look at the diagram on page 4. Describe three things itMoons shows about our of solar Oursystem. Write About It 3. How manySolar moons does S eachystem planet have? Make a graph on a separateby Micksheet Roszel of paper. Put one dot in the graph for each moon. 10 5 0 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Extend Language A sphere is a round object, shaped like a ball or a planet. In sphere, pronounce the ph like f. Which of the following things can be called a sphere? the Earth’s moon a crater a soccer ball a coin Photographs Cover ©Omni-Photo Communications, Inc.; 1 ©Photo Researchers, Inc.; 2 ©Omni-Photo Communications, Inc.; 3 ©Bettmann/Corbis; 4 ©Luciano Corbella/DK Images; 5 (CR, BR) ©Corbis; 6 (CL) ©Photo Researchers, Inc., (BR) ©Tom Stack & Associates, Inc.; 7 ©Getty Images; 8 ©Digital Vision; 9 ©Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA; 10 ©Roger Ressmeyer/ NASA/Corbis. ISBN: 0-328-14211-5 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herschels and Their Astronomy
    The Herschels and their Astronomy Mary Kay Hemenway 24 March 2005 outline • William Herschel • Herschel telescopes • Caroline Herschel • Considerations of the Milky Way • William Herschel’s discoveries • John Herschel Wm. Herschel (1738-1822) • Born Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel in Hanover, Germany • A bandboy with the Hanoverian Guards, later served in the military; his father helped him to leave Germany for England in 1757 • Musician in Bath • He read Smith's Harmonies, and followed by reading Smith's Optics - it changed his life. Miniature portrait from 1764 Discovery of Uranus 1781 • William Herschel used a seven-foot Newtonian telescope • "in the quartile near zeta Tauri the lowest of the two is a curious either Nebulous Star or perhaps a Comet” • He called it “Georgium Sidus" after his new patron, George Ill. • Pension of 200 pounds a year and knighted, the "King's Astronomer” -- now astronomy full time. Sir William Herschel • Those who had received a classical education in astronomy agreed that their job was to study the sun, moon, planets, comets, individual stars. • Herschel acted like a naturalist, collecting specimens in great numbers, counting and classifying them, and later trying to organize some into life cycles. • Before his discovery of Uranus, Fellows of the Royal Society had contempt for his ignorance of basic procedures and conventions. Isaac Newton's reflecting telescope 1671 William Herschel's 20-foot, 1783 Account of some Observations tending to investigate the Construction of the Heavens Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1784) vol. 74, pp. 437-451 In a former paper I mentioned, that a more powerful instrument was preparing for continuing my reviews of the heavens.
    [Show full text]
  • The Astronomy of Sir John Herschel
    Introduction m m m m m m m m m m m Herschel’s Stars The Stars flourish, and in spite of all my attempts to thin them and . stuff them in my pockets, continue to afford a rich harvest. John Herschel to James Calder Stewart, July 17, 1834 n 2017, TRAPPIST-1, a red dwarf star forty light years from Earth, made headlines as the center of a system with not one or two but Iseven potentially habitable exoplanets.1 This dim, nearby star offers only the most recent example of verification of the sort of planetary system common in science fiction: multiple temperate, terrestrial worlds within a single star’s family of planets. Indeed, this discovery followed the an- nouncement only a few years earlier of the very first Earth-sized world orbiting within the habitable zone of its star, Kepler-186, five hundred light years from Earth.2 Along with other ongoing surveys and advanced instruments, the Kepler mission, which recently added an additional 715 worlds to a total of over five thousand exoplanet candidates, is re- vealing a universe in which exoplanets proliferate, Earth-like worlds are common, and planets within the habitable zone of their host star are far from rare.3 Exoplanetary astronomy has developed to the point that as- tronomers can not only detect these objects but also describe the phys- ical characteristics of many with a high degree of confidence and pre- cision, gaining information on their composition, atmospheric makeup, temperature, and even weather patterns. 3 © 2018 University of Pittsburgh Press. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Research in Germany
    About us Newsletter Social media English Search ... Spotlight Research Research Jobs & Plan your Infoservice Events and landscape funding careers stay activities Home News Uranian moons in new light 15 Sep 2020 | Source: Max Planck Society (MPG) - Press Releases According to observations by the Herschel Space Observatory, the five largest satellites resemble dwarf planets More than 230 years ago astronomer William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus and two of its moons. Using the Herschel Space Observatory, a group of astronomers led by Örs H. Detre of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy now has succeeded in determining physical properties of the five main moons of Uranus. The measured infrared radiation, which is generated by the Sun heating their surfaces, suggests that these moons resemble dwarf planets like Pluto. The team developed a new analysis technique that extracted the faint signals from the moons next to Uranus, which is more than a thousand times brighter. The study was published today in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. To explore the outer regions of the Solar System, space probes such as Voyager 1 and 2, Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons were sent on long expeditions. Now a German-Hungarian research group, led by Örs H. Detre of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) in Heidelberg, shows that with the appropriate technology and ingenuity, interesting results can also be achieved with observations from far away. The scientists used data from the Herschel Space Observatory, which was deployed between 2009 and 2013 and in whose development and operation MPIA was also significantly involved. Compared to its predecessors that covered a similar spectral range, the observations of this telescope were significantly sharper.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy Astrophysics
    A&A 641, A76 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037625 Astronomy & © Ö. H. Detre et al. 2020 Astrophysics Herschel-PACS photometry of the five major moons of Uranus? Ö. H. Detre1, T. G. Müller2, U. Klaas1, G. Marton3,4, H. Linz1, and Z. Balog1,5 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), PO Box 1312, Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany 3 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Konkoly Thege-Miklós 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary 4 ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Pázmány Péter 1/A, 1171 Budapest, Hungary 5 Astronomisches Recheninstitut des Zentrums für Astronomie, Mönchhofstrasse 12–14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Received 30 January 2020 / Accepted 9 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims. We aim to determine far-infrared fluxes at 70, 100, and 160 µm for the five major Uranus satellites, Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel, and Miranda. Our study is based on the available calibration observations at wavelengths taken with the PACS photometer aboard the Herschel Space Observatory. Methods. The bright image of Uranus was subtracted using a scaled Uranus point spread function (PSF) reference established from all maps of each wavelength in an iterative process removing the superimposed moons. The photometry of the satellites was performed using PSF photometry. Thermophysical models of the icy moons were fitted to the photometry of each measurement epoch and auxiliary data at shorter wavelengths. Results. The best-fit thermophysical models provide constraints for important properties of the moons, such as surface roughness and thermal inertia.
    [Show full text]
  • Uranus and Neptune Distinctly Blue-Ish! Uranus
    The Outermost Planets • The 7 ‘Wanderers’ known since Antiquity. • Uranus and Neptune distinctly Blue-ish! Uranus Uranus and 3 of its moons, barely visible from Earth. • Discovered by William Herschel 1781. (Accidentally!) First new planet for > 3000 years! • Featureless planet, just a few wispy clouds! View from Voyager 2 1986. Neptune • Elliptical Orbit of Uranus is perturbed: There must be another planet! • Adams 1845 and Le Verrier 1846 predicted Neptune's position. • First Seen by Galle in 1846. Property Uranus Neptune Radius 25559km (4.0 RE) 24766km (3.88 RE) Mass 14.54 ME 17.15 ME Average 3 3 Density 1271kg/m (0.23) 1638kg/m (0.297) Gravity 0.91 Earth’s 1.14 Earth’s Escape Speed 21.3km/s 23.5km/s Temperature 56K / -217C 59K / -214C (at Cloud tops) Eccentricity 0.047 0.009 Property Uranus Neptune Sidereal 83.75 years 163.7 years Orbital Period Sidereal -0.72 days 0.67 days Rotation Period Retrograde! Axial Tilt 97.92° 29.6° # Moons 27…. 13… Magnetic 58.6° 46° axis tilt Similar – but with significant differences! Uranus’ Peculiar Rotation • Axis of rotation nearly in the orbital plane! • Extreme seasons and weird days! Reason for such a strange tilt not known. Consequences • In Winter: Darkness for 42 years! • In Summer: No night, sun moves in circles, with altering radii. Other Rotational Features • Differential Rotation (~17.2 hours) • Atmosphere moves faster at Poles (~14.2 hrs) than at Equator (16.5hrs) . • No zones or belts: Wind in same direction. The Atmospheres Composition of Uranus and Neptune • H2 ~84% • Helium ~14% • Methane ~2% (Uranus); 3% Neptune x10 more than on Jupiter and Saturn.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Concepts of Heat in the Early Nineteenth Century ROBERT JAMES MORRIS, JR., University of Oklahoma, Norma
    SOCIAL SCIENCES 19~ Changing Concepts of Heat in the Early Nineteenth Century ROBERT JAMES MORRIS, JR., University of Oklahoma, Norma. Rival theories developed early in the nineteenth century, concerning the nature of heat, may be grouped into two opposing camps. Although perhaps differing in detail among themselves, the theories in one camp were unanimous in agreement on one fundamental point: heat phenomena were to be explained by a subtle, imponderable fluid called caloric. The other camp agreed that heat was due to vibrations of tbe particle. of matter. The caloric theory was orthodox and held by the great majority 196 PROC. OF THE OKLA. ACAD. OF SCI. FOR 1961 ot 1C1entists. This concept ot heat provided a simple, common·sense, easily vtsuaUzed explanation of most common heat phenomena. The exceptional case was that of frictional heat. In 1798, Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford), the American sclen· tist and soldier of fortune, pUblished an account of his experiments con· ducted in a cannon·boring factory in Bavaria.' The results of these experi­ ments showed that an apparently unlimited amount of heat could be pro­ duced by friction. Caloricists, caught unawares by the impressive results ot Thompson's experiment, could offer no immediate explanation of this phenomenon. These data led Thompson to reject the idea that heat was a material substance and to propound the theory that heat was nothing more than the vibrations of the particles ot matter. With these seemingly irrefutable data, Thompson converted a few persons to his vibratory theory. However, in applying the new theory to other heat phenomena, this minority group got into trouble.
    [Show full text]