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5.3 Water Environment
5.3 Water Environment (1) Scarcity and Degradation of Freshwater in Egypt The water resources of Egypt could be divided into two systems; the Nile system and the groundwater system in desert area. The Nile system consisting of the Nile River, its branches, the irrigation canals, the agricultural drains and the valley and Delta aquifers. These water resources are interconnected. This system is replenished yearly with approximately 58.5 billion m3 of freshwater, as is given in the survey by MWRI. Egypt depends on the Nile for almost all of water resources; naturally, it is a crucial issue on how to preserve water quality of the River Nile. On the other hand, water in desert area is in deep sandstone aquifer and is generally non-renewable source, though considerable amounts of water are stored in the groundwater system. Table 5.13: Water Balance of the River Nile Water balance 3 Items (billion m /yr) Inflow Outflow & use HAD release 55.50 Effective rainfall 1.00 Sea water intrusion 2.00 Total inflow 58.50 Consumptive use agriculture 40.82 Consumptive use industries 0.91 Consumptive use domestic 0.45 Evaporation 3.00 Total use and evaporation 45.18 Navigation fresh water 0.26 Fayoum terminal drainage 0.65 Delta drainage to the sea 12.41 Total outflow 13.31 Source: MWRI Water demand in Egypt has been increasing due to population growth, higher standard of living, reclaiming new land, and advancing industrialization. Available water per capita per year for all purpose in 1999 was about 900m3; nonetheless, it is expected to fall to 670m3 and 536m3 by the years 2017 and 2025, respectively. -
Port Said Port & East Port Said Port A
Port Said port & East Port Said Port A- Port Said port Port ID Number (ISPS Code) 040009 Approval Date 17/1/2004 Time Zone: +2 GMT UNCTAD Code EGPSD VHF: 13 16 ISPS Code Source http://www2.imo.org/ISPSCode/ISPSPortFacilities.aspx Coordinate Long 32 o 18/ E Lat 31 o 15 / N Natural Characteristics Weather Mild. Water Density 1.025 g/cm3 Raining Season winter Tidal range and flow 0.3 m. Port Description Location Port Said port is situated on the Northern entrance of the Gulf of Suez. It is considered one of the main Egyptian ports due to its distinguished location at the crossroad of the most important world sea trade route between the East and Europe via Suez Canal, and the most extensive transshipment port in the world. The port is bordered, seaward, by an imaginary line extending 0.5 N.M. from the western breakwater boundary till the eastern breakwater end. And from the Suez Canal area, it is bordered by an imaginary line extending transversely from the southern bank of the Canal connected to Manzala Lake, and the railways arcade livestock. Port Specifications Total Area 3 km2 (3000895 m2). Water Area 1.7 km2 (1733800 m2). Land Area 1.3 km2 (1267095 m2). Total Warehouse Area 90000 m2. Container Yard Area 435000 m2. Total Customs Zone port boundaries Cisterns Area 109473,4 m2.. Total Area Of General Cargo Storage Warehouses 0.05 km2. Maximum Capacity 12.175 million tons / year as follows: • General Cargo: 4.9 million tons. • Dry bulk cargoes: 2.54 million tons. -
Statement of Richard Newell Administrator Energy
STATEMENT OF RICHARD NEWELL ADMINISTRATOR ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY before the COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND POWER U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February 10, 2011 Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee: I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today to address the subject of this hearing, the effects of Middle East events on U.S. energy markets. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. EIA collects, analyzes, and disseminates independent and impartial energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. EIA is the Nation’s premier source of energy information and, by law, its data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views expressed in our reports, therefore, should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other federal agencies. My testimony today focuses on several areas directly relevant to the hearing topic, including EIA’s evaluation of the potential energy challenges posed by the situation in Egypt, our short- term and long-term outlooks for energy markets—especially petroleum, the role of the Middle East and North Africa in the global oil supply picture, the importance of choke points in the world oil transit system (see Figure 1), the role of spare production and refining capacity in the world oil market, and current features of the North American market for natural gas. -
The Regional Security Environment
1800 K Street, NW Suite 400 Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1.202.775.3270 Fax: 1.202.775.3199 Web: www.csis.org/burke/reports Energy Risks in North Africa and the Middle East Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy Second Edition May 24, 2012 Introduction 2 Introduction Any estimate of energy risk is highly uncertain. The reality can vary sharply according to national and global economic conditions, politics, war, natural disasters, discoveries of new reserves, advances in technology, unanticipated new regulations and environmental issues, and a host of other factors. Moreover, any effort to model all aspects of world energy supply and demand requires a model so complex that many of its interactions have to be nominal efforts to deal with the variables involved. Even if perfect data were available, there could still be no such thing as a perfect model. That said, the US Department of Energy (DOE) and its Energy Information Agency (EIA) do provide estimates based on one of the most sophisticated data collection and energy modeling efforts in the world. Moreover, this modeling effort dates back decades to the founding of the Department of Energy and has been steadily recalibrated and improved over time – comparing its projections against historical outcomes and other modeling efforts, including those of the International energy Agency and OPEC. The DOE modeling effort is also relatively conservative in projecting future demand for petroleum and natural gas. It forecasts relatively high levels of supply from alternative sources of energy, advances in new sources of energy and liquid fuels, and advances in exploration and production. -
Final Report
No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 4 MARITIME SECTOR March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 4 MARITIME SECTOR March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 USD1.00 = EGP5.96 USD1.00 = JPY77.91 (Exchange rate of January 2012) MiNTS: Misr National Transport Study Technical Report 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1. BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2. THE MiNTS FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................................1-1 1.2.1. Study Scope and Objectives.......................................................................................................1-1 -
Suez Chokepoint
ers waiting off the north coast of Egypt. have a greater impact today on world oil In the worst-case scenario, the recent markets than a closure of the Suez Canal Geography events in Egypt perhaps could have trig- itself. In The gered disruption of both the Suez Canal If a real disruption at the Suez Canal and the SUMED. Several different scenar- and the SUMED pipeline occurred, suffi - News™ ios might have occurred, placing the canal cient surplus oil is available to meet world and pipeline in jeopardy. The Suez and demand. Egypt produces no oil, so the SUMED are a critical source of Egypt’s in- only issue with the Suez Canal and the come, second only to its tourism revenues. pipeline is that the geography of oil trans- Neal Lineback The world will closely watch any future port would change. and Mandy Lineback Gritzner labor strikes that might occur in Egypt. According to the Business Insider article, Labor strikes temporarily could shut approximately one-third of all oil moved down operations at the Suez Canal or the by tanker navigates the Strait of Hormuz SUEZ SUMED. Prior to Mubarak’s resignation, chokepoint. Following it in order of impor- 6,000 workers staged a sit-in at the Suez tance based on amount of oil transported CHOKEPOINT Canal, but the protest did not disrupt op- through the chokepoints are: the Strait of Egypt’s stability and security remain erations. If other labor strikes should occur Malacca, the Suez Canal, Bab el-Mandab, uncertain. Amid calls by opposition sup- on a large scale in the future, the Egyptian Bosporus, the Panama Canal and the Dan- porters for the president’s removal, the economy would suffer, including the al- ish Straits. -
Unilever and Royal Haskoningdhv
Inspiring sustainable business: Unilever and Royal HaskoningDHV Issue 1 Connect Foreword 3 Unilever's growth model 4 Sustainable business is good business 6 Combatting coastal erosion with oysters in Bangladesh 8 'Life beyond our rivers' in South Africa 10 Green light for Riyadh’s city transport network 14 Sustainable land development in Bhopal 16 Going for growth – accelerating Brazil's infrastructure programme 18 State-of-the-art container terminal for Port Said East 22 LNG provides a powerful solution in India 24 Netherlands’ first road rail tunnel improves safety overnight 26 The growing appeal of anaerobic digestion 28 New industrial coastal zone set to boost Cameroon's economy 30 Contents 2 Connect | Royal HaskoningDHV Foreword One year on from the merger which created Royal HaskoningDHV, it is inspiring to reflect on the creativity and innovation generated through the process of two historic organisations coming together. In this issue of Connect we describe some of the results of the pioneering work we continue to produce for our clients and in the integrated vision we have developed for our business with regard to people, planet and profit. One of the most rewarding aspects of our merger was the opportunity to crystallise the guiding mission of the new organisation. What grew from this was a commitment to delivering added value for our clients whilst collaborating with them to create meaningful solutions for a more sustainable society. We intend to enhance society together, through our work for clients, through our own operations and through our engagement with local communities, sharing our knowledge and expertise. -
Total Cargo Handeled in Egyptian Ports
Invest in Egypt Logistics & Transportation Invest In Egypt The Global Crossroad Invest in Logistics and Transportation 1 Invest in Egypt Logistics & Transportation QUICK FACTS Throughput at the Suez Canal will remain healthy in 2015, following a strong year in 2014. There was a 6.75% year-on-year rise in revenues to USD5.46bn in 2014,compared to USD5.11bn recorded in 2013, as the waterway benefited from delays to the opening of the Panama Canal expansion. The country's location on the Mediterranean and Red Seas affords it access to major East-West shipping routes, and its Suez Canal-based ports feature as stops on a number of these routes. Egypt's Suez Canal ensures that the country is a major player in the global maritime sphere. The interim government has received substantial financial assistance for Saudi Arabia, UAE and Kuwait - indicating regional support. The Suez Canal enjoyed strong throughput growth in 2014. The Egyptian infrastructure sector is picking up, which will boost dry bulk and project cargo volumes at Egypt's ports and on its roads. 2 Invest in Egypt Logistics & Transportation SOCIOECONOMIC IMPORTANCE A new navigation channel could increase throughput at East Port Said. Rising Suez Canal charges should see a further growth in revenues. The Suez Canal is benefiting from delays to the Panama Canal expansion, attracting new services. There is major investment of USD8.5bn being channeled into expanding the Suez Canal. Low wages in global terms are advantages for foreign investors, particularly for those wishing to use Egypt as a base for export-oriented manufacturing Air freight handled at Cairo International Airport is set to grow by 3.0% in 2015 to reach 399,780 tones. -
Intercontinental Citystars Cairo, Egypt Wednesday 28 and Thursday 29 November 2007
Hosted By InterContinental Citystars Cairo, Egypt Wednesday 28 and Thursday 29 November 2007 Event Sponsors G U L F I N T E R N A T I O N A L • Suez Canal And East Port Said Technical Site Visit • 60 International Exhibition Stands • 250 International Senior Executive Conference Delegates • 10 International Event Sponsors • Gala Dinner • Embracing Accelerated Changes in The Global Economy And Keeping Abreast • Port Operations Best Practices - Achieving Greater Efficiency And Performance of Key Factors Driving Industrial Developments Improvement • Outlook And Overview of Container Traffic And Prospects For Intra-Regional Trade • Bigger, Deeper And Faster: Aligning Port Strategy To Enhance Competitiveness Convergence of Transport Modes, Links And Nodes - Developing Synergies in Keeping in Step With Trends: Addressing Challenges in Ports And Shipping - Efficiently • • The Transport Sector Moving Towards Better Total Integration Between Ports Facilitating Trade Through Successful Strategies Within a Volatile Operating • And Users Environment Global Trends in Ownership of Ports And The Significance For • Smart Ports: Solutions And Innovations For a Customer Winning Advantage Shipping Lines And Cargo Owners Measuring Return on Investment Tel. + 60 3 8023 5352 Tel. + 60 3 8023 5352 Fax. + 60 3 8023 3963 Fax. + 60 3 8023 3963 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Suez Canal Container Terminal 3rd Trans Middle East 2007 Egypt Wednesday 28 and Thursday 29 November 2007 Hosted by Suez Canal Container Terminal, SCCT Dear Colleague, SCCT is delighted to host the 3rd Trans Middle East 2007 Egypt Exhibition and Conference taking place on Wednesday 28 and Thursday 29 November 2007. This international Exhibition and Conference, now in its third successful year, is designed to promote transportation in the EMEA region. -
In Duplication to Function of Ports and Result in Excess-Investment for Ports. Moreover, Egyptian Ports Will Be Less Competitive in Attracting Foreign Operators
THE STUDY ON MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT 5.3 Conclusions and Recommendations 5.3.1 Port Management and Operation in Egypt (1) Enforcement of Control Power of Maritime Transport Sector Each Port Authority is proceeding with their own development projects based on their own plans, which are not harmonized with each other. The Maritime Transport Sector should play a role in coordinating and controlling all development projects in Egyptian ports. However, the sector is not performing this role at present. The situation results in duplication to function of ports and result in excess-investment for ports. Moreover, Egyptian Ports will be less competitive in attracting foreign operators. Thus, The JICA Study Team recommends enforcing the authority of the Maritime Transport Sector to coordinate and control the whole port sector development. In addition, a Master Plan Study for all Egyptian container ports, including Alexandria Port, Dekheila Port, Damietta Port, Port Said Port (West), Port Said Port (East) and Sokhna Port, is needed immediately, because container terminal development projects are in progress without sufficient central coordination. (2) Combination of Port Authority and Container Handling Company The JICA Study Team recommends combining the Port Authorities under the Ministry of Transport and the Government Container Handling Companies under the Ministry of Investment to be one organization for each port. In that case, prompt action would be possible as happens at Sokhna Port, because the decision maker is one organization. Moreover, there is a possibility that this combination would produce a simple tariff, because one organization would collect port charges and container handling charges from shipping agents. -
Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet PDF Version | PDB Version April 2003
Persian Gulf Fact Sheet Page 1 of 7 Home > Country Analysis Briefs > Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet PDF version | PDB version April 2003 Background | Oil and Gas Reserves Production Capacity | Offshore Persian Gulf Oil Development | Offshore Persian Gulf Natural Gas Development | Oil Flows | Links Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet In 2002, the Persian Gulf countries (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) produced about 25% of the world's oil, while holding nearly two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves. OECD gross oil imports from Persian Gulf countries averaged about 10.6 million barrels per day (bbl/d) during 2002, accounting for 27% of the OECD's total gross oil imports. Besides oil, the Persian Gulf region also has huge reserves (1,923 trillion cubic feet -- Tcf) of natural gas, accounting for 36% of total proven world gas reserves. GENERAL BACKGROUND The Persian Gulf, also known as the Arabian Gulf, is a 600- mile-long body of water which separates Iran from the Arabian Peninsula, and one of the most strategic waterways in the world due to its importance in world oil transportation. At its narrowest point (the Strait of Hormuz), the Gulf narrows to only 34 miles wide. There have been, and continue to be, significant territorial disputes between Persian Gulf countries. Besides the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, and before that the Iran- Iraq War from 1980 to 1988, another important dispute is between the UAE and Iran over ownership of three islands -- Abu Musa, Greater Tunb Island, and Lesser Tunb Island, all strategically located in the Strait of Hormuz. -
Activity a Final Report
REGIONAL MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE CENTRE FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA (REMPEC) EURO-MED PARTNERSHIP PROJECT MED.B7.4100.97.0415.8 PORT RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR COLLECTING SHIP-GENERATED GARBAGE, BILGE WATERS AND OILY WASTES ACTIVITY A COLLECTION AND TREATMENT OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTES FINAL REPORT October 2003 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENGINEERING S.A. REGIONAL MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE CENTRE FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA (REMPEC) EURO-MED PARTNERSHIP PROJECT MED.B7.4100.97.0415.8 PORT RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR COLLECTING SHIP-GENERATED GARBAGE, BILGE WATERS AND OILY WASTES ACTIVITY A COLLECTION AND TREATMENT OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTES FINAL REPORT October 2003 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENGINEERING S.A. The present document and related study have been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community. The views expressed herein are those of REMPEC and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community (EC). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of EC, IMO, UNEP, MAP and REMPEC concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. PROJECT MED.B7.4100.97.0415.8 PORT RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR COLLECTING SHIP-GENERATED GARBAGE, BILGE WATERS AND OILY WASTES ACTIVITY A COLLECTION AND TREATMENT OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTES Within the framework of Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the European Community (EC) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) on behalf of the Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea (REMPEC), have signed in December 2001 a Grant Agreement for the implementation of the operation entitled: Port reception facilities for collecting ship-generated garbage, bilge water and oily wastes (Project MED.B7.4100.97.0415.8).