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HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - Final Scoping Report Date: 2008

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HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - Final Scoping Report Date: 2008 Arcus GIBB (PTY) LTD ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED BANTAMSKLIP TRANSMISSION LINES Environmental Scoping Report HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Lita Webley & Tim Hart J28087 NOVEMBER 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Archaeology Contracts Office of the University of Cape Town was appointed by Arcus GIBB (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Eskom Holdings to undertake the heritage component of an Environmental Scoping Report. The aim of the report is to assess a number of potential alternative routes identified by Eskom for 9 transmission lines (and associated infrastructure) serving the power station at Bantamsklip. These are: • Four possible alternative routes for 4 x 765 kV transmission lines from Bantamsklip site – Kappa substation. • Four possible alternative routes for 4 x 400 kV transmission lines from Bantamsklip site – Bacchus substation. • Two possible alternative routes for 1 x 400 kV transmission lines from Bacchus substation – Muldersvlei substation. This study, which has involved a field assessment and an initial review of the published literature, has identified heritage sensitivities in all the alternatives routes, and ranked them accordingly. Bantamsklip - Kappa: Alternative 2 is the preferred alternative although it includes a sensitive section in the Breede River Valley. • Sections of Alternatives 3 and 4 are not acceptable as they cross the Langeberg Mountains between Swellendam and Suurbraak, impacting visually on the heritage of a number of historic sites and a national park. Bantamsklip - Bacchus : Alternative 2 is the preferred alternative as it impacts on fewer heritage sites than the other alternatives. • Alternative 1 has the most significant impact on the largest number of heritage sites/cultural landscapes. Alternative 3 and 4 may have significant impacts on the heritage tourism of communities such as Genadendal, Greyton and MacGregor in the Riviersonderend and Breede River Valleys. Muldersvlei – Bacchus: Alternative 1 is the preferred option although it crosses a sensitive area in the Daljosaphat valley north of Paarl. • Alternative 2, while it follows existing lines for most of the route, will impact on the scenic beauty of the Breede River Valley, which relies on heritage tourism. A number of recommendations are proposed for the EIA phase to ensure that adequate mitigation will be undertaken of the preferred routes. CONTENTS Chapter Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background 8 1.1.1 Alternatives 8 1.1.2 Legislative Requirements 9 1.2 Scope and Limitations 9 1.2.1 Assumptions and Limitations 9 1.3 Methodology 10 1.3.1 Alternative Sensitivity Analysis 11 2 REGIONAL OVERVIEW 13 2.1 Bantamsklip - Bacchus 14 2.1.1 Proposed Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 1 14 2.1.2 Proposed Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 2 16 2.1.3 Proposed Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 3 17 2.1.4 Proposed Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 4 17 2.2 Bantamsklip – Kappa 18 2.2.1 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 1 18 2.2.2 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 2 18 2.2.3 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 3 18 2.2.4 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 4 19 2.3 Bacchus – Muldersvlei 19 2.3.1 Bacchus – Muldersvlei Alternative 1 19 2.3.2 Bacchus – Muldersvlei Alternative 2 20 3 IMPACTS AND ISSUES IDENTIFICATION 21 3.1 Bantamsklip – Bacchus 22 3.1.1 Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 1 22 3.1.2 Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 2 23 3.1.3 Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 3 23 3.1.4 Bantamsklip – Bacchus Alternative 4 23 3.2 Bantamsklip – Kappa 23 3.2.1 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 1 24 3.2.2 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 2 24 3.2.3 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 3 24 3.2.4 Bantamsklip – Kappa Alternative 4 25 3.3 Bacchus – Muldersvlei 25 3.3.1 Bacchus – Muldersvlei Alternative 1 25 3 HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - final scoping report Date: 2008 3.3.2 Bacchus – Muldersvlei Alternative 2 25 4 TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT PHASE 26 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 27 5.1 Recommendations for Alternative Routes 27 5.1.1 Bantamsklip - Bacchus 27 5.1.2 Bantamsklip -Kappa 28 5.1.3 Muldersvlei – Bacchus 29 5.2 Final Comments 29 6 REFERENCES 31 4 HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - final scoping report Date: 2008 FIGURES Figure 1: A map of the alternative routes discussed in the text. Figure 2: The location of the sensitive areas on the proposed alternative routes. TABLES Table 1: Sensitivity Criteria Table 2: Bantamsklip – Bacchus Sensitivity Analysis Table 3: Bantamsklip – Kappa Sensitivity Analysis Table 4: Bacchus - Muldersvlei Analysis 5 HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - final scoping report Date: 2008 ABBREVIATIONS ESA Early Stone Age GPS Global Positioning System HIA Heritage Impact Assessment HWC Heritage Western Cape LSA Later Stone Age MSA Middle Stone Age NEMA National Environmental Management Act, No 107 of 1998 and Amended, No 46 of 2003. NHRA National Heritage Resources Act No 25 of 1999 SAHRA South African Heritage Resources Agency 6 HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - final scoping report Date: 2008 GLOSSARY Archaeology: Remains resulting from human activity which is in a state of disuse and are in or on land and which are older than 100 years, including artefacts, human and hominid remains and artificial features and structures. Early Stone Age: The archaeology of the Stone Age between 300 000 and 2500 000 years ago . Fossil: Mineralised bones of animals, shellfish, plants and marine animals. A trace fossil is the track or footprint of a fossil animal that is preserved in stone or consolidated sediment. Heritage: That which is inherited and forms part of the National Estate (Historical places, objects, fossils, etc) as defined by the National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999. Late Stone Age: The archaeology of the last 20 000 years associated with fully modern people. Middle Stone Age : The archaeology of the Stone Age between 20 000-300 000 years ago associated with early modern humans. Midden: A concentration of shellfish, bone, stone artefacts and sometimes pottery which has resulted from the actions of human activity. National Estate: The collective heritage assets of the Nation. Palaeontology: Any fossilised remains or fossil trace of animals or plants which lived in the geological past, other than fossil fuels or fossiliferous rock intended for industrial use, and any site which contains such fossilised remains or trace. SAHRA: South African Heritage Resources Agency – the compliance authority which protects national heritage. Structure (historical:) Any building, works, device or other facility made by people and which is fixed to land, and includes any fixtures, fittings and equipment associated therewith. Protected structures are those which are over 60 years old. Wreck (protected): A ship or an aeroplane or any part thereof that lies on land or in the sea within South Africa is protected if it is more than 60 years old. 7 HIA Bantamsklip Transmission Lines - final scoping report Date: 2008 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Eskom Holdings Limited (Eskom) has indicated that the establishment of a nuclear power station on the Cape coast “will significantly improve the security of the network and delay the need for new transmission lines between the Cape and the northern part of the country for a substantial period of time”. Eskom is therefore busy investigating the establishment of a conventional nuclear power station within the broader Cape. Through the scoping process, three alternative sites have been identified and they are Bantamsklip (some 10 km south-east of Pearly Beach), Duynefontein (adjacent to the existing Koeberg Power Station) and Thyspunt (west of St Francis Bay in the Eastern Cape). While the location of the new nuclear power station is yet to be confirmed, Eskom is busy evaluating the feasibility of the various options. As part of the process, Eskom is considering possible transmission line routes for each of the options. The proposed construction of 9 high voltage transmission lines, and associated infrastructure, from the high voltage yard at the proposed new nuclear power station site at Bantamsklip will involve: • 4 x 765 kV lines from the Bantamsklip site – Kappa substation • 4 x 400 kV lines from the Bantamsklip site – Bacchus substation • 1 x 400 kV line from the Bacchus substation – Muldersvlei substation. Arcus GIBB (Pty) Ltd was appointed by Eskom as the independent environmental practitioner to undertake the Scoping and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. They in turn have sub-contracted the Archaeology Contracts Office at the University of Cape Town to undertake the Scoping and Heritage Impact Assessment. With 21 years of accumulated experience, and having completed over 700 projects, the ACO staff have been part of numerous multidisciplinary teams performing Heritage Impact Assessments throughout South Africa. Tim Hart is a founder member of the Archaeology Contracts Office and has served on the Heritage Western Cape’s Built Environment and Landscapes Committee, (BELCOM). He has a particular interest in industrial heritage, historic landscapes and development of conservation management plans. Lita Webley joined the ACO in 2008 but has been involved in heritage consultancy in the Eastern Cape since 1996. She is interested in the archaeology of the Khoekhoen, colonial period history and in the collecting of oral histories to enhance our understanding of living heritage. 1.1.1 Alternatives Eskom has identified potential alternative alignments for each of the above routes, the current corridors for each alternative being some 5 km wide (Figure 1 at the end of the
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