DOCSLIB.ORG

In Southeastern Manitoba

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Southeastern Manitoba NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PEAT ACCI]MUI,ATION IN SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA A Thesis Submítted Lo The Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Universíty of Manitoba in Partíal Fulfillment of the RequiremenËs for Èhe Degree Master of Scíence by Richard Reader May, 1970 @ nicUard Read.er I97L I ofËen say that when you can measuTe what you are speakíng abouË and express iË ín numbers you know something about it. But when you cannot meâsure ít, when you canriot express ít in numbers, your knowledge ís of a meager and unsatisfacËory kind. IË may be Èhe beginníng of knowledge, buË you have scarcely ín your thoughts advanced to the sÈage of science. Lord Kelvin dedicaËed to May 6, 1967 ACKNOI{LEDGB{ENTS The informaËion presented ín Ëhe fo11owíng pages has been accu- mulated with Èhe help of a number of ínterested índivíduals. The author would 1íke to take this opporËuniÈy to Ëhank these contrÍbutors mosË heartily: Mr. T. Carlton, Dr. H. Crum, Mr. C. Hand, Mrs. G. Keleher, Dr. R. Longton, Dr. J. Reíd, and Dr. J. Thomson for the idenËífícatíon and verífícatíon of plant. species, partícularly bryophytes; Mr. M. Bryan and Mr. L. Van Caeseele for aerial photo- graphy; Mr. P. BeckeËt for assistance with the field work; Dr. J. Terasme for radíocarbon daLings; Mr. A. Reimer of the Pinawa Nuclear Research Establishment for meteorological data; the National Research Council of Canada for financial aid in the form of a burs- ary awarded to Ëhe author, and grant Ã-5946 arnrarded to Dr. J. Ster,rart.; and to Dr. E. I{aygood for allowing the work Ëo be carried out in this department. Particular recognition must go to my supervisor, Dr. J. Stewart., who provided me wiËh Èhe opportunity to underËake a problem of pers- onal inËerest. rl- l- ABSTRACT Two functíonal attributes of an ecosysËem, Ttet prímary pro- ducËion and subsequent dry matter accumulation, ürere examined i.n four peatland types (1agg, bog, muskeg, and bog forest) located ín souËheastern Mani-toba . ttaccuDulatíon The simple equaËion = income - losstt ü7as ex- panded in a block diagram to define all poÈential sources of both income and 1oss. Annual t'income" of lj.tter ín Ëhe four vegetatíon zones ranged frorn 489 to 1750 gn./rn.2, which represerì.Ëeð,69-90"/. of. Ëhe calculated net prímary production. "Loss" of dry matËer Ëhrough decomposítion in the followíng year amounted Ëo approximaËe1y one quarter of the 1iËter value. usíng radiocarbon-dated peat cores, an average annual accumulaËion rate of 26-51 gm./m.2/yr. was calculated, suggesËing that less than ten percent of the annual net primary pro- ducËion will remaín as peat. The four vegetation types examíned \^rere considered Ëo repre- sent seral stages ín Ëhe process of secondary succession occurring in the study area. The direcËion of this successíon was hypothe- sized to be Lagg -> Bog -> Muskeg -> Bog Forest. l-v TASLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT iv LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES xaa LIST OF PROGRAMMES ... xííí I. INTRODUCTION A. Statement of the problem 2 B. LíteraËure review of the concept.s of productíon and accumulation C. Methods employed Ëo calculate planË production and peat accumulat,ion . I II. DEFINIT]ON OF A STTE FOR INVESTIGATION A. Locatíon A4 B. Environmerit.. 76 1. Geology 76 2. Topography ... !7 3. Clímate 18 4. Bíotic influence . 22 C. Vegetation ín areas adjacent to Ëhe peaË1and .... 24 III. REPRESENTATION OF NET PRIMARY PRODUCTtrON AND ACCi]MULATION IN A PEATLÆ{D 25 A. Vegetational patËerns 30 1. PeaËland vegetatíon ... 30 (a) Past vegetaËion in the study area .. 30 v1 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) CHAPTER PAGE III. (conËínued) (b) PresenË surface vegetation ... 38 (1) horizonËal distríbutíon of vegeËatíon ín Ëhe study area 38 (2) vertical dístríbution of ve- getaËion in the study area .. 47 B. Determination of Ëhe most productive specíes ín each zorte . 50 C. Biomass, net primary production, and subsequent accumulation of non-vascular vegetation 53 1. Sarnpling scheme 54 2. NeË prímary productíon of ímportant non-vascular species 60 3. Net prÍ-mary production of other speeíes presenË 74 4. Bíomass of non-vascular speci-es 76 5. The contribuËíon of non-vascular species Ëo accumulation income 78 D. Biomass, net primary production, and subsequenÈ accumulation of vascular vegetatíon ... B0 1. Termína1 neÈ primary productíon in vascular specíes . 81 (a) Samplíng scheme for group 'l¿" specíes 81 (b) Sampling scheme for group "b" specíes 83 val- TABLE 0F CONTENTS (contínued) CHÁPTER PAGE III. (contínued) (c) Correctíon factors for litter losË from terminal portíons 85 (d) Terminal production values BB 2. The conÈribution made by leaves produced in prevíous growíng seasons to currenË neË prímary production . 777 3. The conËribution of secondary growËh to aería1 net primary productíon . a2I 4. The total aerial net prímary produe- tion of vascular species 1'25 5. The aería1 component biomass of vascular species 133 6. The contri-bution of aerial vascular com- ponenËs Ëo accumulation íncome 138 7. ProductÍon, biomass, and accumulatíon of sub-surface components of vascular species L47 E. Total net prímary production in each of the four vegetation zones 1"52 F. Total biomass ín each of the four vegeËaËion zones L56 G. Estimating Ëhe amounË of peat accumulated an- nually in each of the four zones ... 160 1. Calculating accumulation "íncome" 161 2. Calculatíng accumulation "loss" t64 3. Calculatíng initial accumulatíon I7I val-a TABLE 0F CONTENTS (contínued) CHAPTER PAGE IV. SI]M},IARY AND CONCLUSIONS 181 BIBLIOGRAPITY . 191 APPENDICES ... 204 A. Species ídentífied in the study area . 205 (a) Vascular species 205 (b) Non-vascular species 207 B. Data processing by digital compuËer ... 209 C. Glossary 2L9 LIST OF TASLES TABLE PAGE I. The annual accumulatíon rate of radiocarbon-dated pear (A)- (c) 34 II. Previous estímates of the accumulaËion raËe of pear (A)- (B) 3s III. Relatíve frequency values of species found ín each of the four vegetation zones 52 ïV. Inportant non-vascular species .. 55 V. Maximum annual net prímary productíon calculated for the important non-vascular species found ín each of Èhe four vegetaËiori zones 72 Vï. Total annual non-vascular net prímary producËion in each of the four vegeÈation zones . 75 VïI. The average biomass total for non-vascular specíes found in each of the four vegeËation zones 77 VIII. The annual contribution nade by non-vascular specíes Èo accumulation 79 IX. Important vascular species 82 X. Maxímum annual values of terminal eomponent net primary producËíon . II4 XI. DensiÈy values for important vascular species found ín Ëhe four vegetation zones (A)-(B) 115 XïI. Values of maximum annual net primary production ex- pressed on an area basis for terminal couponents .... 116 XIII. Current net prímary producËion in Black Spruce leaves produced in previous growing season \20 XIV. Total annual woody increment ín the ímportant vascular specíes studied 423 l_x LIST 0F TABLES (continued) TABLE PAGE XV. The annual radíal incremenË in iuportant vascular species having woody stems L24 XVI. Sumrnary of aerial component neË primary productíon for each of the importanË vascular specíes studied (A)- (D) 127 XVII. Total aerial neË primary production for all vascular specíes occurring in the four vegetation zones (A) - (B) 130 XVIII. Total aerial vascular production ... 732 XIX. Aerial bíomass values of important vascular specíes found in each of the four vegetaËion zones studied .. 135 XX. Total aería1 bÍomass of vascular species ... I37 XXI. Senescence weight loss in leaves of ímpo::Ëant vascular species 147 nII. PosË-senescence weight of leaf and flower-fruit components added annually to the peaÈlandts surface (A)-(D) L43 XXIII. Total annual contributíon of aerial vascular porËíons to Ëhe peaËlandts surface ... 746 XXIV. Total subsurface production in vascular species found in each of the four vegeËation zones 150 XXV. Total net primary production, Íncluding correction for unmeasured losses ¡¡i¡o 155 XXVI. Total plant biomass in each of the four zones ....... 759 XXVII. IniËíal weight of peat-forning material added annually to the peatlandts surface ... 163 ÐWIII. Fraction of origínal weight lost in leaves sub- jected Ëo decomposition for one year (A)-(B) 168 xl- LIST 0F TABLES (continued) TABLE PAGE XXIX. I,Íeight of vascular 1iËter remaining ín the four vegetatíon zones afËer orle year of decomposí- tion (A)-(D) 772 nffi. !üeight of subsurface "litter" remainíng after one year of decomposít.ion L7 4 )o()(I . !üeíght of non-vascular "littertt remaining after one year of decomposition (A)-(D) 775 XXXII. Total weight of litter remaining afËer one year ' of decomposiÈion .:... 1-76 XXXIII. Summary of suecessional changes in net primary producÈion and accumulaËion . 179 LÏST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Locatíon of the peaËland studíed (A)-(D) 15 2. Monthly precípítation recorded at Pínawa, Manitoba 79 3. Mean monËhly Ëemperature recorded aË Pinawa, ManiËoba .. 27 4. The distríbution of dry maËËer resultíng from net prÍmary producËíon ... 27 5. Aerial view of the sÈudy area . 31 6. PeaËland macro-straËigraphy at eight selected poinËs ín the study area . 32 7. The range of specíes along a single line ËransecË . 40 B. The concentric riature of vegetation paËterns 47 9. Vegetatíon in Zone I : Bog Forest (A)-(3) 43 10. Vegetation ín Zone II : Muskeg (A)-(B) 11. Vegetation in Zone III : 3og (A)-(B) 45 72. Vegetation in Zone IV : Lagg (A)-(3) 46 13. VerËi-cal distributíon of hummock specíes on the surface of Ëhe peatland located southwest of Elma 49 14. Bag-Ëypes employed in determining litter correction factors (A)-(B) 86 15. Nylon mesh bags used to determine the inítíal decomposítion rate of leaves in each of Èhe four vegeËation zones (A)-(B) ].67 L6. Nurnerícal values of both net primary production and Ëhe annual accumulation of peaË in each of t-he four vegetaËion zones (A)-(D) 180 xaa LÏST OF PROGRAMMES PROGRAMME PAGE 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proceedings of the Eleventh Muskeg Research Conference Macfarlane, I
    NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Proceedings of the Eleventh Muskeg Research Conference MacFarlane, I. C.; Butler, J. For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: https://doi.org/10.4224/40001140 Technical Memorandum (National Research Council of Canada. Associate Committee on Geotechnical Research), 1966-05-01 NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=05568728-162b-42ca-b690-d97b61f4f15c https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=05568728-162b-42ca-b690-d97b61f4f15c Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Can Peatland Landscapes in Indonesia Be Drained Sustainably? an Assessment of the ‘Eko-Hidro’ Water Management Approach
    Peatland Brief Can Peatland Landscapes in Indonesia be Drained Sustainably? An Assessment of the ‘eko-hidro’ Water Management Approach Peatland Brief Can Peatland Landscapes in Indonesia be Drained Sustainably? An Assessment of the ‘eko-hidro’ Water Management Approach July, 2016 Under the projects Indonesia Peatland Support Project (IPSP) funded by CLUA Sustainable Peatland for People and Climate (SPPC) funded by Norad To be cited as: Wetlands International, Tropenbos International, 2016. Can Peatland Landscapes in Indonesia be Drained Sustainably? An Assessment of the ‘Eko-Hidro’ Water Management Approach. Wetlands International Report. Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figure ..................................................................................................................................... iv Summary ........................................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 2. The ‘eko-hidro’ peatland management approach and the Kampar HCV Assessment .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Questioning Ten Common Assumptions About Peatlands
    Questioning ten common assumptions about peatlands University of Leeds Peat Club: K.L. Bacon1, A.J. Baird1, A. Blundell1, M-A. Bourgault1,2, P.J. Chapman1, G. Dargie1, G.P. Dooling1,3, C. Gee1, J. Holden1, T. Kelly1, K.A. McKendrick-Smith1, P.J. Morris1, A. Noble1, S.M. Palmer1, A. Quillet1,3, G.T. Swindles1, E.J. Watson1 and D.M. Young1 1water@leeds, School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK 2current address: Centre GEOTOP, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada 3current address: Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Peatlands have been widely studied in terms of their ecohydrology, carbon dynamics, ecosystem services and palaeoenvironmental archives. However, several assumptions are frequently made about peatlands in the academic literature, practitioner reports and the popular media which are either ambiguous or in some cases incorrect. Here we discuss the following ten common assumptions about peatlands: 1. the northern peatland carbon store will shrink under a warming climate; 2. peatlands are fragile ecosystems; 3. wet peatlands have greater rates of net carbon accumulation; 4. different rules apply to tropical peatlands; 5. peat is a single soil type; 6. peatlands behave like sponges; 7. Sphagnum is the main ‘ecosystem engineer’ in peatlands; 8. a single core provides a representative palaeo-archive from a peatland; 9. water-table reconstructions from peatlands provide direct records of past climate change; and 10. restoration of peatlands results in the re-establishment of their carbon sink function. In each case we consider the evidence supporting the assumption and, where appropriate, identify its shortcomings or ways in which it may be misleading.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report
    Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate change Main Report Published By Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur & Wetlands International, Wageningen First Published in Electronic Format in December 2007 This version first published in May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Global Environment Centre & Wetlands International Reproduction of material from the publication for educational and non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from Global Environment Centre or Wetlands International, provided acknowledgement is provided. Reference Parish, F., Sirin, A., Charman, D., Joosten, H., Minayeva , T., Silvius, M. and Stringer, L. (Eds.) 2008. Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report . Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur and Wetlands International, Wageningen. Reviewer of Executive Summary Dicky Clymo Available from Global Environment Centre 2nd Floor Wisma Hing, 78 Jalan SS2/72, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +603 7957 2007, Fax: +603 7957 7003. Web: www.gecnet.info ; www.peat-portal.net Email: [email protected] Wetlands International PO Box 471 AL, Wageningen 6700 The Netherlands Tel: +31 317 478861 Fax: +31 317 478850 Web: www.wetlands.org ; www.peatlands.ru ISBN 978-983-43751-0-2 Supported By United Nations Environment Programme/Global Environment Facility (UNEP/GEF) with assistance from the Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) Design by Regina Cheah and Andrey Sirin Printed on Cyclus 100% Recycled Paper. Printing on recycled paper helps save our natural
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Ablation Till: Till Carried on Or Near the Surface of a Glacial Ice Column and Let Down As the Glacier Melted and Retreated
    Glossary ablation till: till carried on or near the surface of a glacial ice column and let down as the glacier melted and retreated. alluvium: any mineral or detrital sediment that is transported and deposited by the flowing water of a river or stream. Riverbeds, floodplains, and deltas are all made up of alluvium. backswamp: low-lying wet areas on river floodplains, located away from the active river channel. basal till: till carried in the base of a glacial ice column and deposited under the glacier. Basal till is therefore very dense and typically forms a layer that impedes drainage. biological diversity (biodiversity): the complexity of all life at all its levels of organization, including genetic variability within species, species and species interac- tions, ecological processes, and the distribution of species and natural communities across the landscape. bog: an acidic, peat-accumulating wetland that is isolated from mineral-rich water sources by deep peat accumulation and therefore receives most of its water and nutri- ents from precipitation. Bogs are dominated by sphagnum moss and heath family shrubs. boreal forest: a circumpolar band of northern forests bordered to the north by open tundra and to the south by more transitional forests. Boreal forests are characterized by species of pine, spruce, fir, tamarack, birch, and poplar that are adapted to the extreme cold of this region. bryophyte: a division of plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. calciphile: a plant that thrives in calcium-rich soils. circumneutral: having a pH near 7.0 and therefore neither strongly acidic nor basic. cliff: an exposed, steep face of rock.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetlands in Agricultural Landscapes
    Wetlands at the National and International Scale General Information 1. Agricultural conservation: USDA needs to better indicators/ human activity/ forestry practices/ birds/ ensure protection of highly erodible cropland and Amphibia/ Minnesota/ disturbance/ vertebrates/ Chordata/ wetlands: Report to the ranking Democratic member, animals/ west north central states of USA/ north central Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. states of USA/ United States/ North America/ developed Senate. countries/ OECD countries/ lake states of USA United States. General Accounting Office. Abstract: The present study explores the relationships U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003. between riparian wetland communities and anthropogenic Notes: Cover title./ "April 2003."/ Chiefly tables./ Includes disturbances, including urban, forestry and cultivated land. bibliographical references (p. 106). Small stream riparian wetlands in central Minnesota, USA, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03418.pdf provided an opportunity to detect these relationships Descriptors: agricultural conservation---United States/ soil because land use within the region is heterogeneous, conservation---United States/ wetland conservation--- resulting in disturbance gradients at the scales of stream United States reach and landscape. The research tested 2 hypotheses: organismal groups (wet meadow vegetation, shrub carr 2. Agricultural wetlands and waterbirds: A review. vegetation, aquatic macro-invertebrates, amphibians, fish Czech, H. A. and Parsons, K. C. and birds) respond
    [Show full text]
  • The Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Universíty of Manitoba in Partíal Fulfillment
    NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PEAT ACCI]MUI,ATION IN SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA A Thesis Submítted Lo The Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Universíty of Manitoba in Partíal Fulfillment of the RequiremenËs for Èhe Degree Master of Scíence by Richard Reader May, 1970 @ nicUard Read.er I97L I ofËen say that when you can measuTe what you are speakíng abouË and express iË ín numbers you know something about it. But when you cannot meâsure ít, when you canriot express ít in numbers, your knowledge ís of a meager and unsatisfacËory kind. IË may be Èhe beginníng of knowledge, buË you have scarcely ín your thoughts advanced to the sÈage of science. Lord Kelvin dedicaËed to May 6, 1967 ACKNOI{LEDGB{ENTS The informaËion presented ín Ëhe fo11owíng pages has been accu- mulated with Èhe help of a number of ínterested índivíduals. The author would 1íke to take this opporËuniÈy to Ëhank these contrÍbutors mosË heartily: Mr. T. Carlton, Dr. H. Crum, Mr. C. Hand, Mrs. G. Keleher, Dr. R. Longton, Dr. J. Reíd, and Dr. J. Thomson for the idenËífícatíon and verífícatíon of plant. species, partícularly bryophytes; Mr. M. Bryan and Mr. L. Van Caeseele for aerial photo- graphy; Mr. P. BeckeËt for assistance with the field work; Dr. J. Terasme for radíocarbon daLings; Mr. A. Reimer of the Pinawa Nuclear Research Establishment for meteorological data; the National Research Council of Canada for financial aid in the form of a burs- ary awarded to Ëhe author, and grant Ã-5946 arnrarded to Dr. J. Ster,rart.; and to Dr. E.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Sensing of Bog Surfaces
    JNCC Report No. 366 Remote Sensing of Bog Surfaces E. J. Milton, P. D. Hughes, K. Anderson, J. Schulz, R. Lindsay, S. B. Kelday and C. T. Hill May 2005 © JNCC, Peterborough 2005 ISSN 0963-8091 For further information please contact: Mark Crick Habitats Advice Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough, PE1 1JY, UK For report should be cited as: Milton, E J, Hughes, P D, Anderson, K, Schulz, J, Lindsay, R, Kelday, SB, and Hill, C T. Remote sensing of bog surfaces JNCC Report No. 366 Remote Sensing of Bog Surfaces Contents 1. Summary of Main Findings .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Raised Bog Habitat Condition Classifications and Remote Sensing......................................... 4 3.1 European Commission ‘Habitats’ Directive classification system……..…………………4 3.1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….4 3.1.2 Interpretation Manual of European Habitats ………………………………………..4 3.1.3 The Classification of Ombrotrophic Bogs in Annex I of the ‘Habitats’ Directive …5 3.1.4 Remote sensing of ‘active raised bog’ ...................................................................... 6 3.1.5 Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration....................................... 6 3.1.6 Remote sensing of Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration........ 7 3.2
    [Show full text]
  • Maulagowna Bog Csac Site Code 1881 Co. Kerry
    National Parks and Wildlife Service Conservation Plan for 2006-2011 Maulagowna Bog cSAC Site Code 1881 Co. Kerry SUMMARY Introduction Maulagowna Bog cSAC has been designated as a candidate Special Area of Conservation under the EU Habitats Directive. The site has been designated due to the presence of active blanket bog, which is a priority habitat listed under Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive. It is a good example of a headwater blanket bog, a type of bog that is rare in the south-west of Ireland. Description of Maulagowna Bog cSAC Maulagowna Bog is located on the northern edge of the Caha Mountains, Co. Kerry. The blanket bog is intact and in an apparently natural state. It has the characteristic species for this habitat, including Bog Cotton, Purple Moor-grass, Deer Grass and Ling Heather. In some areas, bog flushes occur, where species such as Sharp-flowered Rush, Bog Pimpernel and Marsh Violet can be found. Blanket bog occurs in association with heath and upland grassland. The heath habitat has similar plant species to the blanket bog, while upland grassland is characterised by the presence of grasses, sedges and mosses. Cummer Lough occurs to the east of the site. This species-poor, corrie lake supports Pipewort, Shoreweed and Water Lobelia. Exposed rock is most noticeable in the cliffs partially surrounding Cummer Lough, where a variety of vegetation types occur. There are several streams within the site. Chough are present within the site, a species listed under Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. Sheep and cattle grazing occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecohydrological Characteristics of a Newly Identified Coastal Raised Bog on the Western Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA
    Received: 3 September 2020 Revised: 12 December 2020 Accepted: 9 February 2021 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2287 RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecohydrological characteristics of a newly identified coastal raised bog on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA F. Joseph Rocchio1 | Edward Gage2 | Tynan Ramm-Granberg1 | Andrea K. Borkenhagen2 | David J. Cooper2 1Washington Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, Abstract Olympia, Washington, USA In western North America, ombrotrophic bogs are known to occur as far south as 2 Department of Forest and Rangeland coastal regions of British Columbia. A recent discovery of a peatland with a raised Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA peat surface on the western Olympic Peninsula in Washington State (Crowberry Bog), USA, suggested that the distribution range of this ecosystem type extends fur- Correspondence F. Joseph Rocchio, Washington Department of ther south along the coast. To confirm if the site was an ombrotrophic peatland, we Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, analysed its topography, hydrologic regime, water chemistry and vegetation. LiDAR Olympia, WA, USA Email: [email protected] data indicated that the peatland is elevated nearly 3 m above the surrounding land- scape. Water table variations in the plateau were strongly associated with seasonal Present address Andrea K. Borkenhagen, Advisian, Calgary, and daily precipitation events, indicating ombrotrophy. The hydraulic gradient on the Alberta, Canada. plateau is downward through most of the year, demonstrating that precipitation is percolating vertically into deeper peat layers. In the rand, the hydraulic gradients are horizontal over much of the year, indicating that the plateau is draining through the rand to the lagg.
    [Show full text]
  • SPFHS Student's Foot Is Reattached After Accident
    SCOTCH PLAINS FANWOOD VOLUMI24-NUMBER 18 bCOTCH PLAINSFANWOOD, N.J, THURSDAY. MAY 7, 1981 25 CENTS A MAYOR ON WHEELS SPFHS student's foot is reattached after accident Realtor's building is damaged in second auto crash by Joan T, Monahan hours to complete, and is In the first surgery of its believed to be the first limb kind In the local area, the reattaehmenl in the Central severed foot of a Scotch Jersey area, A decision was Plains-Fanwood High School made to undertake the student was reattached by surgery at Muhlenberg, surgeons at Muhlenberg rather than to transport the Hospital last Wednesday. patient to one of the New The surgery followed a late- York hospitals where such afternoon accident in the surgery normally takes place, parking lot at Scotch Plains- because the facilities and ex- Fanwood High School, pertise were available. According to reports from When Henning was admit- police and high school prin- ted to the hospital,, his foot cipal Dr, Terry Riegel, was held on by only two 18-year old Scott Henning bridges of skin, with the was severely injured when his Achilles tendon and major righi t foot caught in the wheel nerve in back of the foot still of a motorcycle he was intact. The surgeons* concern operating in the parking lot, was restoration of circulation Riegel said that, although in the foot. They reconnected there were no direct broken blood vessels, witnesses, it was bis restored circulation and set understanding that another broken bones in the foot, Mayor Alice Agran, center, reviews Bicycle Safety with student was backing out from Henning was able to move Mrs, Joan Papen, chairman, and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Peatland Restoration Demonstrating Success
    UK Peatland Restoration demonstrating success This booklet should be cited as: Cris, R., Buckmaster, S., Bain, C. & Bonn, A. (Eds.) (2011) UK Peatland Restoration — Demonstrating Success. IUCN UK National Committee Peatland Programme, Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-9570572-2-7 June 2012 The report can be downloaded from http://www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org/ The International Union for the Conservation of Nature ,8&1 LVDJOREDORUJDQL]DWLRQSURYLGLQJDQLQÀXHQWLDODQG authoritative voice for nature conservation. The IUCN National Committee UK Peatland Programme promotes peatland UHVWRUDWLRQLQWKH8.DQGDGYRFDWHVWKHPXOWLSOHEHQH¿WVRI peatlands through partnerships, strong science, sound policy and effective practice. Design by Dirty White Design UK Peatland Restoration demonstrating success UK PEATLAND RESTORATION — DEMONSTRATING SUCCESS UK PEATLAND RESTORATION — DEMONSTRATING SUCCESS CONTENTS FOREWORD 5 5. FEN RESTORATION 61 V. Connecting the Fragments — Great Fen, Cambridgeshire 62 1. INTRODUCTION 6 W. Rebuilding the Ecological Network — Somerset Levels and Moors, Somerset 64 2. UK PEATLAND RESTORATION – DELIVERING RESULTS THROUGH X. Working in Partnership for Wetland Restoration — Anglesey and Llyn LIFE project, AN ECOSSYSTEM APPROACH 8 North Wales 66 3. BLANKET BOG RESTORATION 15 6. GLOSSARY 68 A. Ecosystem Engineering in Action — Dove Stone, Peak District National Park 16 7. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 69 B. Restoring the Mires-on-the-Moors — Exmoor Mires, Exmoor National Park 18 C. British Overseas Territories Peatland Restoration — Falklands, BOT 20 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 70 D. Bringing LIFE Back to the bog — Flow Country, Northern Scotland 22 9. SUPPORTERS AND PARTNERS 71 E. From Source to Sea — Keighley Moor, South Pennines 24 F. Breathing LIFE into Welsh Blanket Bogs — LIFE Active Blanket Bog, North Wales 26 G. Peatland Restoration for Enjoyment — Marble Arch Caves, Cuilcagh Mountains Northern Ireland 28 H.
    [Show full text]