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Cicada Ovipositors Enhanced with Metals and Other Inorganic Elements Matthew S
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An augmented wood-penetrating structure: Cicada ovipositors enhanced with metals and other inorganic elements Matthew S. Lehnert1*, Kristen E. Reiter1,2, Gregory A. Smith1 & Gene Kritsky3 Few insect species are as popular as periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.). Despite representing an enormous biomass and numbers that exceed 370/m2 during mass emergences, the extended time period of the underground nymphal stages (up to 17 years) complicates investigations of their life history traits and ecology. Upon emergence, female cicadas mate and then use their ovipositors to cut through wood to lay their eggs. Given the ability to penetrate into wood, we hypothesized that the ovipositor cuticle is augmented with inorganic elements, which could increase hardness and reduce ovipositor fracturing. We used scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to evaluate the material properties of ovipositors of four cicada species, including three species of periodical cicadas. We found 14 inorganic elements of the cuticle, of which P, Ca, Si, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cl, K, and S show the highest concentrations (%wt) near the apex of the ovipositor, where other structural modifcations for penetrating wood are present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst report of metal deposits in the cuticle of true bugs (Hemiptera, >80,000 described species). Te independent origin of traits that perform similar functions represents a cornerstone of natural selection. Examples of such convergent evolution can be found across animal taxa: intelligence among birds and apes1, echolocation among bats and dolphins2, and fuid-feeding mechanisms among fies and butterfies3. -
An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
© Copyright Australian Museum, 2005 Records of the Australian Museum (2005) Vol. 57: 375–446. ISSN 0067-1975 An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna M.S. MOULDS Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The history of cicada family classification is reviewed and the current status of all previously proposed families and subfamilies summarized. All tribal rankings associated with the Australian fauna are similarly documented. A cladistic analysis of generic relationships has been used to test the validity of currently held views on family and subfamily groupings. The analysis has been based upon an exhaustive study of nymphal and adult morphology, including both external and internal adult structures, and the first comparative study of male and female internal reproductive systems is included. Only two families are justified, the Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. The latter are here considered to comprise three subfamilies, the Cicadinae, Cicadettinae n.stat. (= Tibicininae auct.) and the Tettigadinae (encompassing the Tibicinini, Platypediidae and Tettigadidae). Of particular note is the transfer of Tibicina Amyot, the type genus of the subfamily Tibicininae, to the subfamily Tettigadinae. The subfamily Plautillinae (containing only the genus Plautilla) is now placed at tribal rank within the Cicadinae. The subtribe Ydiellaria is raised to tribal rank. The American genus Magicicada Davis, previously of the tribe Tibicinini, now falls within the Taphurini. Three new tribes are recognized within the Australian fauna, the Tamasini n.tribe to accommodate Tamasa Distant and Parnkalla Distant, Jassopsaltriini n.tribe to accommodate Jassopsaltria Ashton and Burbungini n.tribe to accommodate Burbunga Distant. -
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument Top left: Melanoplus akinus Top right: Vanessa cardui Bottom left: Elodes sp. Bottom right: Wolf Spider (Family Lycosidae) by David Lightfoot Compiled by Theresa Murphy Nov 2012 In collaboration with Collin Haffey, Craig Allen, David Lightfoot, Sandra Brantley and Kay Beeley WHAT ARE ARTHROPODS? And why are they important? What’s the difference between Arthropods and Insects? Most of this guide is comprised of insects. These are animals that have three body segments- head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs, and usually have wings, although there are several wingless forms of insects. Insects are of the Class Insecta and they make up the largest class of the phylum called Arthropoda (arthropods). However, the phylum Arthopoda includes other groups as well including Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, barnacles, etc.), Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc.) and Arachnida (scorpions, king crabs, spiders, mites, ticks, etc.). Arthropods including insects and all other animals in this phylum are characterized as animals with a tough outer exoskeleton or body-shell and flexible jointed limbs that allow the animal to move. Although this guide is comprised mostly of insects, some members of the Myriapoda and Arachnida can also be found here. Remember they are all arthropods but only some of them are true ‘insects’. Entomologist - A scientist who focuses on the study of insects! What’s bugging entomologists? Although we tend to call all insects ‘bugs’ according to entomology a ‘true bug’ must be of the Order Hemiptera. So what exactly makes an insect a bug? Insects in the order Hemiptera have sucking, beak-like mouthparts, which are tucked under their “chin” when Metallic Green Bee (Agapostemon sp.) not in use. -
A Giant Tettigarctid Cicada from the Mesozoic of Northeastern China
SPIXIANA 39 1 119-124 München, September 2016 ISSN 0341-8391 A giant tettigarctid cicada from the Mesozoic of northeastern China (Hemiptera, Tettigarctidae) Jun Chen & Bo Wang Chen, J. & Wang, B. 2016. A giant tettigarctid cicada from the Mesozoic of northeastern China (Hemiptera, Tettigarctidae). Spixiana 39 (1): 119-124. A new genus, Macrotettigarcta gen. nov. in the insect family Tettigarctidae with a new species Macrotettigarcta obesa spec. nov., is described from the latest Middle- earliest Late Jurassic of northeastern China. The new tettigarctid cicada is giant and morphologically unique, and so adds to our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Mesozoic Tettigarctidae. In addition, the evolutionary history of Jurassic–Creta- ceous Tettigarctidae in northeastern China is discussed. Jun Chen (corresponding author), Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Shuangling Rd., Linyi 276000, China; e-mail: [email protected] Bo Wang, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing In- stitute of Geology and Palaeontology, East Beijing Rd., Nanjing 210008, China; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction of forewing as well as other body structures. The new taxon further ascertains the fact that Mesozoic The Tettigarctidae (hairy cicadas) is the most an- tettigarctids were highly structurally diversified, cient group of the superfamily Cicadoidea and is and so adds to our knowledge of the biodiversity now relict, with only two species attributed to the and evolutionary history of Tettigarctidae. sole genus Tettigarcta White, 1845 (Moulds 1990, Shcherbakov 2009). The Mesozoic records of this family are relatively rich, but most known fossils are Material and methods just incomplete forewing impressions (Li et al. -
American Scientist the Magazine of Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society
Computing Science Bugs That Count Brian Hayes A reprint from American Scientist the magazine of Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society Volume 92, Number 5 September– October, 2004 pages 401–405 This reprint is provided for personal and noncommercial use. For any other use, please send a request to Permissions, American Scientist, P.O. Box 13975, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, U.S.A., or by electronic mail to [email protected]. © 2004 Brian Hayes. COMPUTING SCIENCE BUGS THAT COUNT Brian Hayes long the East Coast of the United States, in the cicada’s ecological circumstances are most a cohort of periodical cicadas known as important in maintaining its synchronized way Brood X occupies the prime turf from of life. On the other hand, the models do nothing ANew York City down to Washington, D.C. Brood to dispel the sense of mystery about these organ- Xers are the hip, urban cicadas, the inside-the- isms; bugs that count are deeply odd. Beltway cicadas, the media-savvy celebrity cica- das. When they emerge from their underground A Clockwork Insect existence every 17 years, they face predatory Cicadas spend almost all of their lives under- flocks of science writers and television crews, ground, as “nymphs” feeding on xylem sucked hungry for a story. out of tree roots; they come to the surface only to This year was a Brood X year. Back in May mate. Most species have a life cycle lasting a few and June, all along the Metroliner corridor, the years, but individuals are not synchronized; all air was abuzz with cicada calls, echoed and am- age groups are present at all times, and each year plified by the attentive journalists. -
Two New Species of Cicadatra (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) from Greece
bs_bs_banner Entomological Science (2013) 16, 83–90 doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2012.00540.x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Two new species of Cicadatra (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) from Greece Paula Cristina SIMÕES1, Allen SANBORN2 and José Alberto QUARTAU1 1Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; and 2Department of Biology, Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida, USA Abstract The present study is the description of two new species of Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857 found in some Greek islands during the summers of 1998 and 2001. Cicadatra icari sp. n. is described from Ikaria and Samos and Cicadatra karpathosensis sp. n. from Karpathos. Description of the external morphology is provided. The male genitalia were dissected for close examination and illustration. Acoustic signals produced by males were recorded and analyzed and a description of the calling songs is provided. Discrimination from the closely allied species is also provided. Key words: calling song, cicadas, morphology, taxonomy INTRODUCTION Along the Mediterranean basin, the Aegean Sea islands and the Balkans constitute a high diversity area Cicadas constitute the superfamily Cicadoidea, a group which offered a number of important refugia during the of the Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha where males typi- last glacial period, and hence where several taxa might cally communicate during pair formation and courtship have evolved and from where species might have through acoustic distinctive signals (Claridge 1985; dispersed, namely in Europe (e.g. Oosterbroek 1994; Boulard & Mondon 1995; Quartau et al. 1999; Simões Taberlet et al. 1998; Hewitt 1999; Çiplak 2004; et al. 2000). These striking acoustic signals make them Augustinos et al. -
Edible Insects
1.04cm spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper ISSN 0258-6150 FAO 171 FORESTRY 171 PAPER FAO FORESTRY PAPER 171 Edible insects Edible insects Future prospects for food and feed security Future prospects for food and feed security Edible insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of insects to food security and examines future prospects for raising insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries. It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of insects for food security. And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock. -
Sexual Signaling in Periodical Cicadas, Magicicada Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
SEXUAL SIGNALING IN PERIODICAL CICADAS, MAGICICADA SPP. (HEMIPTERA: CICADIDAE) by JOHN R. COOLEY1,2) and DAVID C. MARSHALL1,3) (Department of Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079) (Acc. 4-VI-2001) Summary Periodical cicada (Magicicada spp.) sexual pair formation takes place in dense aggregations and involves intense male-male competition for limited mating opportunities. Pair-forming behavior in these species has been poorly understood because of limited knowledge of sexual communication. We have found that sexually receptive female Magicicada ick their wings in timed response to an individual chorusing male; this previously unrecognized female response is hereafter referred to as a ‘wing- ick’ signal. We document the nature, timing, and species-speci city of this signal as well as its absence in both immature and mated females. We also document changes in male chorusing and searching behavior in response to wing- ick signals and male responses to the signals’ visual and acoustical components. We test the hypothesis that female sensory psychology has shaped the evolution of -decim calls by 1) Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs CT 06269-3043. 2) Corresponding author; e-mail address: [email protected] 3) We thank R.D. Alexander, T.E. Moore, D. Otte, C. Simon, K. Wells, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful discussion and comments. Thanks also to the Alum Springs Young Life Camp, Rockbridge County, VA; Horsepen Lake State Wildlife Management Area, Buckingham County, VA; Siloam Springs State Park, Brown and Adams Counties, IL; Harold E. -
The Cicada Genus Chremistica Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Sundaland
S. YAAKOP 1, J. P. DUFFELS 2 & H. VISSER 2 1 Centre for Insect Systematics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (Zoological Museum), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands THE CICADA GENUS CHREMISTICA STÅL (HEMIPTERA: CICADIDAE) IN SUNDALAND Yaakop, S., J. P. Duffels & H. Visser, 2005. The cicada genus Chremistica Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Sundaland. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 247-306, figs. 1-92, table 1. [ 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 2005. This study presents a revision of the 17 species of the cicada genus Chremistica Stål occurring in Sundaland: Malayan Peninsula, Java, Sumatra and Borneo. Nine species were already known to science: Chremistica biloba Bregman, C. bimaculata (Olivier), C. guamusangensis Salmah & Zaidi, C. kecil Salmah & Zaidi, C. minor Bregman, C. nesiotes Breddin, C. pontianaka (Distant), C. tridentigera (Breddin), and C. umbrosa (Distant). Eight species are new to science: Chremistica borneensis, C. brooksi, C. cetacauda, C. echinaria, C. hollowayi, C. malayensis, C. niasica, and C. sumatrana. The Sundaland species of Chremistica belong to three species groups: the C. pontianaka group, the bimaculata group and the tridentigera group. A key to the species is presented for the identification of the males of Chremistica from Sundaland. The ge- ographical distributions of the species are presented in maps. Correspondence: S. Yaakop, Centre for Insect Systematics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. – Chremistica; Cicadidae; taxonomy; new species; key; distribution; Sundaland; South East Asia. The first aim of this paper is to contribute to the Pacific, have already demonstrated that cicadas can be knowledge of cicada biodiversity in Sundaland: the instrumental in recognizing hot spots of species rich- Malayan Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Krah, ness and areas of endemism with unique biota (e.g., Sumatra, Borneo and Java, and the small islands Boer & Duffels 1997). -
The Cicada Genus Megapomponia Boulard, 2005 from Laos, With
102 North-Western Journal of Zoology 2020, vol.16 (1) - Correspondence: Notes The cicada genus Megapomponia Boulard, 2005 Megapomponia intermedia (Distant 1905) from Laos, with description of a new species Pomponia intermedia Distant 1905: 68–69 [Type Location: Tenasserim: Thaungyang Valley]; Hayashi 1993: 14, fig. 3. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Megapomponia intermedia: Boulard 2008: 365; Lee & Sanborn 2010: 31, 32, 34, figs 3–4, 8; Lee, 2014: 64. Lee (2014) recorded 60 species of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemip- Distribution: Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. tera) from Laos, belonging to 33 genera. The genus Megapomponia Boulard, 2005 contains eight Megapomponia bourgoini sp.nov. species distributed throughout the Oriental Region. The five urn: Figs 1–3 species included in Megapomponia by Boulard (2005), M. im- Etymology: the species is dedicated to Prof. Thierry peratoria (Westwood, 1842), M. merula (Distant, 1905), M. in- Bourgoin in acknowledgment for all his help during visit of termedia (Distant, 1905), M. pendleburyi (Boulard, 2001), and the first author to the MNHN collection. M. clamorigravis Boulard, 2005, are very hard to distinguish Type material: Laos: Holotype ♂: [Laos, Seno, 1961, leg. from each other in morphology, even in the male genitalia. Duhaut] (MNHN). Coordinates of Seno (= Xeno): 16°40'37"N More recently, Lee & Sanborn (2010) described three addi- 104°58'58"E. M. atrotunicata tional species of this genus, Lee & Sanborn Description: Measurements (in mm) - ♂: body length: 2010, M. sitesi Sanborn & Lee 2010, and M. castanea Lee & 72.5; fore wing length: 83.5; head width: 20.2; length of head: Sanborn 2010 from Thailand and Cambodia. 9.1; pronotum width: 24.5. -
Platypleurini Schmidt, 1918
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 75 (31 May 2018) ISSN 2057-0570 (online) 49 Case 3761 – PLATYPLEURINI Schmidt, 1918: Proposed precedence over HAMZARIA Distant, 1905 to conserve nomenclatural stability in the CICADIDAE (Insecta, Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, CICADOIDEA) David C. Marshall Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA ([email protected]) Max Moulds Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St., Sydney NSW 2010, Australia. ([email protected]) Michel Boulard Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, Paris, France. ([email protected]) Allen F. Sanborn Department of Biology, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, USA ([email protected]) Anthony Ewart Entomology Section, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland Australia ([email protected]) Cong Wei Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. ([email protected]) Kiran Marathe National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, India. ([email protected]) Lindsay W. Popple Entomology Section, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. ([email protected]) Benjamin W. Price Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom ([email protected]) 50 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 75 (31 May 2018) ISSN 2057-0570 (online) Chris Simon Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA ([email protected]) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3DD031C0-69CD-46F0-ABDF-821F6A6F84C7 http://dx.doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v75.a012 Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the family-group name PLATYPLEURINI Schmidt, 1918 and its derivatives for a group of Old World cicada species, by giving it precedence over the senior synonym HAMZARIA Distant, 1905. -
Hemiptera, Cicadidae) Allen F
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts, Sciences & Education 12-29-2011 Thermal Adaptation and Diversity in Tropical Ecosystems: Evidence from Cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) Allen F. Sanborn Barry University James E. Heath Buchanan Dam Polly K. Phillips Miramar, Florida Maxine S. Heath Buchanan Dam Fernando G. Noriega Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cas_bio Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sanborn AF, Heath JE, Phillips PK, Heath MS, Noriega FG (2011) Thermal Adaptation and Diversity in Tropical Ecosystems: Evidence from Cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae). PLoS ONE 6(12): e29368. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029368 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thermal Adaptation and Diversity in Tropical Ecosystems: Evidence from Cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) Allen F. Sanborn1*, James E. Heath2, Polly K. Phillips3, Maxine S. Heath2, Fernando G. Noriega4 1 Department of Biology, Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida, United States of America, 2 Buchanan Dam, Texas, United States of America, 3 Miramar, Florida, United States of America, 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America Abstract The latitudinal gradient in species diversity is a central problem in ecology.