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Competitive Advantage of Local Potential - Based Tourism Destinations: Evidence from Indonesia Pjaee, 17(6) (2020)

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COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF LOCAL POTENTIAL - BASED TOURISM DESTINATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA PJAEE, 17(6) (2020) COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF LOCAL POTENTIAL-BASED TOURISM DESTINATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA Rede Roni Bare1, Haedar Akib2, Anshari3, Djamil Hasim4, Akbar Mukmin5 1Doctor in Public Administration Universitas Negeri Makassar, Regional Secretary of Toraja Regency, Rantepao, Indonesia. 2Head of the Department of Administrative Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia. 3Deputy Director for Cooperation Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia. 4Rector of InstitutIlmu Sosial dan IlmuPolitik (IISIP) Biak, Biak Numfor, Indonesia. 5Doctor Candidate in Public Administration Universitas Negeri Makassar, Regional Secretary of Sinjai Regency, Sinjai, Indonesia Rede Roni Bare , Haedar Akib , Anshari , Djamil Hasim , Akbar Mukmin , Competitive Advantage Of Local Potential-Based Tourism Destinations: Evidence From Indonesia , Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6). ISSN 1567-214x. Keywords: Tourism Destinations, SaptaPesona Tourism (SPT), Resource-Based Strategy, Market-Based Strategy, Sustainable Competitiveness. ABSTRACT: Tourism is a leading sector of multidimensional development that is the focus of attention of national and regional governments around the world, including Indonesia to enter the New Normal Local Economy (NENOLE) era. One of the strategies of choice in fostering tourist interest in visiting one of the preferred strategies in fostering tourist interest in visiting tourism destinations or tourist attraction objects (TAO) in Indonesia is through the re- realization of the SaptaPesonaTourism (SPT) program. This developmental descriptive study aims to explain the results of the re-actualization of the SPT program as a source of 16567 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF LOCAL POTENTIAL - BASED TOURISM DESTINATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA PJAEE, 17(6) (2020) competitive advantage based on local competence in Toraja Indonesia. Data were collected through observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentation. The descriptive-qualitative analysis technique used follows the stages of the interactive model, namely data collection, data condensation, data presentation, conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the creation of physical, socio-psychological, and ecological (environmental) situations and conditions in most tourism destinations or TAO actualized the SPT program with high results. Created situations and conditions that provide a sense of security and comfort because the psychological, social, and physical environment is orderly, clean, cool, friendly, and beautiful so that it is memorable for tourists and all interested parties. This reality shows that the preconditions (requirements) that accommodate the development of a core strategy in the form of the embodiment of the elements of SPT and a resource-based strategy approach combined with a market-based strategy approach are appropriate to be used as approaches strategy to increase the competitiveness of tourism destinations based on local competencies owned. INTRODUCTION: Tourism as a leading sector of multidimensional development is the focus of attention of central and local governments around the world, including Indonesia in entering the New Normal Local Economy (NENOLE) era. The attention of many countries to tourism is recognized by experts (Carrillo & Jorge, 2017; Nocca, 2017; Pazienza, 2004; Persada, 2018; Pratomo & Sumargo, 2016) because the tourism sector is considered capable of bringing benefits and advantages to countries or regions that develop. The United Nations World Tourism Organization / UNWTO (World Tourism Organization, 2021) recognizes that tourism is a leading sector and is one of the key factors for the success of regional development in a country and improving welfare for the community in a sustainable manner. According to Yoeti (2016), tourism development is very important because it is in line with the development of various aspects of life and the fulfillment of human needs. Currently, the tourism industry sector is following what has been formulated and has succeeded in achieving the desired targets, both in terms of economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects. In the development of tourism, it is necessary to consider various things that are directly and indirectly related without exception, because tourism development is not closely related to the economic, social, and cultural sectors that live in society. LITERATURE REVIEW: Tourism can be understood as a trip that is carried out repeatedly or in circles from one place to another with a specific purpose and purpose (Simanjuntak et al., 2017), the movement of people in a short time temporarily to destinations outside their places normally live (Burkart & Medlik, 1990). The same thing is understood by Mathieson & Wall (1982) that tourism involves the temporary movement of people to destinations but they add emphasis to activities and facilities needed by people who make the trip. According to Simanjuntak et al., (2017) that the whole phenomenon of tourism is carried out by tourists, including various facilities and services provided by the Community, Entrepreneurs, Government, and Regional Government, as well as related businesses in this field can be defined by the term tourism. Normatively, in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism, it is explained that tourism is a variety of tourism activities and is supported by various facilities and services provided by the Community, Entrepreneurs, Government, and Local Government (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009). The definition according to this law emphasizes that every tourism destination should have quality tourism activities to attract tourists, supported by quality 16568 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF LOCAL POTENTIAL - BASED TOURISM DESTINATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA PJAEE, 17(6) (2020) facilities as well. Tourism will not develop if stakeholders do not take part in the development and implementation of tourism programs. This definition clearly states that stakeholders are the community, entrepreneurs, and the government. Pender & Sharpley (2004) assert that tourism is a complex phenomenon. Tourism can be multi-sectoral as well as multi-asset business. In addition, tourism can create difficulties if generalizing about the management of tourism businesses. Tourism is an industry so that in the context of its implementation it involves many sectors and this makes tourism multi- sectoral. Tourism involves the transportation industry, the agricultural industry, the manufacturing industry, and other industries. Therefore, tourism has multiple impacts in addition to increasing the competitiveness of developing regions, tourism is also able to improve the welfare of the community. According to Yoeti (2002), the conditions for a trip are referred to as tourism trips if 1) the trip is carried out from one place to another, outside the place where the person usually lives; 2) the purpose of the trip is solely for fun and not to earn a living in the place or country visited; 3) solely as a consumer at the place visited. The development of tourism and the creation of sustainable national and regional competitiveness is in line with the development goals and objectives to be achieved. The important aspects that need to be known in planning tourism development are: 1) Tourists, knowing in advance the characteristics of future tourists. 2) Transportation or transportation, knowing in advance the transportation that is available or which will be used. 3) Attractions or tourist attraction objects (TAO), how attractions will be sold, whether they meet three conditions, namely: what can be seen, what can be done, and what can be purchased in the tourist destination to be visited. 4) Service facilities, in the sense of what facilities are available in the tourist destination, how are the existing hotel accommodations, restaurants, public services such as banks/money changers, post offices, communication access, and others, including information and promotions for prospective tourists about the tourist destinations to be visited. 5) Ansilarity, or additional services such as securing TAO by interested agencies and clear regulations governing tourism from the central or local government. Indonesia since 1978 there has been a seriousness in developing tourism. This is stated in the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly Number IV/MPR/1978 which states that tourism needs to be improved and expanded to increase foreign exchange earnings, expand employment opportunities, and introduce culture (read in Mutis, 2011). The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 1990 concerning Tourism, article 1 paragraph 5 states that tourism is everything related to tourism and related businesses in its field (President of the Republic of Indonesia, 1990). Then, law Number 10 of 2009 which is valid until now states that tourism is a variety of tourism activities and is supported by various facilities and services provided by the community, businessmen, government, and local governments (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009). These policies are implemented and followed up in the form of programs and activities. One of the national programs that support tourism development and the creation of national and regional competitive advantages in Indonesia is the SaptaPesona Tourism (SPT) Program. Based
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