Drying Hardwood Lumber
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Patrolling Fall 2008 75 Th Ranger Regiment Association, Inc
PATROLLING FALL 2008 75 TH RANGER REGIMENT ASSOCIATION, INC. VOLUME 23 ISSUE II Vietnamese Rangers (37 th Biet Dong Quan), and their US advisors inspect a captured NVA recoilless rifle during the battle at Khe Sanh, Tet, 1968. Trench lines were necessary due to sniper fire and constant incoming enemy rounds. Senior Advisor CPT Walter Gunn is in the forefront, Officers’ Messages ................................1-10 kneeling; SFC Willard Langdon, 4 th from right, with BDQ General ..................................11-24 & 72-80 patch. Unit Reports ........................................25-71 CHINA - BURMA - INDIA VIETNAM IRAN GRENADA PANAMA IRAQ SOMALIA AFGHANISTAN PATROLLING – FALL 2008 PATROLLING – FALL 2008 WHO WE ARE: The 75th Ranger Regiment Association, Inc., is a We have funded trips for families to visit their wounded sons and registered 501 (c) corporation, registered in the State of Georgia. We were husbands while they were in the hospital. We have purchased a learning founded in 1986 by a group of veterans of F/58, (LRP) and L/75 (Ranger). program soft ware for the son of one young Ranger who had a brain The first meeting was held on June 7, 1986, at Ft. Campbell, KY. tumor removed. The Army took care of the surgery, but no means existed OUR MISSION: to purchase the learning program. We fund the purchase of several awards 1. To identify and offer membership to all eligible 75th Infantry Rangers, for graduates of RIP and Ranger School. We have contributed to each of and members of the Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol the three Battalion’s Memorial Funds and Ranger Balls, Companies, Long Range Patrol Companies, Ranger and to the Airborne Memorial at Ft. -
Biomass Drying: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
archives of thermodynamics Vol. 39(2018), No. 1, 39–73 DOI: 10.1515/aoter-2018-0003 Biomass drying: Experimental and numerical investigations JACEK ŻABSKIa∗ PIOTR LAMPARTa STANISŁAW GUMKOWSKIb a Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Fiszera 14, Poland b Gdańsk School of Higher Education, 80-875 Gdańsk, Biskupia 24B Abstract Results of experimental and numerical investigations of wood chips drying are described in the paper. Experiments are carried out on two test facilities: a small laboratory rig and a larger pre-prototype dryer. Both facilities are thorough-circulation convective air dryers. The first one is a batch dryer, whereas the second one is a continuous dryer with wood chips flowing down by gravity from a charging hopper to a gutter with the aid of screw-conveyor. The latter is considered a half scale model (pre- prototype) for professional drying installations. A low feeding rate of wood chips into the pre-prototype dryer makes the process quasi-stationary and the difference between it and a batch drying is negligible. So, most exper- iments at this facility were carried out as batch dryers with non-agitated packed beds. The investigations exhibit the same linear correlation between the mass of evaporated water from the packed bed and the drying air veloc- ity for both facilities. Numerical analysis of the drying process is conducted using the Ansys Fluent software enriched in drying capabilities by means of self-written procedures – user defined functions. Simulations confirmed a phenomenon of a drying front observed in the small laboratory rig. A thin layer of wood chips comprises the whole heat exchange and moisture evap- oration phenomenon. -
Comparative Study of NZ Pine & Selected SE Asian Species
(FRONT COVER) A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEW ZEALAND PINE AND SELECTED SOUTH EAST ASIAN SPECIES (INSIDE FRONT COVER) NEW ZEALAND PINE - A RENEWABLE RESOURCE NZ pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) was introduced to New Zealand (NZ) from the USA about 150 years ago and has gained a dominant position in the New Zealand forest industry - gradually replacing timber from natural forests and establishing a reputation in international trade. The current log production from New Zealand forests (1998) is 17 million m3, of which a very significant proportion (40%) is exported as wood products of some kind. Estimates of future production indicate that by the year 2015 the total forest harvest could be about 35 million m3. NZ pine is therefore likely to be a major source of wood for Asian wood manufacturers. This brochure has been produced to give prospective wood users an appreciation of the most important woodworking characteristics for high value uses. Sponsored by: Wood New Zealand Ltd. Funded by: New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Written by: New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd. (Front page - First sheet)) NEW ZEALAND PINE - A VERSATILE TIMBER NZ pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) from New Zealand is one of the world’s most versatile softwoods - an ideal material for a wide range of commercial applications. Not only is the supply from sustainable plantations increasing, but the status of the lumber as a high quality resource has been endorsed by a recent comparison with six selected timber species from South East Asia. These species were chosen because they have similar end uses to NZ pine. -
METHODS of ACCELERATING WOOD DRYING by Leif D
METHODS OF ACCELERATING WOOD DRYING by Leif D. Espenas Oregon Forest Products Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon Introduction Methods of accelerating the drying of wood have always been the subject of keen interest by the wood industries. Rapid drying methods are potentially low cost drying methods and the conveniences inherent in short drying periods provide ad- ditional attractions. Unfortunately, some of the methods proposed are not cheaper methods but may be even more costly than the current air drying on kiln drying methods. Others hold little or no promise of being capable of doing a reasonably good job of drying and there are a few proposed methods that do not in fact reduce drying time. Within modern times, kiln drying, which had its start almost a century ago, has been the most successful method of accelerating drying. Despite the fact that there are some few persons who are still skeptical of the merits of kiln drying, there can be little doubt about its success. Current research in drying is largely directed to- wards improvement of kiln drying methods. These efforts, however, along with more fundamental studies of the seasoning of wood, may sometime result in even greater success either by- kiln drying or by some other method. Basic Theory of Wood Drying The basic concepts of the drying of wood involve knowledge of the structure of wood and of moisture diffusion, neither of which are as yet completely understood. Botanists, anatomists, wood technologists and chemists have long been studying wood structure, but theories and studies of the movement of moisture in wood as it dries are about as new as the development of the internal fan dry kiln. -
Evaluation of Azeotropic Dehydration for the Preservation of Shrimp. James Edward Rutledge Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Evaluation of Azeotropic Dehydration for the Preservation of Shrimp. James Edward Rutledge Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Rutledge, James Edward, "Evaluation of Azeotropic Dehydration for the Preservation of Shrimp." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1689. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1689 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 70-9089 microfilmed exactly as received RUTLEDGE, James Edward, 1941- EVALUATION OF AZEOTROPIC DEHYDRATION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SHRIMP. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, PhJD., 1969 Food Technology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Evaluation of Azeotropic Dehydration for the Preservation of Shrimp A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Food Science and Technology by James Edward Rutledge B.S., Texas A&M University, 1963 M.S., Texas A&M University, 1966 August, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to his major professor, Dr, Fred H. Hoskins, for the guidance which he supplied not only in respect to this dissertation but also in regard to the author’s graduate career at Louisiana State University, Gratitude is also extended to Dr. -
Assessment of End-Of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis
Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes Will Lawler A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering March 2015 i. Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are now core to modern desalination processes and are widely used around the world. Based on the increasing number of desalination plants, and the finite lifespan of the membranes, the resulting number of used RO modules to be discarded is becoming a critical challenge. The overall aim of this study is to identify, develop and assess alternative end-of-life options for used RO elements and investigate the associated technical readiness, environmental impact, financial considerations and legislative challenges. The assessed end-of-life alternatives include, direct reuse of the old membranes within lower throughput systems; chemical conversion into porous, ultrafiltration (UF) like filters; direct reuse or recycling of the various module components; various energy recovery techniques, and landfill disposal. The results show that direct reuse is a promising application that can be utilised with minimal additional treatment or infrastructure; however, module storage techniques are a critical consideration, particularly as membrane drying has a significant and irreversible impact on membrane performance due to pore collapse in the polysulfone support layer. The method for chemical conversion with controlled exposure to NaOCl has been optimised, resulting in promising organic and virus removal properties, comparable to commercially available 10 – 30 kDa molecular weight cut off UF membranes; however, there was significant variation in hydraulic performance, ranging from 8 – 400 L.m-2.h-1.bar-1. -
Flash Column Chromatography Guide
8.9 - Flash Column Chromatography Guide Overview: Flash column chromatography is a quick and (usually) easy way to separate complex mixtures of compounds. We will be performing relatively large scale separations in 5.301, around 1.0 g of compound. Columns are often smaller in scale than this and some of you will experience these once you move into the research lab. Column chromatography uses the same principles discussed in the TLC Handout, but can be used on a preparative scale. We are running flash columns since we will use compressed air to push the solvent through the column. This not only helps provide better separation, but also cuts down the amount of time required to run a column. Reading: For an excellent description, see LLP pages 205 - 214. Preparing and Running a Flash Column: 1) Determine the dry, solvent-free weight of the mixture that you want to separate. 2) Determine the solvent system for the column by using TLC (see TLC Handout). You should aim for Rf values between 0.2 and 0.3. If your mixture is complicated then this may not be possible. In complex cases, you will probably have to resort to gradient elution. This simply means that you increase the polarity of the solvent running through the column (eluent) throughout the course of the purification. This technique will be described in more detail later in the handout, but for the TLC analysis you should determine which solvent systems put the different spots in the 0.2 to 0.3 Rf range. 3) Determine the method of application to the column. -
Biosynthesis of Indigo Using Recombinant E. Coli: Development of a Biological System for the Cost Effective Production of a Large Volume Chemical
BIOSYNTHESIS OF INDIGO USING RECOMBINANT E. COLI: DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR THE COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF A LARGE VOLUME CHEMICAL Alan Berry, Ph.D., Senior Scientist; Scott Battist, B.S., Ch.E., Development Engineer; Gopal Chotani, Ph.D., Ch.E., Senior Staff Scientist; Tim Dodge, M.S., Ch.E., Senior Scientist; Steve Peck, B.S., Ch.E., Development Engineer; Scott Power, Ph.D., Vice President and Research Fellow; and Walter Weyler, Ph.D., Senior Scientist Genencor International. Rochester, NY. 14618-3916. Abstract Cost-effective production of any large-volume chemical by fermentation requires extensive manipulation ofboth the production organism and the fermentation and recovery processes. We have developed a recombinant E. coli system for the production of tryptophan and several other products derived from the aromatic amino acid pathway. By linking our technology for low-cost production oftryptophan from glucose with the enzyme naphthalene dioxygenase (NOO), we have achieved an overall process for the production ofindigo dye from glucose. To successfully join these two technologies, both the tryptophan pathway and NOD were extensively modified via genetic engineering. In addition, systems were developed to remove deleterious by-products generated during the chemical oxidations leading to indigo formation. Low-cost fermentation processes were developed that utilized minimal-salts media containing glucose as the sole carbon source. Finally, economical recovery processes were used that preserved the environmental friendliness ofthe biosynthetic route to indigo. 1121 Introduction Two major problems facing the U.S. chemical industry are dependence on foreign petroleum and mounting environmental concerns and regulations (for review, see reference [1]). This has led to consideration ofbiosynthetic routes for production of aromatic compounds. -
Designing and Establishing a Fine Hardwood Timber Plantations
DESIGNING AND ESTABLISHING A FINE HARDWOOD TIMBER PLANTATION James R. McKenna and Lenny D. Farlee1 Abstract.—Today, new tools and lessons learned from established plantations of black walnut and other fine hardwoods can provide landowners with guidelines to design and establish successful plantations to produce quality timber for the future. From earlier plantations now maturing, we can recognize design features critical during establishment. Current production practices combined with improved tools, ongoing genetic improvement, and lessons learned from various spacing and species mixes make it possible to establish higher quality timber plantations today than previously possible. We summarize new tools for assessing the suitability of soils to grow good walnut and present plantation design strategies to enhance the quality of walnut mixed with other hardwoods to minimize risk if walnut does not grow well. We also include design details that can enhance the aesthetic quality of the land and expand wildlife habitat. As world population increases and available forest new growers will find the background information, lands diminish, timber plantations hold the promise planning considerations, and descriptions of to produce a greater quantity of wood per acre than techniques needed to establish a successful plantation. natural forests (Sedjo 1999, Sedjo and Botkin 1997). Walnut timber plantations on the scale of hundreds to MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES thousands of acres have been established in the last State your objectives clearly and concisely and see decade in the United States and Europe. Plantation how they fit into your over all land management plan. forestry has become a common practice for many pulp Make a detailed sketch that includes the location of and softwood timber species throughout the world, the plantation and current features as well as those and plantations can be more profitable than natural you might add in the future. -
Code of Practice for Wood Processing Facilities (Sawmills & Lumberyards)
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES (SAWMILLS & LUMBERYARDS) Version 2 January 2012 Guyana Forestry Commission Table of Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Wood Processing................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Development of the Code ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Scope of the Code ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Objectives of the Code ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Implementation of the Code ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 PRE-SAWMILLING RECOMMENDATIONS. ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Market Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... -