RF Technologies for the Ground Segment of Future Q/V Band Satellite Systems
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Complex Radio Spectral Energy Distributions in Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Caltech Authors - Main The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 739:L25 (6pp), 2011 September 20 doi:10.1088/2041-8205/739/1/L25 C 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. COMPLEX RADIO SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LUMINOUS AND ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES Adam K. Leroy1,8, Aaron S. Evans1,2, Emmanuel Momjian3, Eric Murphy4,Jurgen¨ Ott3, Lee Armus5, James Condon1, Sebastian Haan5, Joseph M. Mazzarella5, David S. Meier3,6, George C. Privon2, Eva Schinnerer7, Jason Surace5, and Fabian Walter7 1 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, USA 2 Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA 3 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA 4 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA 5 Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 314-6, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 6 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA 7 Max Planck Institut fur¨ Astronomie, Konigstuhl¨ 17, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany Received 2011 April 15; accepted 2011 June 21; published 2011 August 29 ABSTRACT We use the Expanded Very Large Array to image radio continuum emission from local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) in 1 GHz windows centered at 4.7, 7.2, 29, and 36 GHz. This allows us to probe the integrated radio spectral energy distribution (SED) of the most energetic galaxies in the local universe. -
Electronic Spectroscopy of Free Base Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Tetraphenylporphyrin§ and Metallo-Tetraphenylporphyrin Introduction The word porphyrin is derived from the Greek porphura meaning purple, and all porphyrins are intensely coloured1. Porphyrins comprise an important class of molecules that serve nature in a variety of ways. The Metalloporphyrin ring is found in a variety of important biological system where it is the active component of the system or in some ways intimately connected with the activity of the system. Many of these porphyrins synthesized are the basic structure of biological porphyrins which are the active sites of numerous proteins, whose functions range from oxygen transfer and storage (hemoglobin and myoglobin) to electron transfer (cytochrome c, cytochrome oxidase) to energy conversion (chlorophyll). They also have been proven to be efficient sensitizers and catalyst in a number of chemical and photochemical processes especially photodynamic therapy (PDT). The diversity of their functions is due in part to the variety of metals that bind in the “pocket” of the porphyrin ring system (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Metallated Tetraphenylporphyrin Upon metalation the porphyrin ring system deprotonates, forming a dianionic ligand (Fig. 2). The metal ions behave as Lewis acids, accepting lone pairs of electrons ________________________________ § We all need to thank Jay Stephens for synthesizing the H2TPP 2 from the dianionic porphyrin ligand. Unlike most transition metal complexes, their color is due to absorption(s) within the porphyrin ligand involving the excitation of electrons from π to π* porphyrin ring orbitals. Figure 2. Synthesis of Zn(TPP) The electronic absorption spectrum of a typical porphyrin consists of a strong transition to the second excited state (S0 S2) at about 400 nm (the Soret or B band) and a weak transition to the first excited state (S0 S1) at about 550 nm (the Q band). -
On Characterizing the Error in a Remotely Sensed Liquid Water Content Profile
Atmospheric Research 98 (2010) 57–68 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Atmospheric Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmos On characterizing the error in a remotely sensed liquid water content profile Kerstin Ebell a,⁎, Ulrich Löhnert a, Susanne Crewell a, David D. Turner b a Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany b University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA article info abstract Article history: The accuracy of a liquid water content profile retrieval using microwave radiometer brightness Received 15 September 2009 temperatures and/or cloud radar reflectivities is investigated for two realistic cloud profiles. Received in revised form 7 May 2010 The interplay of the errors of the a priori profile, measurements and forward model on the Accepted 1 June 2010 retrieved liquid water content error and on the information content of the measurements is analyzed in detail. It is shown that the inclusion of the microwave radiometer observations in Keywords: the liquid water content retrieval increases the number of degrees of freedom (independent Liquid water content Retrieval pieces of information) by about 1 compared to a retrieval using data from the cloud radar alone. Sensor synergy Assuming realistic measurement and forward model errors, it is further demonstrated, that the Information content error in the retrieved liquid water content is 60% or larger, if no a priori information is available, Remote sensing of clouds and that a priori information is essential for better accuracy. However, there are few observational datasets available to construct accurate a priori profiles of liquid water content, and thus more observational data are needed to improve the knowledge of the a priori profile and consequentially the corresponding error covariance matrix. -
The Economics of Releasing the V-Band and E-Band Spectrum in India
NIPFP Working Working paper paper seriesseries The Economics of Releasing the V-band and E-band Spectrum in India No. 226 02-Apr-2018 Suyash Rai, Dhiraj Muttreja, Sudipto Banerjee and Mayank Mishra National Institute of Public Finance and Policy New Delhi Working paper No. 226 The Economics of Releasing the V-band and E-band Spectrum in India Suyash Rai∗ Dhiraj Muttreja† Sudipto Banerjee Mayank Mishra April 2, 2018 ∗Suyash Rai is a Senior Consultant at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) †Dhiraj Muttreja, Sudipto Banerjee and Mayank Mishra are Consultants at the Na- tional Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) 1 Accessed at http://www.nipfp.org.in/publications/working-papers/1819/ Page 2 Working paper No. 226 1 Introduction Broadband internet users in India have been on the rise over the last decade and currently stand at more than 290 million subscribers.1 As this number continues to increase, it is imperative for the supply side to be able to match consumer expectations. It is also important to ensure optimal usage of the spectrum to maximise economic benefits of this natural resource. So, as the government decides to release the presently unreleased spectrum, it should consider the overall economic impacts of the alternative strategies for re- leasing the spectrum. In this note, we consider the potential uses of both V-band (57 GHz - 64 GHz) and E-band (71 GHz - 86 GHz), as well as the economic benefits that may accrue from these uses. This analysis can help the government choose a suitable strategy for releasing spectrum in these bands. -
Spectrum and the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Prepared by Strand Consulting on Behalf of the Satellite Industry Association1
Spectrum & the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Spectrum and the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Prepared by Strand Consulting on behalf of the Satellite Industry Association1 1 AT&T, a member of SIA, does not necessarily endorse all conclusions of this study. Page 1 of 75 Spectrum & the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ................................................................................................ 1 2. Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 4 2.1. What the satellite industry does for the U.S. today ............................................... 4 2.2. What the satellite industry offers going forward ................................................... 4 2.3. Innovation in the satellite industry ........................................................................ 5 3. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Overview .................................................................................................................. 7 3.2. Spectrum Basics ...................................................................................................... 8 3.3. Satellite Industry Segments .................................................................................... 9 3.3.1. Satellite Communications .............................................................................. -
Infrared Astronomy Break: Sara and Rebeka
Astro 121, Spring 2014 Week 13 (April 24) Topic: Infrared astronomy Break: Sara and Rebeka Reading for this week: As we switch to looking at observing at wavelengths other than visible light, we’re moving beyond what Chromey covers. For this week, I’ve suggested reading from two sources. Glass gives a good introduction to the infrared and covers much of the practical material about filter systems, etc. McLean then fills in more details of practicalities of instrumentation for the infrared and how it is different from the optical. • Chromey briefly discusses the main broadband IR filter system in Section 10.4.3. • Glass, Handbook of Infrared Astronomy. In the same series as the book by Howell, this is a relatively new book with excellent coverage of infrared astronomy. Reading: Chapter 2 (The Infrared Sky); Chapter 3 (Photometry) through 3.2; and Chapter 6 (Instrumentation). You may also want to skim the rest of Chapter 3 and all of Chapter 4; they concentrate on applications of infrared photometry and spectroscopy, respectively. • McLean, Electronic Imaging in Astronomy (second edition). Ian McLean was one of the people most closely involved in the development and use of the early infrared arrays, and this is an area where this book stands out. Read Chapter 11, skipping pp. 400–404 (and in general reading the chapter for understanding of concepts rather than lots of details). One bit of physics that is worth reviewing for this week is the concept from thermodynamics that good absorbers are also good emitters, and correspondingly that the reflectivity R of some object is related to its emissivity ε by ε = 1 – R. -
Terahertz Band: the Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems Hadeel Elayan, Osama Amin, Basem Shihada, Raed M
1 Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems Hadeel Elayan, Osama Amin, Basem Shihada, Raed M. Shubair, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini Abstract—Ultra-high bandwidth, negligible latency and seamless communication for devices and applications are envisioned as major milestones that will revolutionize the way by which societies create, distribute and consume information. The remarkable expansion of wireless data traffic that we are witnessing recently has advocated the investigation of suitable regimes in the radio spectrum to satisfy users’ escalating requirements and allow the development and exploitation of both massive capacity and massive connectivity of heterogeneous infrastructures. To this end, the Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz) has received noticeable attention in the research community as an ideal choice for scenarios involving high-speed transmission. Particularly, with the evolution of technologies and devices, advancements in THz communication is bridging the gap between the millimeter wave (mmW) and optical frequency ranges. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15 suite of standards has been issued to shape regulatory frameworks that will enable innovation and provide a complete solution that crosses between wired and wireless boundaries at 100 Gbps. Nonetheless, despite the expediting progress witnessed in THz Fig. 1. Wireless Roadmap Outlook up to the year 2035. wireless research, the THz band is still considered one of the least probed frequency bands. As such, in this work, we present an up-to-date review paper to analyze the fundamental elements I. INTRODUCTION and mechanisms associated with the THz system architecture. THz generation methods are first addressed by highlighting The race towards improving human life via developing the recent progress in the electronics, photonics as well as different technologies is witnessing a rapid pace in diverse plasmonics technology. -
EARLY ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS of a TYPE Iin SUPERNOVA (2007Pk)
The Astrophysical Journal, 750:128 (8pp), 2012 May 10 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/128 C 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. EARLY ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF A TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA (2007pk) T. A. Pritchard1,2,P.W.A.Roming1,2,P.J.Brown3,N.P.M.Kuin4, Amanda J. Bayless2, S. T. Holland5,6,S.Immler7,8,9,P.Milne10, and S. R. Oates4 1 Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA; [email protected] 2 Southwest Research Institute, Department of Space Science, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA 3 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East 201, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 4 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK 5 Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 6 Code 660.1, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 7 Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 8 Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 9 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 10 Steward Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, RM N204, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Received 2011 June 16; accepted 2012 March 1; published 2012 April 24 ABSTRACT We present some of the earliest UV observations of a Type IIn supernova (SN)—SN 2007pk, where UV and optical observations using Swift’s Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope began 3 days after discovery or ∼5 days after shock breakout. -
UK Spectrum Usage & Demand
UK Spectrum Usage & Demand Second Edition - Appendices Prepared by Real Wireless for UK Spectrum Policy Forum Issue date: 16 December 2015 Real Wireless Ltd PO Box 2218 Pulborough t +44 207 117 8514 West Sussex f +44 808 280 0142 RH20 4XB e [email protected] United Kingdom www.realwireless.biz Real Wireless Ltd PO Box 2218 Pulborough t +44 207 117 8514 West Sussex f +44 808 280 0142 RH20 4XB e [email protected] United Kingdom www.realwireless.biz About the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Launched at the request of Government, the UK Spectrum Policy Forum is the industry sounding board to Government and Ofcom on future spectrum management and regulatory policy with a view to maximising the benefits of spectrum for the UK. The Forum is open to all organisations with an interest in using spectrum and already has over 150 member organisations. A Steering Board performs the important function of ensuring the proper prioritisation and resourcing of our work. The current members of the Steering Board are: Airbus Defence and Space Huawei Sky Avanti Ofcom Telefonica BT QinetiQ Three DCMS Qualcomm Vodafone Digital UK Real Wireless About techUK techUK facilitates the UK Spectrum Policy Forum. It represents the companies and technologies that are defining today the world we will live in tomorrow. More than 850 companies are members of techUK. Collectively they employ approximately 700,000 people, about half of all tech sector jobs in the UK. These companies range from leading FTSE 100 companies to new innovative start-ups. About Real Wireless Real Wireless is the pre-eminent independent expert advisor in wireless technology, strategy & regulation worldwide. -
Probe Station Applications – Testing High Frequency Devices
Probe Station Applications – Testing High Frequency Devices ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR KNOWLEDGE BASE FACT RESEARCH & INDUSTRY SHEET • SCOPE: How to configure a wafer probe station for high frequency applications. Probe stations can be utilised to test and characterise devices for a wide range of applications. One such application of interest is the testing of high frequency (HF) devices. High frequency probing applications are also commonly referred to as radio frequency (RF), or microwave (MW) depending on the application and the frequency ranges to be tested. The frequency bandings typically used when discussing HF probing are shown in the table below: IEEE Band Wavelength Frequency Range (GHz) Explanation and notes MF 1 km – 100 m 0.0003 – 0.003 Medium Frequency HF 100 m – 10 m 0.003 – 0.03 High Frequency VHF 10 m – 1 m 0.03 – 0.3 Very High Frequency UHF 1 m – 30 cm 0.3 – 1 Ultra High Frequency L band 30 cm – 15 cm 1 – 2 Long wave S band 15 cm – 7.5 cm 2 – 4 Short wave C band 7.5 cm – 3.75 cm 4 – 8 Compromise between S and X X band 3.75 cm – 2.5 cm 8 – 12 X for crosshairs, used in WW2 for fire control Ku band 2.5 cm – 1.67 cm 12 – 18 Kurz-under K band 1.67 cm – 1.11 cm 18 – 27 Kurz (German for short) Ka band 1.11 cm – 7.5 mm 27 – 40 Kurz-above V band 7.5 mm – 4 mm 40 – 75 W band 4 mm – 2.73 mm 75 – 110 As W follows V in the alphabet mm 2.73 mm – 1 mm 110 – 300 Millimetre, sometimes called the G band These are the bandings defined by the IEEE but some applications and industries use different nomenclature and different frequency groupings. -
Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Properties of Ka/Q Band Earth-Space Radio Channel Across Europe Using Alphasat Aldo Paraboni
Received: 28 February 2018 Revised: 19 April 2019 Accepted: 27 April 2019 DOI: 10.1002/sat.1313 SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER Assessment of spatial and temporal properties of Ka/Q band earth‐space radio channel across Europe using Alphasat Aldo Paraboni payload Spiros Ventouras1 | Antonio Martellucci11 | Richard Reeves1 | Emal Rumi1 | Fernando P. Fontan2 | Fernando Machado2 | Vicente Pastoriza2 | Armando Rocha3 | Susana Mota3 | Flavio Jorge3 | Athanasios D. Panagopoulos4 | Apostolos Z. Papafragkakis4 | Charilaos I. Kourogiorgas4 | Ondrej Fiser5 | Viktor Pek5 | Petr Pesice5 | Martin Grabner6 | Andrej Vilhar7 | Arsim Kelmendi7 | Andrej Hrovat7 | Danielle Vanhoenacker‐Janvier8 | Laurent Quibus8 | George Goussetis9 | Alexios Costouri9 | James Nessel10 1 STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, RAL Space, Oxford, UK Summary 2 Escola de Enxeñaría de Telecomunicación, The upcoming migration of satellite services to higher bands, namely, the Ka‐ and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Q/V‐bands, offers many advantages in terms of bandwidth and system capacity. 3 Dep. Elect. Telec. e Informática, Instituto de However, it poses challenges as propagation effects introduced by the various atmo- Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal 4 School of Electrical and Computer spheric phenomena are particularly pronounced in these bands and can become a Engineering, National Technical University of serious constraint in terms of system reliability and performance. This paper presents Athens, Athens, Greece the goals, organisation, and preliminary results of an ongoing large‐scale European 5 Meteorological Department, Institute of Atmospheric Physics ASCR, Prague, Czech coordinated propagation campaign using the Alphasat Aldo Paraboni Ka/Q band sig- Republic nal payload on satellite, performed by a wide scientific consortium in the framework 6 TESTCOM, Czech Metrology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic of a European Space Agency (ESA) project. -
The Space Mission at Kwajalein
THE SPACE MISSION AT KWAJALEIN The Space Mission at Kwajalein Timothy D. Hall, Gary F. Duff, and Linda J. Maciel The United States has leveraged the Reagan The Reagan Test Site (RTS), located on Kwajalein Atoll in the central western Test Site’s suite of instrumentation radars and » Pacific, has been a missile testing facility its unique location on the Kwajalein Atoll to for the United States government since the enhance space surveillance and to conduct early 1960s. Lincoln Laboratory has provided technical space launches. Lincoln Laboratory’s technical leadership for RTS from the very beginning, with Labo- ratory staff serving assignments there continuously since leadership at the site and its connection to May 1962 [1]. Over the past few decades, the RTS suite the greater Department of Defense space of instrumentation radars has contributed significantly to community have been instrumental in the U.S. space surveillance and space launch activities. The space-object identification (SOI) enterprise success of programs to detect space launches, was motivated by early data collected with the Advanced to catalog deep-space objects, and to provide Research Projects Agency (ARPA)-Lincoln C-band exquisite radar imagery of satellites. Observables Radar (ALCOR), the first high-power, wide- band radar. Today, RTS sensors continue to provide radar imagery of satellites to the intelligence community. Since the early 1980s, RTS radars have provided critical data on the early phases of space launches out of Asia. RTS also supports the Space Surveillance Network’s (SSN) catalog-maintenance mission with radar data on high-priority near-Earth satellites and deep-space satellites, including geosynchronous satellites that are not visible from the other two deep-space radar sites, the Millstone Hill radar in Westford, Massachusetts, and Globus II in Norway.