Table 3. American Indian Languages Spoken at Home by American Indian Persons 5 Years and Over in Households: 1990

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Table 3. American Indian Languages Spoken at Home by American Indian Persons 5 Years and Over in Households: 1990 Table 3. American Indian Languages Spoken at Home by American Indian Persons 5 Years and Over in Households: 1990 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census Release date: August 1995 (Data are estimates based on a sample) United States United Region Region States Northeast American Indian languages............... 281,990 5,195 Algonquian languages......................... 12,887 1,106 Athapascan-Eyak languages.................... 157,694 135 Caddoan languages............................ 354 - Central and South American Indian languages.. 431 21 Haida........................................ 110 - Hokan languages.............................. 2,430 9 Iroquoian languages.......................... 12,046 2,290 Keres........................................ 8,346 23 Muskogean languages.......................... 13,772 33 Penutian languages........................... 8,190 - Siouan languages............................. 19,683 85 Tanoan languages............................. 8,255 - Tlingit...................................... 1,088 - Tonkawa...................................... 3 - Uto-Aztecan languages........................ 23,493 22 Wakashan and Salish languages................ 1,105 - Yuchi........................................ 65 - Yuki......................................... - - Unspecified American Indian languages........ 12,038 1,471 Table 3. American Indian Languages Spoken at Home by American Indian Persons 5 Years and Over in Households: 1990--Con. (Data are estimates based on a sample) United States Region--Con. Region Midwest South American Indian languages............... 23,618 29,466 Algonquian languages......................... 6,125 1,682 Athapascan-Eyak languages.................... 565 945 Caddoan languages............................ 74 228 Central and South American Indian languages.. 59 300 Haida........................................ - - Hokan languages.............................. - 6 Iroquoian languages.......................... 882 8,177 Keres........................................ 6 56 Muskogean languages.......................... 231 13,078 Penutian languages........................... 7 58 Siouan languages............................. 12,603 681 Tanoan languages............................. 82 849 Tlingit...................................... - - Tonkawa...................................... - 3 Uto-Aztecan languages........................ 153 670 Wakashan and Salish languages................ - - Yuchi........................................ - 65 Yuki......................................... - - Unspecified American Indian languages........ 2,831 2,668 Table 3. American Indian Languages Spoken at Home by American Indian Persons 5 Years and Over in Households: 1990--Con. (Data are estimates based on a sample) United States Region--Con. Region West American Indian languages............... 223,711 Algonquian languages......................... 3,974 Athapascan-Eyak languages.................... 156,049 Caddoan languages............................ 52 Central and South American Indian languages.. 51 Haida........................................ 110 Hokan languages.............................. 2,415 Iroquoian languages.......................... 697 Keres........................................ 8,261 Muskogean languages.......................... 430 Penutian languages........................... 8,125 Siouan languages............................. 6,314 Tanoan languages............................. 7,324 Tlingit...................................... 1,088 Tonkawa...................................... - Uto-Aztecan languages........................ 22,648 Wakashan and Salish languages................ 1,105 Yuchi........................................ - Yuki......................................... - Unspecified American Indian languages........ 5,068 NOTE: The American Indian languages shown above are the major languages. More detailed languages are available from the report mentioned below. - Represents or rounds to zero. Source: Racial Statistics Branch Population Division Bureau of Census Washington, DC 20233 The data in this table are consistent with those published in 1990 CP-3-7, 1990 Census of Population, "Characteristics of American Indians by Tribe and Language," issued July 1994. The report is available from the Government Printing Office (GPO) for $51.00. The GPO stock number for the report is 003-024-08700-6. The GPO telephone number is (202) 512-1800. The Subject Summary Tape File (SSTF) 13, "Characteristics of American Indians by Tribe and Language," can be ordered from the Census Bureau's Customer Service Office on (301) 763-INFO(4636) or FAX (301) 457-3842. Also, a CD-ROM presenting these data will be available from the Customer Services Office in Summer 1995..
Recommended publications
  • Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1812–1880) Anthony Grant
    Chapter 5 A forgotten figure in Siouan and Caddoan linguistics: Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1812–1880) Anthony Grant In the light of Bob Rankin’s Dhegiha work, this paper examines some of the earliest recorded material on Kanza and Osage, collected and transcribed by the natural- ist Samuel Stehman Haldeman in an alphabet of his own devising (Haldeman 1859; 1860). Although his transcriptions fail to capture many crucial phonetic and phone- mic distinctions, they are useful as records of earlier and more conservative forms of these languages. 1 Introduction Robert Rankin’s examinations of earlier sources on Native American languages which have rarely been the subject of fuller description impel us to look at the work of other early collectors of data on Siouan and Caddoan languages. We may mention for instance his paper on Max von Wied’s (1839–1841) brief vocabulary of Kaw, Kanza or Kansa (Rankin 1994), Nor should we overlook his splendid sal- vage work on Kanza (the name I will use henceforth in this paper) and Quapaw, and his pivotal role in the organization of the Siouan-Caddoan Conferences. One researcher is almost overlooked nowadays (despite a memoir by Lesley 1886 which hymns his activities while getting its dedicatee’s name wrong). The naturalist, sawmill manager and avocational linguist Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1812–1880) was mostly known to the linguists in the 19th century for his ‘Ana- lytic Orthography’ (Haldeman 1859, also produced in book form as Haldeman 1860). This was a prizewinning attempt to construct a universal phonetic alpha- bet, based on Latin letters (and following some precepts of classical Ciceronian Latin pronunciation, for instance <C> for /k/ and <V> for /w/) but enhanced with some created symbols.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Caddo Stories—7Th Grade
    Caddo Traditional Stories Personal Thoughts: My experience this past summer at the workshop and camping down the road at Mission Tejas State Park reinvigorated a personal connection to history. Most authors of history have been men. So, the word history, is simply restated as his story. The collection of oral stories was a tremendous task for early scholars. Winners of conflicts were often the ones to write down the tales of soldiers and politicians alike. Tales of everyday life were equally complex as the tales of battle. With Caddo stories, the main characters were often based on animals. So, a Caddo story can be a historical narrative featuring the environment, culture, and time period. The sounds of nighttime crawlers of the 21st century are the same sounds heard by the Caddo of Caddo Mounds State Historic Site. The nighttime sky above the forests of pine, pecan, and oak is the same as back then. The past is all around us, we just have to take it in. About This Lesson General Citation This lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration files for Caddo Mounds State Historic Site (also known as the George C. Davis site) and materials prepared by the Texas Historical Commission. It was written by Kathy Lathen, a Texas educator with over a decade of classroom instructional experience. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into classrooms across the country. Where is fits into Curriculum Topics and Time Period: This lesson could be incorporated with the Texas history unit on the historical era, Natural Texas and Its People (Prehistory to 1528).
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Robert Rankin Papers, 1886, 1914, 1956-2011
    Guide to the Robert Rankin papers, 1886, 1914, 1956-2011 Katie Duvall Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Wenner- Gren Foundation. Digitization and preparation of sound recordings for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund. November 2016 National Anthropological Archives Museum Support Center 4210 Silver Hill Road Suitland, Maryland 20746 [email protected] http://www.anthropology.si.edu/naa/ Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 3 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical Note............................................................................................................. 2 Selected Bibliography...................................................................................................... 3 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 5 Series 1: Quapaw, 1972-1991, undated.................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • On Numeral Complexity in Hunter-Gatherer Languages
    On numeral complexity in hunter-gatherer languages PATIENCE EPPS, CLAIRE BOWERN, CYNTHIA A. HANSEN, JANE H. HILL, and JASON ZENTZ Abstract Numerals vary extensively across the world’s languages, ranging from no pre- cise numeral terms to practically infinite limits. Particularly of interest is the category of “small” or low-limit numeral systems; these are often associated with hunter-gatherer groups, but this connection has not yet been demonstrated by a systematic study. Here we present the results of a wide-scale survey of hunter-gatherer numerals. We compare these to agriculturalist languages in the same regions, and consider them against the broader typological backdrop of contemporary numeral systems in the world’s languages. We find that cor- relations with subsistence pattern are relatively weak, but that numeral trends are clearly areal. Keywords: borrowing, hunter-gatherers, linguistic area, number systems, nu- merals 1. Introduction Numerals are intriguing as a linguistic category: they are lexical elements on the one hand, but on the other they are effectively grammatical in that they may involve a generative system to derive higher values, and they interact with grammatical systems of quantification. Numeral systems are particularly note- worthy for their considerable crosslinguistic variation, such that languages may range from having no precise numeral terms at all to having systems whose limits are practically infinite. As Andersen (2005: 26) points out, numerals are thus a “liminal” linguistic category that is subject to cultural elaboration. Recent work has called attention to this variation among numeral systems, particularly with reference to systems having very low limits (for example, see Evans & Levinson 2009, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
    Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of the World--Native America
    REPOR TRESUMES ED 010 352 46 LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD-NATIVE AMERICA FASCICLE ONE. BY- VOEGELIN, C. F. VOEGELIN, FLORENCE N. INDIANA UNIV., BLOOMINGTON REPORT NUMBER NDEA-VI-63-5 PUB DATE JUN64 CONTRACT MC-SAE-9486 EDRS PRICENF-$0.27 HC-C6.20 155P. ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS, 6(6)/1-149, JUNE 1964 DESCRIPTORS- *AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES, *LANGUAGES, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA, ARCHIVES OF LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD THE NATIVE LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS OF THE NEW WORLD"ARE DISCUSSED.PROVIDED ARE COMPREHENSIVE LISTINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LANGUAGES OF AMERICAN INDIANSNORTH OF MEXICO ANDOF THOSE ABORIGINAL TO LATIN AMERICA..(THIS REPOR4 IS PART OF A SEkIES, ED 010 350 TO ED 010 367.)(JK) $. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION nib Office ofEduc.442n MD WELNicitt weenment Lasbeenreproduced a l l e a l O exactly r o n o odianeting es receivromed f the Sabi donot rfrocestarity it. Pondsof viewor position raimentofficial opinions or pritcy. Offkce ofEducation rithrppologicalLinguistics Volume 6 Number 6 ,Tune 1964 LANGUAGES OF TEM'WORLD: NATIVE AMER/CAFASCICLEN. A Publication of this ARC IVES OF LANGUAGESor 111-E w oRLD Anthropology Doparignont Indiana, University ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS is designed primarily, butnot exclusively, for the immediate publication of data-oriented papers for which attestation is available in the form oftape recordings on deposit in the Archives of Languages of the World. This does not imply that contributors will bere- stricted to scholars working in the Archives at Indiana University; in fact,one motivation for the publication
    [Show full text]
  • Siouan and Caddoan Languages Conference
    Proceedings of the 39th Siouan and Caddoan Languages Conference Held at Northeastern State University Broken Arrow, Oklahoma May 30­31, 2019 Editors Ryan M. Kasak Samiron Dutta Justin T. McBride Kasak, Ryan M., Samiron Dutta & Justin T. McBride (eds.). 2020. Proceedings of the 39th Siouan and Caddoan Languages Conference. Broken Arrow, OK: Northeastern State Univeristy Depart­ ment of Languages and Literature. This title can be downloaded at: http://www.siouan.org/proceedings/sclc39/ © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISSN: 2641­9904 (digital) Typesetting: Ryan Kasak Proofreading: Ryan Kasak, Justin T. McBride, & Samiron Dutta Font: Times New Roman Typesetting software: XƎLATEX&BIBTEX First printing, 7/31/2020 Contents Acknowledgments ....................................... iii Preface ............................................. v Another Catawba lexicon Samiron Dutta & David Kaufman ............................. 1 Considerations for the continuation of a Kansa corpus Justin T. McBride ...................................... 39 Functions of the prefix wa­ in Umoⁿhoⁿ Julie Marsault ........................................ 53 More Jiwere­Baxoje fantastic creatures from the Dark Side Jill D. Greer ......................................... 63 Unaccusativity in Crow Edwin Ko .......................................... 83 About the Proceedings ..................................... 103 i Acknowledgments Many people helped to make SCLC 39 a success,
    [Show full text]
  • Inverse Languages
    Lingua 88 (1992) 227-261. North-Holland 227 Inverse languages M. H. Klaiman* Department of English and Linguistics, Indiana-Purdue University. Ft. Wayne, IN 46805 USA Received September 1991; revised version May 1992 Inverseness may be broadly characterized as a variety of structural organization in which a transitive, non-reflexive predication is specially marked in case a first or second person referent corresponds to a nonsubject logical role. This work seeks to bring greater clarity to the understanding of inverse languages by furnishing evidence for three points. First, an inverse system is to be distinguished from the inverse. language type. Individual systems differ in degree of adherence to this type, depending largely upon their conformity to head-marking (Nichols 1986). Secondly, there is no single formal behavior or set of formal behaviors found in every inverse language. For instance, not every inverse language evinces verbal direction markers or theme signs signaling the opposition of direct and inverse voices of the verb. The conformity of a language to the inverse type does not depend on its exhibiting this, or indeed, any other overt property. Rather, and thirdly, the inverse type appears to arise from a unique variety of structural organization whose primitives reside in ontological statuses (as opposed to grammatical or thematic relations). These ontological-level primitives are explained, and evidence for their grammatical reality is cited from over a half dozen genetically unrelated inverse languages. 1. Introduction A variety of structural organization called inverse (or direct-inverse) has been attributed to many languages. Comprehensive descriptions have been furnished for various Algonquian languages, where inverse behavior is well * I am indebted to Eloise Jelinek, Paul Kroskrity, Doris Payne, Carol Rosen, and Chad Thompson for furnishing prepublication copies of their research.
    [Show full text]
  • Noun Class and Number in Kiowa-Tanoan: Comparative-Historical Research and Respecting Speakers’ Rights in Fieldwork1
    Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 2 (May 2010): Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas, ed. by Andrea L. Berez, Jean Mulder, and Daisy Rosenblum, pp.57-89 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ 4 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4451 Noun class and number in Kiowa-Tanoan: Comparative-historical research and respecting speakers’ rights in fieldwork1 Logan Sutton University of New Mexico The Kiowa-Tanoan family is known to linguists by two characteristic features: a) a pack- age of complex morphosyntactic structures that includes a typologically marked noun class and number marking system and b) the paucity of information available on the Tanoan languages due to cultural ideologies of secrecy. This paper explores both of these issues. It attempts to reconstruct the historical noun class-number system based on the diverging, yet obviously related, morphosemantic patterns found in each of the modern languages, a study that would be greatly benefited by fieldwork and the input of native speakers. At the same time, it reviews the language situation among the Kiowa-Tanoan-speaking com- munities and what some of the difficulties are in doing this kind of fieldwork in the Pueblo Southwest, touching on the myriad complex issues involving the control of information and the speech communities’ rights over their own languages as well as the outside lin- guist’s role in such a situation. The paper underscores these points by using only language data examples from previous field research that are already available to the public so as not to compromise native speakers’ sensitivity to new research on their languages.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lirias This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Lingua 121 (2011) 533–547 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Lingua journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/lingua Differential Agent Marking and animacy Stefanie Fauconnier * University of Leuven, Department of Linguistics, Blijde-Inkomststraat 21, PO Box 3308, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper investigates the cross-linguistic effects of animacy on overt Agent marking on Received 2 February 2010 the basis of a 200-language sample. It is shown that animacy-driven Differential Agent Received in revised form 15 October 2010 Marking (DAM), with different case markers for animate and inanimate Agents, is Accepted 15 October 2010 typologically rather uncommon. In order to account for this type of DAM and its scarcity, it Available online 8 December 2010 is argued that a related phenomenon needs to be taken into consideration: in a considerable number of languages, inanimates cannot be construed as the Agent of a Keywords: Linguistic typology transitive clause.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Paul V. Kroskrity
    CURRICULUM VITAE Paul V. Kroskrity Phone: (310) 825-2055—Department Department of Anthropology 825-6237--Office Haines Hall 341 399-4411--Home University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1553 Education B. A. Columbia College, Columbia University, 1971, Majors: Oriental Studies and Comparative Literature. M. A. Indiana University, 1976, Anthropology. Ph.D. Indiana University, 1977, Major Field: Anthropology, Minor Field: Linguistics. Dissertation: "Aspects of Arizona Tewa Language Structure and Language Use". Previous Experience Teaching Professor, University of California Los Angeles, July 2000-present Associate Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, July 1985--June 2000. Assistant Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, July 1978--June 1985. Administration Chair, Interdepartmental Program in American Indian Studies, l986-2006. 2010-Present. Program Development of Graduate and Undergraduate Programs; Creation of Partnerships with Professional Schools (Law, Public Health); Faculty Recruitment; Maintaining Degree Programs; Locating Funding for student support. Research. Linguistic Anthropological, Cultural, and Ethnohistorical Research in Tewa Village, First Mesa Hopi Reservation (Northeastern Arizona). Summers 1973-1984, l986-7, 1989, 1991-3, 2007, 2011-4. (Approximately 35 months of composite research). Areal-linguistic research on Arizona Tewa and Navajo conducted in Tewa Village and Klagetoh, Arizona. Summer 1977. Linguistic Anthropological research on Western Mono in the central California communities of North Fork, Auberry, and Sycamore. Lexicographical Research designed to produce both practical language materials and descriptive linguistic studies. 1981-1986, 1992-present. Documentation and Analysis of Western Mono Traditional Narratives, and their role in language renewal efforts, 1991-2001. Publications-Books-CD-ROMs 1984. With Rosalie Bethel (Western Mono), Christopher Loether, and Gregory A.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of the World
    CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD COORDINATING EDITOR KEITH BROWN University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK CO-EDITOR SARAH OGILVIE University of Oxford Oxford, UK Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION Note that italicized titles are included for classification purposes only and do not cross-refer to articles. Introduction Eastern List of Abbreviations Akkadian Classification of Languages Southern Ethiopian Semitic Languages Areal Linguistics Amharic Africa as a Linguistic Area Ga'sz Balkans as a Linguistic Area Tigrinya Ethiopia as a Linguistic Area Europe as a Linguistic Area Altaic Languages South Asia as a Linguistic Area Southeast Asia as a Linguistic Area Mongolic Languages Tungusic Languages Evenki Afroasiatic Languages Turkic Languages Ancient Egyptian and Coptic Azerbaijanian Berber Languages Bashkir Chadic Languages Chuvash Hausa Kazakh Cushitic Languages Kirghiz Highland East Cushitic Languages Tatar Oromo Turkish Somali Turkmen Omotic Languages Uyghur Wolaitta Uzbek Semitic Languages Yakut Eblaite Central Arabic Australian Languages Arabic Languages, Varation in Australia: Language Situation Aramaic and Syriac Mirndi Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Wambaya Hebrew, Israeli Pama-Nyungan Jewish languages Arrernte Maltese Gamilaraay Phoenician Guugu Yimithirr Syriac Jiwarli Ugaritic Kalkutungu xii Subject Classification Kaytetye Caucasian Languages Morrobalama Abkhaz Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Georgian Warlpiri Lak Southern Daly
    [Show full text]