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Les Stratégies D'authenticité Et Les Politiques

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Les Stratégies D'authenticité Et Les Politiques Les stratégies d’authenticité et les politiques de patrimoine culturel immatériel : une étude à partir de deux cas Luciana de Araujo Aguiar To cite this version: Luciana de Araujo Aguiar. Les stratégies d’authenticité et les politiques de patrimoine culturel im- matériel : une étude à partir de deux cas. Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie. Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017MON30058. tel-01794191 HAL Id: tel-01794191 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01794191 Submitted on 17 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Délivré par l’ UNIVERSITÉ PAUL VALERY-MONTPELLIER 3 Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale Territoire, Temps, Société et Développement (ED 60) Et de l’unité de recherche LERSEM, Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherches en Sociologie et en Ethnologie de Montpellier – CERCE (EA 4584) Spécialité : ETHNOLOGIE Présentée par Luciana DE ARAUJO AGUIAR LES STRATÉGIES D’AUTHENTICITÉ ET LES POLITIQUES DE PATRIMOINE CULTUREL IMMATÉRIEL : UNE ÉTUDE À PARTIR DE DEUX CAS Soutenue le 11 décembre 2017 devant le jury composé de Alain BABADZAN, Pr d’ethnologie, Université Paul Valéry - Directeur de thèse Montpellier III, membre de l’Institut universitaire de Franc e Tiphaine BATHELEMY de SAIZIEU, Pr de sociologie et Présidente du Jury d’anthropologie sociale, Université de Picardie Jules -Verne Stefania CAPONE, Directrice de recherches CNRS, Centre Rapporteur d'études en sciences sociales du religieux Carlos SANDRONI, Pr d'ethnomusicologie et Examinateur d'anthropologie, Université Fédérale de Pernambouc, Recife, Brésil Jean-François SIMON, Pr émerite d'ethnologie, Rapporteur Université de Brest Les stratégies d’authenticité et les politiques de patrimoine culturel immatériel : une étude à partir de deux cas Résumé Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre les stratégies de construction d’authenticité et les politiques de patrimoine culturel immatériel à partir de l’étude de deux pratiques culturelles reconnues actuellement comme patrimoine culturel immatériel : le fest -noz, présente dans les villes et campagnes de la région Bretagne, en France ; et le jongo, présente au sein des villes installées dans la vallée du fleuve Paraíba do Sul, dans la région Sudeste du Brésil. La démarche comparative présentée dans cette thèse résulte d’une double étude de cas, d’une part les rapports entre le f est-noz et l’authenticité en Bretagne, et d’autre part le jongo et l’authenticité afro -brésilienne. La thèse est structurée en trois parties. La première partie s’attache à comprendre le fest -noz et les questions de l’authenticité en Bretagne ; la deuxième partie met en lumière le jongo et la quête de l’authenticité afro -brésilienne ; la troisième partie est une analyse comparative des deux pratiques mais elle est également conclusive. Dans l’écriture ethnographique, les données de terrain ont été traitées dans une perspective bourdieusiennne. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des documents institutionnels - tels que les dossiers de patrimonialisation du fest-noz et du jongo, et les documents relatifs à la législation de l’UNESCO et du PCI en France et au Brésil – fût d’une importance cruciale. En outre, les entretiens avec les responsables des politiques de sauvegarde du fest-noz et du jongo et des politiques culturelles dans le domaine du PCI au Brésil et en France, m’ont permis d’affiner et de complexifier l’analyse des documents institutionnels. Cette thèse repose encore sur des données historiques contextuelles qui ont contribué à une meilleure compréhension des pratiques culturelles en question. Mots-clés : fest-noz ; jongo ; patrimoine culturel immatériel ; authenticité Authenticity strategies and intangible cultural heritage policies: a study based on two cases Summary This thesis aims to understand the strategies (used in the representation of authenticity and the policies of intangible cultural heritage, based on the study of two cultural practices currently recognized as instances of intangible cultural heritage: fest -noz, present in the cities and countryside of Brittany, France; and jongo, present in the cities of the Paraíba do Sul river valley, located in the southeast region of Brazil. The comparative approach results from a double case study; on the one hand, the relations between fest -noz and authenticity in Brittany, and on the other hand, jongo and Afro -Brazilian authenticity. The thesis addresses three principle questions. First of all, an effort to understand fest -noz and how it shapes authenticity in Brittany; secondly, how jongo impacts the quest for Afro-Brazilian authenticity; and finally, a comparative analysis into both practices and the conclusions drawn from this approach. The field data collected from ethnographic writing archives were treated from a Bourdieu perspective. In addition, the analysis of institutional documents, including the heritage files of both fest -noz and jongo, and the documents relating to UNESCO and ICP legislation in France and Brazil, was of crucial importance. Furthermore, interviews with policy makers for the safeguarding of fest -noz and jongo and for cultural policies in the field of ICH in Brazil and France enabled a more nuanced elaboration of institutional documents. This thesis relies on contextual historical data that has contributed to a better understanding of the cultural practices in question. Keywords : fest-noz ; jongo ; intangible cultural heritage ; authenticity. UNIVERSITÉ PAUL VALERY – MONTPELLIER 3 ÉCOLE DOCTORALE : Territoire, Temps, Société et Développement (ED 60) Université Paul Valery – Montpellier III – Site Saint-Charles, Service des Études et Écoles Doctorales/ DRED, 34199, MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5 DISCIPLINE : Ethnologie Remerciements J’aimerais tout d’abord remercier mon directeur de thèse, Alain Babadzan, pour m’avoir appris à être plus autonome tout au long de ce travail de recherche. Sans son soutien, l’itinéraire de recherche que demande cette thèse n’aurait peut -être pas abouti. Ce travail n’aurait pas été possible sans le soutien de la CAPES (Coordination de Perfectionnement du Personnel de Niveau Supérieur/Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ) et du Ministère de l’Éducation brésilien qui m’ont permis, grâce à une bourse de recherche, de me consacrer sereinement à l’élaboration de ma thèse. J’aimerais évoquer l’appui institutionnel du LERSEM - Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherches en Sociologie et en Ethnologie de Montpellier (EA 4584) dont cette recherche a pu bénéficier. J’adresse aussi mes remerciements aux membres du LERSEM, spécialement Arnaud Chandivert, Claire Mitatre, Véronique Roussely, Jennifer Yeghicheyan, Marion Lièvre, Caroline Wallis et Fanette Picchio dont les rencontres ont stimulé ma réflexion. Je remercie également les membres du Laboratoire d’Analyse Symbolique de l’Université Fédérale de Rio de Janeiro qui m’ont fourni des indications précieuses pour avancer dans cette recherche. Je tiens tout particulièrement à remercier à Maria Laura Cavalcanti pour le soutien institutionnel avec la CAPES et pour les conseils toujours très pertinents. Je suis tout particulièrement gré à Stefania Capone, Carlos Sandroni, Jean-François Simon et Tiphaine Barthelemy de Saizieu pour leurs lectures et leurs très précieuses remarques. J’adresse aussi mes remerciements à Maïa Guillot pour sa relecture et ses conseils toujours avisées. Il est ensuite nécessaire de remercier les innombrables personnes que j’ai pu rencontrer sur le terrain durant cette recherche et qui m’ont permis de mieux comprendre l’univers du jongo et du fest-noz, et dont certaines sont devenues des amis. Sans elles, je n’aurais jamais pu réaliser ce travail. Je tiens à remercier aussi les responsables des politiques culturelles dans le domaine du PCI au Brésil et en France qui m’ont aidé à faire avancer ma réflexion. Je souhaiterais exprimer ma gratitude à Annette Bo rdage Bessa et à l’Alliance Française de Nova Friburgo pour m’avoir donné envie d’étudier en France. Mes remerciements vont aussi à ma famille et mes amis qui m’ont permis de ne jamais dévier de mon objectif final. Ce travail n’aurait pu être mené à bien sans le soutien de mes parents Roberto et Cleia et de ma sœur Mariana et leurs encouragements. Ces remerciements vont aussi en direction de Vander, Andrea, Yoann, Nidhi, Miriam, Sandrine, Mélanie, Doli, Bárbara, Michele, Maíra, Paula et Fernanda pour le soutient dans les moments de doutes. Enfin, je remercie mon cher compagnon Stéphane Lejeune pour son soutien quotidien indéfectible et ses encouragements. Notre couple a grandi en même temps que mon projet scientifique, le premier servant de socle solide à l'épanouissement du second. 1 2 Liste d’Acronymes BCD - Bretagne Culture Diversité. BCR- Biens Culturels Enregistrés ( Bens Culturais Registrados ) CDFB- Campagne de la Défense du Folklore brésilien ( Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro ) CF- Constitution Fédérale ( Constituição Federal ) CFF- Commission Fluminense du Folklore ( Comissão Fluminense de Folclore ) CFPCI- Centre Français du Patrimoine Culturel Immatériel
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