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Lectures on the Will to Know Also in This Series: S OCIETY MUST BE DEFENDED (North America & Canada) a BNORMAL (North America & Canada)

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Lectures on the Will to Know Also in This Series: S OCIETY MUST BE DEFENDED (North America & Canada) a BNORMAL (North America & Canada) Lectures on the Will to Know Also in this series: S OCIETY MUST BE DEFENDED (North America & Canada) A BNORMAL (North America & Canada) H ERMENEUTICS OF THE SUBJECT (North America & Canada) P SYCHIATRIC POWER S ECURITY, TERRITORY, POPULATION T HE BIRTH OF BIOPOLITICS T HE GOVERNMENT OF SELF AND OTHERS T HE COURAGE OF TRUTH Forthcoming in this series: P ENAL THEORIES AND INSTITUTIONS T HE PUNITIVE SOCIETY O N THE GOVERNMENT OF THE LIVING S UBJECTIVITY AND TRUTH M ICHEL FOUCAULT Lectures on the Will to Know L ECTURES AT THE COLL È GE DE FRANCE 1970–1971 and Oedipal Knowledge Edited by Daniel Defert General Editors: Fran ç ois Ewald and Alessandro Fontana English Series Editor: Arnold I. Davidson T RANSLATED BY G RAHAM B URCHELL This book is supported by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as part of the Burgess programme run by the Cultural Department of the French Embassy in London. (www.frenchbooknews.com) LECTURES ON THE WILL TO KNOW © É ditions du Seuil/Gallimard 2011, edition established under the direction of Fran ç ois Ewald and Alessandro Fontana, by Daniel Defert Translation © Graham Burchell, 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-4039-8656-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identifi ed as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-4039-8657-3 ISBN 978-1-137-04486-0 (eBook) DOI 10.105 7/9781137044860 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 CONTENTS Foreword: Fran ç ois Ewald and Alessandro Fontana ix Translator’s Note xiv one 9 D ECEMBER 1970 1 Shift of the theme of knowledge ( savoir ) towards that of truth. Elision of the desire to know in the history of philosophy since Internal and ف .Aristotle. Nietzsche restores that exteriority external reading of Book A of the Metaphysics . The Aristotelian theory of knowledge excludes the transgressive knowledge of Greek tragedy, sophistic knowledge, and Platonic recollection. Aristotelian curiosity and will to power: two morphologies of ف knowledge. two 16 DECEMBER 1970 22 ف .For an analysis of the de-implication of knowledge and truth Obscure primacy of the truth in Aristotle in which desire, truth, and knowledge form a theoretical structure. Spinoza, Kant, and Nietzsche Freeing oneself from the “old ف .seek to disrupt this systematicity Nietzsche gets rid ف .Chinaman” of K ö nigsberg, but killing Spinoza of the affiliation of truth and knowledge. three 6 J ANUARY 1971 31 History ف .The Sophists: their appearance and their exclusion of philosophy in its relations to the truth according to Aristotle. Philosophical discourse cannot have the same status as poetic The historical mode of existence of philosophy set for ف .discourse The existence of philosophy made possible ف .centuries by Aristotle vi contents The Sophist as figure. Sophism ف .by the exclusion of the Sophists .Sophistics manipulates the materiality of words ف .as technique The different roles of Plato and Aristotle in the exclusion of the ف Sophists. four 1 3 J ANUARY 1971 55 How to do the history of ف .The sophism and true discourse ف .Logical versus sophistical manipulation ف .apophantic discourse Materiality of the statement, materiality of the proposition. Roussel, Plato excludes the figure of ف .Brisset, Wolfson, today’s sophists The ف .the Sophist, Aristotle excludes the technique of the sophism sophism and the relation of discourse to the speaking subject. five 2 7 J ANUARY 1971 71 Discourses whose function in Greek society comes from being linked Examination ف .to the truth. Judicial discourses, poetic discourses ف .of a late document, on the threshold of Hellenistic civilization Comparison with the Iliad : a quasi-judicial Homeric dispute. A Sovereignty of the judge and wild ف .system of four confrontations ’A Homeric judgment, or the famous scene of “Achilles ف .sovereignty shield.” six 3 F EBRUARY 1971 83 Characterization of words of truth in Homer and judicial ف .Hesiod ف .Greek ritual ordeal and Christian Inquisition ف .discourse Hesiod bard of krinein ف .Pleasure and test of truth in masochism Dikaion and ف .against the dikazein of judges-kings, eaters of gifts Extension of krinein into the Greek juridical ف .dik ē in Hesiod Draco’s legislation ف .space and new type of assertion of the truth .Dikaion and order of the world ف .and reparation seven 1 0 F EBRUARY 1971 101 Distribution of the word of truth according to dikazein and krinein . .Appearance of a Hesiodic dikaion as demand for a just order ف From ف .Role of the neighbor in the game of justice and injustice ف Contribution of Assyrian ف .( ordeal truth to truth-knowledge ( savoir and Hittite forms of knowledge. Their transformation in Greece. Contents vii eight 1 7 F EBRUARY 1971 116 Tyranny and money: two ف .(Hesiodic dikaion (continuation The Greek transformation: displacement ف .borrowings from the East of the truth from ordeal to knowledge; movement of knowledge from Recurrence of two oneiric ف .the domain of power to that of justice Agrarian crisis and political ف .figures: Saint Anthony and Faust Hoplites and ف .transformations in the seventh and sixth centuries Homeric truth-challenge and Eastern ف .peasants. Craft industry knowledge-power transformed into truth-knowledge . nine 2 4 F EBRUARY 1971 133 The ف ?The institution of money. Money or different kinds of money three functions of Greek currency: metathesis of power, simulacrum, . Money as establishment of diakaion kai al ē th ē s ف .social regulation ten 3 M ARCH 1971 149 Nomos . Institution contemporary with the written law and money Written law and enunciative ritual ف .( nomos and nomisma ) The four supports of nomos . Corinthian ف .( nomos and thesmos ) money and Athenian nomos . Hesiodic eunomia and Solonic Economics and politics. The City-State: an absolutely ف . eunomia Return to the ف .new notion. Caesura between economics and politics simulacrum, money, law. What is a nomos pronounced by no one? eleven 1 0 M ARCH 1971 167 ف .The pure and the impure: Homeric ablution as rite of passage Reversal of the status of defilement in the seventh and sixth centuries. Prohibition as ف .Nomos, money, and new religious practices ف Democratization and ف .democratic substitute for expensive sacrifice .Criminality and will to know ف .immortality twelve 1 7 M ARCH 1971 183 .The tragedy of Oedipus ف .Crime, purity, truth: a new problematic ,Nomos and purity. Purity, knowledge ف .Emergence of visual testimony What hides ف .Sophocles’ Oedipus versus Freud’s Oedipus ف .power Usefulness of ف ?What is a discursive event ف .the place of the sage Nietzsche. viii contents thirteen L ECTURE ON NIETZSCHE 202 Knowledge ( connaissance ) does not have an origin, but a Nietzsche’s ف .history. Truth too has been invented, but later insouciance in breaking up the implication of knowledge ( savoir ) Subject-object, products and not foundation of ف .and truth Mark, sign, word, logic: instruments and not events ف .knowledge -A knowledge deployed in the space of transgres ف .of knowledge ف .sion. Interplay of mark, word, and will. Knowledge as lie Truth as morality. Is it freedom or violence that connects will and The paradoxes of the will to truth. Illusion, error, lie ف ?truth Aristotle and ف .as categories of distribution of the untrue truth Nietzsche: two paradigms of the will to know . Course summary 224 OEDIPAL KNOWLEDGE 229 In Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus the King , five types of knowledge confront each other and fit together. The mechanism ف .of the sumbolon , or law of halves, governs the confrontation The judicial procedure of inquiry, installed in the sixth and fifth Ignorant ف .centuries, facing traditional divinatory procedure Oedipus is the bearer of the tyrant’s knowledge ( savoir ); Oedipus, blazon of the unconscious or old oriental figure of the -Oedipus the King , or transgres ف ?( expert king ( roi savant sive power-knowledge Course context 262 Index of notions 287 Index of names 292 FOREWORD MICHEL FOUCAULT TAUGHT AT the Collè ge de France from January 1971 until his death in June 1984 (with the exception of 1977 when he took a sabbatical year).
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