Report for the Cheyenne River Range Allotment Management Plan Environmental Analysis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Report for the Cheyenne River Range Allotment Management Plan Environmental Analysis Report for the Cheyenne River Range Allotment Management Plan Environmental Analysis Effects on Paleontological Resources November 18, 2015 Barbara A. Beasley Nebraska National Forests and Grasslands Supervisor’s Office 125 N. Main Street Chadron, NE 69337 (308) 432-0333 Introduction This report discloses the effects of proposed activities to paleontological (fossil) resources within the boundaries of the Cheyenne River Range Allotment Management Plan. The spatial boundary used to evaluate direct and indirect consequences was the plan boundary, since no paleontological resources outside of this area will be affected by proposed project activities. Information and data collected per Special Use Permit reports and paleontological resource inventory survey Passport in Time Project in July 2014 was used to determine the extent of the richness of paleontological resources within in the Cheyenne River Range Allotment Management Plan project area (CRPAMP). Paleontological resources differ from other resources as the fossils are preserved throughout the geological unit in which they are preserved. All geological units in this project area are very fossiliferous. The Paleontology PIT findings reinforced the richness of the fossil resources within the Indian Creek area. The No Action Alternative (Alternative 1) proposes that no management activities take place within the project area. The Action Alternatives (Alternatives 2 and 3) propose various activities in the pastures noted in the Cheyenne River Range Allotment Management Plan. With respect to this project, the alternatives are very similar in the activities proposed. The action alternatives only differ in the placement and construction of several as yet unidentified range improvements. The Determination of Effects presented in this report takes into consideration the effect of the activities proposed in all action alternatives on the paleontological resources. Affected Environment/Existing Condition In order to address paleontological resources the geologic units are discussed as well. The geologic units are listed stratigraphically (oldest to youngest). The northern portion of the project area is underlain by Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale; this unit is marine and ranges in age from 95 to 65 million years ago (mya). This formation is the remainder of the Western Interior Seaway that extended from present Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. There is a hiatus of deposition, while the Black Hills are forced upwards, draining the Western Interior Seaway. Moving south in the project area toward the Badlands National Park north boundary, the Tertiary Chadron Formation forms grayish-green haystack- shaped mounds. This formation is terrestrial (48 to 36 mya) preserving a humid subtropical environment. Located at the very south end of the project, are the Tertiary Brule and Sharps formations (36 to 26 mya). The Brule and Sharps formations form the steep sloped spires seen near Sheep Mountain Table and southern boundary of the CR RAMP. These formations preserve the continuing drying climate and change in biota to accommodate the changing environment. Figure 1. Looking South from the entrance of Indian Creek Proposed Wilderness Area and Cheyenne River RAMP project area. Foreground is Pierre Shale covered by grasses and brush; middle ground is the Chadron Fm., and the steep slopes in the background are the Brule and Sharps formations. Photo by B.A. Beasley. Figure 1, shows the landscape of the CRRAMP project, looking south toward Sheep Mountain Table, located on Badlands National Park. This view alone encompasses over 95 million years of sedimentary deposits and natural history that occurred in this area of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland. Environments changed from a deep marine interior seaway, preserving marine reptiles, turtles, some the size of squashed Volkswagens, fish up to 17 feet long, flying reptiles, invertebrates, sharks, and flying and diving toothed birds. The reptiles are not dinosaurs; present evidence indicates that dinosaurs were terrestrial. Sometime around 65 mya, volcanos erupted along what we know as the Pacific coast. These volcanos belched volcanic ash. Silica (volcanic glass shards) is a major component of volcanic ash. The ash that blanketed the landscape is a paleontologically bitter-sweet situation. The glass shards literally choked the life out of the fauna and flora, causing death; however, it is due to the high silica concentration that has also preserved the Tertiary life. The Black Hills began to raise around 65 mya, as magma from deep below the surface (caused by volcanoes in the west), forced its way upward. Evidence suggests that the Black Hills are still rising, as the area stream and rivers are cutting into their western banks. During this upwards movement, the Western Interior Sea began to drain while deposition of sediments, in western South Dakota halted. This was a 17 mya hiatus of deposition and acceleration of erosion, while the Black Hills reached their current height. The presence of the Black Hills changed the weather and wind patterns. The western volcanoes continued to erupt and volcanic ash continued to rain down on the landscape. After the valleys west of the Black Hills filled with ash; the eruptions continued, falling on the landscape immediately east of the Black Hills, forming the Tertiary geologic units on the Buffalo Gap National Grassland. Tertiary Volcanic Province Both from White River Badlands, Benton et.al, 2015 Generalized Stratigraphic Column of the Indian Creek Allotment and CR CRAMP 30-28 mya 30 mya 34-30 mya 37-34 mya Black Hills Uplift & Erosion 75-69 mya Pierre Shale, late Cretaceous, is a dark gray to black marine shale with stringers of bentonite (decomposed volcanic ash) and layers of nodules that are recognizable over long distances. This formation records the last major transgression of the epicontinental Western Interior Seaway. Fossils include ammonites, snails, clams, crabs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, fish (including sharks), turtles, pterosaurs, and flightless and flying toothed birds are common in the Sharon Springs member, even occasional dinosaur bones have been found. Counties for Nebraska National Forests and Grasslands: In South Dakota: Pennington, Fall River, Shannon, and Jackson counties. (Bryant, Laurie and Secord, Ross, Forest Service Paleontological Resource Broadscale Assessment and Classification, Agreement No. 1102-0002-96-032). Pierre Shale, Western Interior Seaway location during the Late Cretaceous, created the deposits of the Pierre Shale Formation. Archelon, Courtesy of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University extinct giant sea turtle known from fossilized remains found in North American rocks of the Late Cretaceous epoch. Archelon, protected by a shell similar to that found in modern sea turtles, reached a length of about 3.5 m (12 feet). The front feet evolved into powerful structures that could efficiently propel the great bulk of Archelon through the water. Chadron Formation Late Eocene has been mapped in North and South Dakota, and Nebraska. The Ahearn, Crazy Johnson, and Peanut Peak members, named in the Big Badlands of South Dakota, are recognizable only in the area of Indian and Battle Creeks, Pennington Co., SD. Titanotheres (Brontotheres), huge rhinoceros-like animals (eight feet at shoulders) occur and are common in the Chadron Formation (Fm), but had become extinct by the time of the overlying Brule Fm. was deposited. The greyish Chadron Formation was deposited between 34 and 37 million years ago by rivers across a flood plain. Each time the rivers flooded, they deposited a new layer on the plain. Alligator fossils indicate that a lush, subtropical forest covered the land. Most fossils found in this formation are from early mammals like the three-toed horse and the large titanothere. Brontothere Brule Formation Middle-Late Oligocene is primarily pinkish siltstones and claystones, with some greenish channels sandstones. Where is best exposed in Nebraska and South Dakota, the Brule Fm. is divided into a lower Scenic Member, and an upper Poleslide Member. Weathering produces steep, tread-and-riser exposures, which may be nearly vertical in the upper member. The Scenic Member contains abundant nodular concretions and includes the Metamynodon Channels, named for the aquatic rhinoceros found in them. Near the top of the Poleslide Member are the coarse-grained Protoceras Channels, the primary source for these small, horned artiodactyls. Protoceras, an extinct artiodactyl Sharps Formation Late Oligocene, massive pinkish volcaniclastic siltstones and mudstones as much as 350 feet thick. Calcareous concretions are prominent and often contain vertebrate fossils. The Sharps Fm. is distributed in southwestern South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska. The High potential areas includes South Dakota counties include Pennington, Shannon, Washabaugh, Bennett, Jackson, and Todd. Many kinds of vertebrates found in the White River Group persist at least into the lower Sharps Formation. Among those that first appear in the Sharps Fm. are a diminutive sabertooth cat about the size of a bobcat, the last North American primate Ekgmowechashala, hedgehogs, true moles, mountain beavers, and aplodontid rodents. The uncommonly good preservation and relative abundance of vertebrates in the Sharps Fm. make this unit significant. Its position immediately overlying the White River Group makes possible detailed studies of successional faunas between those very well-known geologic units. Ekgmowechashala, “Little
Recommended publications
  • South Dakota to Nebraska
    Geological Society of America Special Paper 325 1998 Lithostratigraphic revision and correlation of the lower part of the White River Group: South Dakota to Nebraska Dennis O. Terry, Jr. Department of Geology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0340 ABSTRACT Lithologic correlations between type areas of the White River Group in Nebraska and South Dakota have resulted in a revised lithostratigraphy for the lower part of the White River Group. The following pedostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units, from oldest to youngest, are newly recognized in northwestern Nebraska and can be correlated with units in the Big Badlands of South Dakota: the Yellow Mounds Pale- osol Equivalent, Interior and Weta Paleosol Equivalents, Chamberlain Pass Forma- tion, and Peanut Peak Member of the Chadron Formation. The term “Interior Paleosol Complex,” used for the brightly colored zone at the base of the White River Group in northwestern Nebraska, is abandoned in favor of a two-part division. The lower part is related to the Yellow Mounds Paleosol Series of South Dakota and rep- resents the pedogenically modified Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The upper part is com- posed of the unconformably overlying, pedogenically modified overbank mudstone facies of the Chamberlain Pass Formation (which contains the Interior and Weta Paleosol Series in South Dakota). Greenish-white channel sandstones at the base of the Chadron Formation in Nebraska (previously correlated to the Ahearn Member of the Chadron Formation in South Dakota) herein are correlated to the channel sand- stone facies of the Chamberlain Pass Formation in South Dakota. The Chamberlain Pass Formation is unconformably overlain by the Chadron Formation in South Dakota and Nebraska.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles from the Neogene Locality of Maramena (Greece), the Most Diverse European Herpetofauna at the Miocene/Pliocene Transition Boundary
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene locality of Maramena (Greece), the most diverse European herpetofauna at the Miocene/Pliocene transition boundary Georgios L. Georgalis, Andrea Villa, Martin Ivanov, Davit Vasilyan, and Massimo Delfino ABSTRACT We herein describe the fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene (latest Miocene or earliest Pliocene; MN 13/14) locality of Maramena, in northern Greece. The herpetofauna is shown to be extremely diverse, comprising at least 30 different taxa. Amphibians include at least six urodelan (Cryptobranchidae indet., Salamandrina sp., Lissotriton sp. [Lissotriton vulgaris group], Lissotriton sp., Ommatotriton sp., and Sala- mandra sp.), and three anuran taxa (Latonia sp., Hyla sp., and Pelophylax sp.). Rep- tiles are much more speciose, being represented by two turtle (the geoemydid Mauremys aristotelica and a probable indeterminate testudinid), at least nine lizard (Agaminae indet., Lacertidae indet., ?Lacertidae indet., aff. Palaeocordylus sp., ?Scin- cidae indet., Anguis sp., five morphotypes of Ophisaurus, Pseudopus sp., and at least one species of Varanus), and 10 snake taxa (Scolecophidia indet., Periergophis micros gen. et sp. nov., Paraxenophis spanios gen. et sp. nov., Hierophis cf. hungaricus, another distinct “colubrine” morphotype, Natrix aff. rudabanyaensis, and another dis- tinct species of Natrix, Naja sp., cf. Micrurus sp., and a member of the “Oriental Vipers” complex). The autapomorphic features and bizarre vertebral morphology of Perier- gophis micros gen. et sp. nov. and Paraxenophis spanios gen. et sp. nov. render them readily distinguishable among fossil and extant snakes. Cryptobranchids, several of the amphibian genera, scincids, Anguis, Pseudopus, and Micrurus represent totally new fossil occurrences, not only for the Greek area, but for the whole southeastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Interval in Badlands National Park, South Dakota
    The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Interval in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Philip W. Stoffer1 Paula Messina John A. Chamberlain, Jr. Dennis O. Terry, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-56 2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K-T) boundary study interval at the Rainbow Colors Overlook along Badlands Loop Road, North Unit of Badlands National Park. This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of01-056/ ABSTRACT A marine K-T boundary interval has been identified throughout the Badlands National Park region of South Dakota. Data from marine sediments suggest that deposits from two asteroid impacts (one close, one far away) may be preserved in the Badlands. These impact- generated deposits may represent late Maestrichtian events or possibly the terminal K-T event. Interpretation is supported by paleontological correlation, sequence stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and strontium isotope geochronology. This research is founded on nearly a decade of NPS approved field work in Badlands National Park and a foundation of previously published data and interpretations. The K-T boundary occurs within
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGY of the INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an Open-Access Journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Volume 8 2021
    GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Volume 8 2021 CARBONATE MOUND SPRINGS OF THE UPPER JURASSIC MORRISON FORMATION OF CENTRAL MONTANA AND THEIR PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE NORTHERN FORELAND BASIN Dean R. Richmond, John Pigott, Richard Lupia, Michael Behm, and David Hein © 2021 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to copy and distribute, see the following page or visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information. Email inquiries to [email protected]. GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Volume 8 2021 Editors 2020–2021 UGA Board Douglas A. Sprinkel Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr. President Riley Brinkerhoff [email protected] 406.839.1375 President-Elect John South [email protected] 385.266.2113 Azteca Geosolutions Utah Geological Survey Program Chair Maria Slack [email protected] 801.810.9154 801.391.1977 801.824.0738 Treasurer Brent Greenhalgh [email protected] 385.626.8972 [email protected] [email protected] Secretary Ryan Gall [email protected] 801.537.3312 [email protected] Past President Leslie Heppler [email protected] 801.538.5257 John R. Foster Bart J. Kowallis Utah Field House of Brigham Young University Natural History State Park UGA Committees 801.380.2736 Museum Environmental Affairs Craig Eaton [email protected] 801.633.9396 [email protected] 435.789.3799 Geologic Road Sign Greg Gavin [email protected] 801.541.6258 eutretauranosuchus@ Historian Paul Anderson [email protected] 801.364.6613 Steven Schamel Membership Rick Ford [email protected] 801.626.6942 gmail.com GeoX Consulting, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGIC MAP of the LAME DEER 30' X 60' QUADRANGLE
    GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE ALZADA 30' x 60' QUADRANGLE, EASTERN MONTANA Compiled and mapped by Susan M. Vuke, Edith M. Wilde, Roger B. Colton, and Robert N. Bergantino Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open File Report MBMG 433 2001 This report has been reviewed for conformity with Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology’s technical and editorial standards. Partial support has been provided by the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geology Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey under contract Number 00-HQ-AG-0115. CORRELATION DIAGRAM ALZADA 30' x 60' QUADRANGLE Qal Qls ? Holocene Quaternary Qat unconformity ? Pleistocene QTat Pliocene unconformity Tertiary Tar Eocene unconformity Khc unconformity Kftl Kftc Fox Hills Fm. Kp Kpg Kn Upper Cretaceous Cretaceous Kca Kgr Kbf Km Lower Cretaceous Knc 2. DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS ALZADA 30' x 60' QUADRANGLE Note: Thicknesses are given in feet because original field maps were on 7.5’ quadrangles with contour intervals in feet. To convert feet to meters (the contour interval unit on this map), multiply feet x 0.3048. Qal Alluvium (Holocene)—Light-gray to tan gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposited in stream and river channels and on flood plains. Clasts are subangular to well rounded. Deposits are poorly to well stratified and poorly to well sorted. Thickness generally less than 20 ft but as much as 30 ft. Qls Landslide deposit (Holocene and Pleistocene?)—Mass-wasting deposit of stable to unstable, unsorted mixtures of sediment. Deposit primarily as rotated or slumped blocks of bedrock and surficial sediment. Color and lithology reflect that of parent rock and transported surficial deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGIC MAP of the EKALAKA 30' X 60' QUADRANGLE, EASTERN
    GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE EKALAKA 30’ x 60’ QUADRANGLE, EASTERN MONTANA AND ADJACENT NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA Compiled and mapped by Susan M. Vuke, Edith M. Wilde, Robert N. Bergantino, and Roger B. Colton Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open File Report MBMG 430 2001 This report has had preliminary reviews for conformity with Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology’s technical and editorial standards. Partial support has been provided by the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey under contract Number 00-HQ-AG-0115. ������������������� ���������������������������� ��� ��� �������� ���������� � ���� ���� ����������� � � �������� ������������ ��� ������ ������������ �������� � ���� ������������ ��������� ��� ���� ������������� ������������ ��� ������������ ����� ���� ���������� ���������� ���� ��� 1 DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS EKALAKA 30’ x 60’ QUADRANGLE Note: Thicknesses are given in feet because original field maps were on 7.5’ quadrangles with contour intervals in feet. To convert feet to meters (the contour interval unit on this map), multiply feet x 0.3048. Qal Alluvium (Holocene)—Light-gray to tan gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposited in stream and river channels and on flood plains. Clasts are subangular to well rounded. Deposits are poorly to well stratified and poorly to well sorted. Thickness generally less than 20 ft but as much as 30 ft. Qls Landslide deposit (Holocene and Pleistocene?)—Mass-wasting deposit of stable to unstable, unsorted mixtures of sediment primarily as rotated or slumped blocks of bedrock and surficial sediment. Color and lithology reflect that of parent rock and transported surficial deposits. Thickness as much as 70 ft. QTat Alluvial terrace deposit (Pleistocene and/or Pliocene)—Light-brown to light- grayish orange, coarse sand with lenses of gravel, and lenses and beds of clay, silt, and fine-grained sand in terrace remnants approximately 100 ft above modern flood plain of Little Beaver Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional History of the Chadron Formation in North Dakota
    Depositional History of the Chadron Formation in North Dakota by Clint A. Boyd1 and John R. Webster2 1North Dakota Geological Survey 2Geosciences, Minot State University REPORT OF INVESTIGATION NO. 120 NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Edward C. Murphy, State Geologist Lynn D. Helms, Director Dept. of Mineral Resources 2018 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Late Eocene Paleosols of North Dakota ......................................................................................... 3 Paleosols at White and Haystack Buttes (Stark County) ............................................................ 4 Description of Section 1 .......................................................................................................... 5 Description of Section 2 .......................................................................................................... 7 History of Paleosol Development ......................................................................................... 13 Interpretation ......................................................................................................................... 16
    [Show full text]
  • Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups
    APPENDIX Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980). KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (Proterozoic?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontological Resources Technical Report Riley Ridge to Natrona Project DECEMBER 2018
    U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Paleontological Resources Technical Report Riley Ridge to Natrona Project DECEMBER 2018 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Regional Setting .................................................................................................................................. 1 3.0 Inventory Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 1 4.0 Potential Fossil-Bearing Geologic Formations ................................................................................... 4 4.1 Browns Park Formation (PFYC 3) ............................................................................................ 4 4.2 White River Formation or Group (PFYC 5) .............................................................................. 5 4.3 Wind River Formation (PFYC 5) .............................................................................................. 5 4.4 Green River Formation (PFYC 5) ............................................................................................. 5 4.5 Wasatch Formation (PFYC 5) ................................................................................................... 5 4.6 Battle Spring Formation (PFYC 3)............................................................................................ 6 4.7 Bridger Formation
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Description of the Geologic Environment of the Lignite Fields of the Williston Basin in North Dakota Is Intended to Provide The
    SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE WILLISTON BASIN LIGNITE FIELDS, NORTH DAKOTA Donald E. Trimble, compiler U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 78-920 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards and nomenclature. Contents Page Introduction (untitled) 1 Sources of information 5 Physiographic description 6 ___ ^^ _ _ - ____ Q£ ____ _._-__ _ _._._-__^^__ _ ____________________ -_-.-_-__ ______ _ ._^________-___ ___ ______ 7^ Glaciated Missouri Plateau section 7 Unglaciated Missouri Plateau section 10 Geologic description 14 ""lJLgJL />V*O dpiljr T~»V_ tT«__» _ _» ___ __ ._ _ __ __»___ ___» __ __ __ _ _»__ _-»__.»___ X*r1 /I Pre-Hell Creek strata 16 Hell Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous) 18 Fort Union Formation (Paleocene) 19 Golden Valley Formation (upper Paleocene and lower Eocene) 21 White River Formation or Group (Oligocene) 22 Chadron Formation 23 isruxe j orma t i.on'~^"~"~"~""> ""~'"~'"~'"~' ""~' ""~'^*>" ""~'"""""~' " " ""~'"~'^ " ""~'"~'~" ""~'^ -.j Arikaree Formation (Miocene) 23 Glacial deposits (Pleistocene) 24 Alluvium (Pleistocene and Holocene) 25 Page Geologic description Continued Stratigraphy Continued Landslide deposits (Holocene) 25 Structure 26 Williston Basin 26 Fold s 28 Fractures 29 Landscape geochemistry by Jon J. Connor - 31 Physical properties of the Fort Union Formation by E. E. McGregor, and W. K. Smith 52 Geologic hazards 61 Slope stability of the Fort Union Formation by W. Z. Savage - 62 Slope stability calculations - 62 Conclusions -. 57 Landslides by Roger B. Colton 68 Surface subsidence by C.
    [Show full text]
  • South Dakota
    -I U. S "CflLOCICL SURVEY Field Library Albuquerque, New Mexico Uranium-Bearing Sandstone in the White River Badlands, Pennington County, South Dakota By G. W. Moore and Murray Levish Trace Elements Investigations Report 421 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY metadc30 45 S7 L____ ____- ____ - + ,. 4. -Ee a e = * 2 = e. 4 , -- OFFICIAL USE ONLY Geology and Mineralogy This document consists of 24 pages/ Series A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY URANIUM =BEARING SANDSTONE IN THE WHITE RIVER BADLANDS PENNINGTON COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA By George W. Moore and Murray Levish April 1954 Trace Elements Investigations Report 421 This preliminary report is dis- tributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomen- clature. It is not for public inspec- tion or quotation. *This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. When separated from Part II, handle Part I as UNCLASSIFIED. OFFICIAL USE ONLY USGS -mTEI-421 GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY Distribution (Series A) No. of copies Ame ric an Cyanamid Company, Winchester . 1 Argonne National Laboratory . 1 Atomic Energy Commission, Washington . 1 Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus . 1 Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Company, Y-12 Area . 1 Division of Raw Materials, Albuquerque . 1 Division of Raw Materials, Butte . 1 Division of Raw Materials, Denver . 1 Division of Raw Materials, Douglas . 1 Division of Raw Materials, Hot Springs . 1 Division of Raw Materials, Ishpeming , . 1 Division of Raw Materials, New York . 6 Division of Raw Materials, Phoenix. 1 Division of Raw Materials, Richfield.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baca Formation and the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary in New Mexico Spencer G
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/34 The Baca Formation and the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in New Mexico Spencer G. Lucas, 1983, pp. 187-192 in: Socorro Region II, Chapin, C. E.; Callender, J. F.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 34th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 344 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1983 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States.
    [Show full text]