Inclusion and Diversity Intersectionality/Privilege
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Critical Race Theory, Race and Gender Microaggressions, and the Experience of Chicana and Chicano Scholars
QUALITATIVE STUDIES IN EDUCATION, 1998, VOL. 11, NO. 1, 121±136 Critical race theory, race and gender microaggressions, and the experience of Chicana and Chicano scholars D ANIEL G . SOLO; RZANO G raduate School of Education & Information Studies University of California, Los Angeles Using critical race theory as a framework, this article provides an examination of how racial and gender microaggressions aåect the career paths of Chicana and Chicano scholars. This paper reports on open-ended survey and interview data of a purposive sample of six Chicana and six Chicano Ford Foundation Predoctoral, D issertation, and Postdoctoral M inority Fellows. There are three objectives for this study : (a) to extend and apply a critical race theory to the ®eld of education, (b) to `` recognize,’’ `` document,’’ and analyze racial and gender microaggressions of Chicana and Chicano scholars, and (c) to `` hear ’’ the voice of `` discrimination’s victims ’’ by examining the eåect of race and gender microaggressions on the lives of Chicana and Chicano scholars. Three patterns of racial and gender microaggressions were found : (a) scholars who felt out of place in the academy because of their race and}or gender, (b) scholars who felt their teachers}professors had lower expectations for them, and (c) scholars’ accounts of subtle and not so subtle racial and gender incidents. The article ends with possible directions for continued critical race theory research with scholars of color. Introduction These [racial] assaults to black dignity and black hope are incessant and cumulative. Any single one may be gross. In fact, the major vehicle for racism in this country is oåenses done to blacks by whites in this sort of gratuitous never- ending way. -
Neo-Authoritarianism and the Contestation of White Identification in the US
CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture ISSN 1481-4374 Purdue University Press ©Purdue University Volume 23 (2021) Issue 1 Article 5 Neo-Authoritarianism and the Contestation of White Identification in the US Justin Gilmore University of California, Santa Cruz Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb Part of the American Studies Commons, Comparative Literature Commons, Education Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other Film and Media Studies Commons, Reading and Language Commons, Rhetoric and Composition Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Television Commons, and the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Dedicated to the dissemination of scholarly and professional information, Purdue University Press selects, develops, and distributes quality resources in several key subject areas for which its parent university is famous, including business, technology, health, veterinary medicine, and other selected disciplines in the humanities and sciences. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access learned journal in the humanities and social sciences, publishes new scholarship following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "comparative cultural studies." Publications in the journal are indexed in the Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (Chadwyck-Healey), the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Thomson Reuters ISI), the Humanities Index (Wilson), Humanities International Complete (EBSCO), the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America, and Scopus (Elsevier). The journal is affiliated with the Purdue University Press monograph series of Books in Comparative Cultural Studies. Contact: <[email protected]> Recommended Citation Gilmore, Justin. -
The Relationship Between Experiences with Microaggression and the Leadership Practices of Mid-Level Student Affairs Professionals
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPERIENCES WITH MICROAGGRESSION AND THE LEADERSHIP PRACTICES OF MID-LEVEL STUDENT AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS LaDonna R. Moore A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2016 Committee: Dafina-Lazarus Stewart, Advisor Judith Jackson May Graduate Faculty Representative Nicholas Bowman Patrick Pauken © 2016 LaDonna R. Moore All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dafina-Lazarus Stewart, Advisor Microaggressions reflect the active manifestation of oppressive worldviews that create, maintain, and perpetuate marginalization (Sue, 2010a). Individuals from marginalized backgrounds “describe their work climate as hostile, invalidating, and insulting because of microaggressions that assail their race, gender, or sexual-orientation identities” (Sue, 2010a, p. 213). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between microaggression and the work experience of mid-level student affairs professionals within higher education, specifically those from marginalized populations that pertain to race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, or disability. Participants completed a web-based survey that measured their interactions with microaggression and its relationship with their leadership practices. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the data for this study. The results of this study confirm what the extant literature, focused on the experience of higher education professionals, has demonstrated. Prior studies have found that administrators within higher education encounter microaggression (Alabi, 2014; Garvey & Drezner, 2013). Within this study, 78.3% of participants reported that they have experienced microaggression within the workplace. These individuals also revealed that the forms of microaggression they experience most frequently included microinvalidations, followed by microinsults. -
Essential Conversations Revised 8.30
A VIRTUAL CONFERENCE #EmERGeLeadership You are in session: Hot Topic: Having Essential Conversations which will begin shortly. #EmERGeLeadership Bridgette Scales Senior Director, Global Member Advisory Services Diversity Best Practices #EmERGeLeadership Having Essential Conversations Having Essential Conversations We all have a responsibility to equip ourselves to have meaningful conversations in search of a more inclusive environment… (Anatomy of Culture Change, Catalyst 2013) Source: https://www.catalyst.org/research/anatomy-of-change-how-inclusive-cultures-evolve/ Shifting the Conversation Landscape SHIFTING FROM Avoiding difficult conversations when possible TO Essential Conversations are critical opportunities to build partnership, deal proactively with issues, and further inclusion. UN Human Rights Commission: https://www.standup4humanrights.org/en/fightracism_engage.html “Afraid of reverse prejudice. I cant help what happened “my toddlers repeatedly “just makes me sad that in years ago but Im made to telling me friends wont play this day and age we need to feel like its my fault “ with them because they deal with the horrible issues aren’t white. “ of racism and prejudice” “fearful of my family’s safety. That its more dangerous “realized how “blind” I have “made me more aware of than I thought it was. When been to what people of color racism and that being silent is the next bad thing going face. “ is no longer enough. Am I to happen and will it be me” part of the problem?“ “I have Internal conflict. I believe there is racism and I want it to “My emotions have been up end. However, I feel like there is and down each day. -
Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions: White Anti-Racism, New Abolitionism & Intersectional Anti-White Irish Diasporic Nationalism
Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions: White Anti-Racism, New Abolitionism & Intersectional Anti-White Irish Diasporic Nationalism By Matthew W. Horton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Dr. Na’ilah Nasir, Chair Dr. Daniel Perlstein Dr. Keith Feldman Summer 2019 Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions Matthew W. Horton 2019 ABSTRACT Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions: White Anti-Racism, New Abolitionism & Intersectional Anti-White Irish Diasporic Nationalism by Matthew W. Horton Doctor of Philosophy in Education and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory University of California, Berkeley Professor Na’ilah Nasir, Chair This dissertation is an intervention into Critical Whiteness Studies, an ‘additional movement’ to Ethnic Studies and Critical Race Theory. It systematically analyzes key contradictions in working against racism from a white subject positions under post-Civil Rights Movement liberal color-blind white hegemony and "Black Power" counter-hegemony through a critical assessment of two major competing projects in theory and practice: white anti-racism [Part 1] and New Abolitionism [Part 2]. I argue that while white anti-racism is eminently practical, its efforts to hegemonically rearticulate white are overly optimistic, tend toward renaturalizing whiteness, and are problematically dependent on collaboration with people of color. I further argue that while New Abolitionism has popularized and advanced an alternative approach to whiteness which understands whiteness as ‘nothing but oppressive and false’ and seeks to ‘abolish the white race’, its ultimately class-centered conceptualization of race and idealization of militant nonconformity has failed to realize effective practice. -
Examples of Microaggressions 1 Theme Microaggression Examples
Examples of Microaggressions Theme Microaggression Examples Message Race Assumptions of criminality A security guard following a Black You are a criminal. person, presuming that they are going to cause damage or steal. You are going to steal/you are poor, you do not belong. While walking through the halls of a College building, a security guard You are dangerous. approaches a black member of staff to ask if she/he is lost, even though she/he is in a group with other staff members. Objectification/tokenism (e.g. “What are you? You’re so You are a perpetual foreigner in when BAME people are objectified interesting looking!” your own country. or treated as tokens). “she is so exotic”. Your ethnic/racial identity makes you exotic. “how do you get your hair like that?!” You are outside of the norm. Assumptions of intellectual “You’re so articulate”. BAME people are generally not as inferiority (e.g. BAME people are intelligent as White people. assumed to be less intelligent or “you speak English so well”. capable than white people). Denigrating cultural To an East Asian person: “Why are Assimilate to dominant culture. values/communication styles (e.g. you so quiet? We want to know the notion that the values and what you think. Be more verbal.” Leave your cultural baggage communication styles of the “Speak up more.” outside. dominant/White culture are ideal/”normal”). There is no room for difference. 1 Examples of Microaggressions Asking a Black person: “Why do you have to be so loud/animated/aggressive? Just calm down.” Colour blindness (e.g. -
Discussion Guide for Educators
DISCUSSION GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS Guide by Valeria Brown, MEd Beacon Press | beacon.org/whitefragility WHY SHOULD EDUCATORS READ WHITE FRAGILITY? White Fragility is a must-read for all educators because racial disparities in access and opportunity continue to be an urgent issue in our schools. An educator’s belief system can and does significantly impact how they approach teaching and learning.1 Therefore, in a school system in which the teaching population remains primarily white and the student population continues to become more racially diverse, it is necessary for ed- ucators to develop the skills to engage in conversations about bias, race, and racism—especially their own.2 Additionally, despite an educator’s best efforts, it is impossible to shield students from the hate-based violence they are exposed to on a national level. A report by the Southern Poverty Law Center, found that the rhetoric used by Donald Trump and his supporters, before and during the presidential campaign, had a significant impact on school climate.3 Teachers reported an increase in verbal harassment of students, the use of slurs and derogatory language, and instances involving swastikas, Nazi salutes, and Confederate flags. Eight in ten teachers reported heightened anxiety from students in marginalized groups, including immigrants, Muslims, African Americans, and LGBTQ youth. Each month, Teaching Tolerance, a project of SPLC, tracks and publishes hate incidents at US schools. The latest report, from November 2018, found that there were 59 reported incidents in classrooms, at school events, and on social media.4 Regrettably, stu- dents are living with hate in their midst at school, too, and it is imperative that educators take action. -
Vocabulary for Conversations About Race, Gender, Equality, and Inclusivity
Vocabulary for conversations about race, gender, equality, and inclusivity. Term/Concept Definition Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery. In the Abolitionism modern era, abolition takes the form of removing state-sanctioned slavery such as the prison industrial complex and the police force. Actor: The actions of an Actor do not disrupt the status quo, much the same as a spectator at a game. Both have only a nominal effect in shifting an overall outcome. The actions of an Actor do not explicitly name or challenge the pillars of White supremacy which is necessary for meaningful progress towards racial justice. Lila Watson said, “If you have come here to help me, you’re wasting your time. If you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together.” Ally: An Ally is someone who is not BIPOC who acts to challenge institutionalized racism, and White supremacy. Allies constantly educate themselves, and do not speak or act only when it is convenient. E.g., When an Ally hears something inappropriate being discussed, the Ally disrupts the conversation, and takes the opportunity to educate those present. Actor/Ally/Accomplice Accomplice: An Accomplice is a non-BIPOC person whose actions are meant to directly challenge institutionalized racism, colonization, and White supremacy by blocking or impeding racist people, policies, and structures. An Accomplice realizes that all people’s freedoms and liberations are bound together, so retreat or withdrawal in the face of oppressive structures is not an option. Accomplices’ actions are informed by, directed and often coordinated with BIPOC leaders they actively listen with respect, and understand that op-pressed people are not monolithic in their tactics and beliefs. -
Purple Hibiscus
1 A GLOSSARY OF IGBO WORDS, NAMES AND PHRASES Taken from the text: Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Appendix A: Catholic Terms Appendix B: Pidgin English Compiled & Translated for the NW School by: Eze Anamelechi March 2009 A Abuja: Capital of Nigeria—Federal capital territory modeled after Washington, D.C. (p. 132) “Abumonye n'uwa, onyekambu n'uwa”: “Am I who in the world, who am I in this life?”‖ (p. 276) Adamu: Arabic/Islamic name for Adam, and thus very popular among Muslim Hausas of northern Nigeria. (p. 103) Ade Coker: Ade (ah-DEH) Yoruba male name meaning "crown" or "royal one." Lagosians are known to adopt foreign names (i.e. Coker) Agbogho: short for Agboghobia meaning young lady, maiden (p. 64) Agwonatumbe: "The snake that strikes the tortoise" (i.e. despite the shell/shield)—the name of a masquerade at Aro festival (p. 86) Aja: "sand" or the ritual of "appeasing an oracle" (p. 143) Akamu: Pap made from corn; like English custard made from corn starch; a common and standard accompaniment to Nigerian breakfasts (p. 41) Akara: Bean cake/Pea fritters made from fried ground black-eyed pea paste. A staple Nigerian veggie burger (p. 148) Aku na efe: Aku is flying (p. 218) Aku: Aku are winged termites most common during the rainy season when they swarm; also means "wealth." Akwam ozu: Funeral/grief ritual or send-off ceremonies for the dead. (p. 203) Amaka (f): Short form of female name Chiamaka meaning "God is beautiful" (p. 78) Amaka ka?: "Amaka say?" or guess? (p. -
How Social Normativity Negatively Impacts White Health
White Privilege vs. White Invisibility and the Manifestation of White Fragility: How Social Normativity Negatively Impacts White Health By Sharon Zipporah Champion Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Medicine, Health, and Society May, 2016 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Jonathan M. Metzl, M.D., Ph.D. Dominique P. Béhague, Ph.D. Hector F. Myers, Ph.D. To my bedrock of a family, my wise friends, my infinitely supportive fiancé, To those who have passed on that have paved the road to be less rocky for my travels. I love you all. Finally, to those who have suffered under the weight of whiteness, who have been rendered silent by its violent pervasiveness in society, whose lives have been troubled and cut short by the waif-like fragility of it, I hear you, I see you, and I hope this does some slight justice for the strange fruit still hanging from the trees. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not exist without my adviser, Dr. Jonathan Metzl, with his unending enthusiasm and support of my work through this process. Thank you for answering long distance phone calls, frantic late night emails, and nervous questions after class. This extends to my thesis committee Dr. Dominique Béhague and Dr. Hector Myers, who graciously worked with me and gave infinitely helpful advice to develop this thesis. I would be still mired in my writing struggles without you all. To the Vanderbilt Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, I have grown and learned immensely through this Master’s program and thank you fervently for this scholastic opportunity to flex my mind. -
Microaggressions: Triggers and Responses
Microaggressions: Triggers and Responses WHITWORTH UNIVERSITY TEACHING ROUNDTABLE LORNA HERNANDEZ JARVIS, ASSOCIATE VICE PRESIDENT FOR DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION, AND CDO For personal/individual use only. Do not copy or distribute any of this material without the author’s permission Inclusive Excellence in Higher Education Colleges and universities are to create environments in which everyone feels welcome, encouraged to learn and flourish Many who do not conform to dominant demographics don’t always feel included, and their academic learning experience is negatively impacted. Microaggressions point out cultural difference in ways that put the target’s non-conformity into sharp focus often causing anxiety and crises of belonging. We must find ways to engage with difference in more intelligent and nuanced ways, and train our minds to entertain more complex views of the world. Inclusive Excellence in Higher Education Exclusion, Alienation, and discrimination persist within the academy Racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of discrimination are in fact commonplace. Many see the responses to microaggressions as overreactions Implicit biases have serious consequences beyond hurt feelings: Discriminatory hiring Racial inequities in policing and broader criminal justice Physical and psychological Health impact Microaggressions matter because they are SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES of a larger structural problem Inclusive Excellence in Higher Education Call to downplay microaggressions underestimates the powerful effect of sanctioning -
Why Cancel Culture Is
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why cancel culture is ‘obscene’ Attacked and falsely accused of transphobia, award-winning author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is hitting back, excoriating her critics and their sanctimonious hypocrisy. Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is calling out social media hypocrisy and ‘sanctimony’. By Rosemary Neill July 9, 2021 When the Nigerian literary star Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was accused of being transphobic on social media, her initial default position was to remain silent. The winner of the Orange and PEN Pinter prizes is famous — her TED talk calling for more diversity in storytelling attracted almost nine million views — so she figured that people posting false or distorted claims about her “comes with the territory’’. As the online abuse continued, Adichie became concerned that “in this age of social media, where a story travels the world in minutes, silence sometimes means that other people can hijack your story and soon their false version becomes the defining story about you”. Last month, the author of celebrated fiction works Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun and Americanah, decided she had had enough. In an eloquent yet ferocious essay 2 titled It is Obscene, she called out social media militancy and accused two of her former writing students of “insulting” or trying to cancel her, and engaging in “ugly opportunism” after she remarked that “trans women are trans women” in a 2017 television interview. Recently, she was attacked online again — and even accused of trying to “kill children” — after she described an essay that Harry Potter author JK Rowling penned on sex and gender as “a perfectly reasonable piece”.