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TCRP Report 71 –Track-Related Research, Volume 5 TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH TCRP PROGRAM REPORT 71 Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration Track-Related Research Volume 5: Flange Climb Derailment Criteria and Wheel/Rail Profile Management and Maintenance Guidelines for Transit Operations TCRP OVERSIGHT AND PROJECT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2005 (Membership as of March 2005) SELECTION COMMITTEE (as of February 2005) OFFICERS CHAIR Chair: Joseph H. Boardman, Commissioner, New York State DOT SHARON GREENE Vice Chair: Michael D. Meyer, Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sharon Greene & Associates Georgia Institute of Technology Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board MEMBERS LINDA J. BOHLINGER MEMBERS HNTB Corp. ROBERT I. BROWNSTEIN MICHAEL W. BEHRENS, Executive Director, Texas DOT Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. LARRY L. BROWN, SR., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT PETER CANNITO DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Vice Pres., Customer Service, Norfolk Southern Corporation and Subsidiaries, Metropolitan Transit Authority—Metro North Atlanta, GA Railroad ANNE P. CANBY, President, Surface Transportation Policy Project, Washington, DC GREGORY COOK JOHN L. CRAIG, Director, Nebraska Department of Roads Ann Arbor Transportation Authority DOUGLAS G. DUNCAN, President and CEO, FedEx Freight, Memphis, TN JENNIFER L. DORN NICHOLAS J. GARBER, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville FTA ANGELA GITTENS, Consultant, Miami, FL NATHANIEL P. FORD GENEVIEVE GIULIANO, Director, Metrans Transportation Center, and Professor, School of Policy, Metropolitan Atlanta RTA Planning, and Development, USC, Los Angeles RONALD L. FREELAND Parsons Transportation Group BERNARD S. GROSECLOSE, JR., President and CEO, South Carolina State Ports Authority FRED M. GILLIAM SUSAN HANSON, Landry University Professor of Geography, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority JAMES R. HERTWIG, President, CSX Intermodal, Jacksonville, FL KIM R. GREEN GLORIA J. JEFF, Director, Michigan DOT GFI GENFARE ADIB K. KANAFANI, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley JILL A. HOUGH HERBERT S. LEVINSON, Principal, Herbert S. Levinson Transportation Consultant, New Haven, CT North Dakota State University SUE MCNEIL, Director and Professor, Urban Transportation Center, University of Illinois, Chicago JOHN INGLISH MICHAEL MORRIS, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments Utah Transit Authority CAROL A. MURRAY, Commissioner, New Hampshire DOT ROBERT H. IRWIN JOHN R. NJORD, Executive Director, Utah DOT British Columbia Transit PHILIP A. SHUCET, Commissioner, Virginia DOT JEANNE W. KRIEG MICHAEL S. TOWNES, President and CEO, Hampton Roads Transit, Hampton, VA Eastern Contra Costa Transit Authority C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin CELIA G. KUPERSMITH LINDA S. WATSON, Executive Director, LYNX—Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District EX OFFICIO MEMBERS PAUL J. LARROUSSE National Transit Institute MARION C. BLAKEY, Federal Aviation Administrator, U.S.DOT DAVID A. LEE REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA Connecticut Transit GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, Chancellor, Polytechnic University, and Foreign Secretary, National Academy CLARENCE W. MARSELLA of Engineering Denver Regional Transportation District THOMAS H. COLLINS (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard FAYE L. M. MOORE JENNIFER L. DORN, Federal Transit Administrator, U.S.DOT Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority JAMES J. EBERHARDT, Chief Scientist, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, MICHAEL H. MULHERN U.S. Department of Energy Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority STACEY L. GERARD, Acting Deputy Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, STEPHANIE L. PINSON U.S.DOT Gilbert Tweed Associates, Inc. EDWARD R. HAMBERGER, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads ROBERT H. PRINCE, JR. JOHN C. HORSLEY, Exec. Dir., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials DMJM+Harris ROBERT D. JAMISON, Acting Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. DOT JEFFREY M. ROSENBERG EDWARD JOHNSON, Director, Applied Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Amalgamated Transit Union RICK KOWALEWSKI, Deputy Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S.DOT BEVERLY SCOTT WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association Sacramento Regional Transit District MARY E. PETERS, Federal Highway Administrator, U.S.DOT PAUL P. SKOUTELAS ERIC C. PETERSON, Deputy Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT Port Authority of Allegheny County SUZANNE RUDZINSKI, Director, Transportation and Regional Programs, U.S. EPA KATHRYN D. WATERS JEFFREY W. RUNGE, National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT Dallas Area Rapid Transit ANNETTE M. SANDBERG, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT EX OFFICIO MEMBERS WILLIAM G. SCHUBERT, Maritime Administrator, U.S.DOT WILLIAM W. MILLAR JEFFREY N. SHANE, Under Secretary for Policy, U.S.DOT APTA CARL A. STROCK (Maj. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR. of Engineers TRB JOHN C. HORSLEY TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM AASHTO MARY E. PETERS Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for TCRP FHWA JOSEPH H. BOARDMAN, New York State DOT (Chair) JENNIFER L. DORN, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT TDC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MICHAEL D. MEYER, Georgia Institute of Technology LOUIS SANDERS APTA WILLIAM W. MILLAR, American Public Transportation Association ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR., Transportation Research Board SECRETARY MICHAEL S. TOWNES, Hampton Roads Transit, Hampton, VA ROBERT J. REILLY C. MICHAEL WALTON, University of Texas, Austin TRB LINDA S. WATSON, LYNX—Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP REPORT 71 Track-Related Research Volume 5: Flange Climb Derailment Criteria and Wheel/Rail Profile Management and Maintenance Guidelines for Transit Operations HUIMIN WU XINGGAO SHU NICHOLAS WILSON Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) Pueblo, CO SUBJECT AREAS Public Transit • Rail Research Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2005 www.TRB.org TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP REPORT 71: Volume 5 The nation’s growth and the need to meet mobility, Project D-7 environmental, and energy objectives place demands on public ISSN 1073-4872 transit systems. Current systems, some of which are old and in need ISBN 0-309-08830-5 of upgrading, must expand service area, increase service frequency, Library of Congress Control Number 2001135523 and improve efficiency to serve these demands. Research is necessary to solve operating problems, to adapt appropriate new © 2005 Transportation Research Board technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into Price $25.00 the transit industry. The Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the transit industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for TCRP was originally identified in TRB Special Report 213—Research for Public Transit: New Directions, published in 1987 and based on a study sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration—now the Federal Transit Admin- istration (FTA). A report by the American Public Transportation NOTICE Association (APTA), Transportation 2000, also recognized the need The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Transit Cooperative for local, problem-solving research. TCRP, modeled after the Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the longstanding and successful National Cooperative Highway approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such Research Program, undertakes research and other technical activities approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the project concerned is in response to the needs of transit service providers. The scope of appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National TCRP includes a variety of transit research fields including plan- Research Council. ning, service configuration, equipment, facilities, operations, human The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this project and resources, maintenance, policy, and administrative practices. to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with TCRP was established under FTA sponsorship in July 1992. due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The Proposed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, TCRP was opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency authorized as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation that performed the research, and while they have been accepted as appropriate Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). On May 13, 1992, a memorandum by the technical panel, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation agreement outlining TCRP operating procedures was executed by Research Board, the National Research Council, the Transit Development the three
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