DOCSLIB.ORG

Co-Operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Co-operative Alliance Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity Photo courtesy of The Co-operators Statement on the Co-operative Identity DEFINITION OF A CO-OPERATIVE A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise. CO-OPERATIVE VALUES: Co-operatives are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and soli- darity. In the tradition of their founders, co-operative members believe in the ethical values of honesty, open- ness, social responsibility and caring for others. CO-OPERATIVE PRINCIPLES: The co-operative principles are guidelines by which co-operatives put their values into practice. 1. VOLUNTARY AND OPEN MEMBERSHIP Co-operatives are voluntary organisations, open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination. 2. DEMOCRATIC MEMBER CONTROL Co-operatives are democratic organisations controlled by their members, who actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the membership. In primary co-operatives members have equal voting rights (one member, one vote) and co-operatives at other levels are also organised in a democratic manner. 3. MEMBER ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the capital of their co-operative. At least part of that capital is usually the common property of the co-operative. Members usually receive limited compensa- tion, if any, on capital subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any or all of the following purposes: developing their co-operative, possibly by setting up reserves, part of which at least would be indivisible; benefiting members in proportion to their transactions with the co-operative; and sup- porting other activities approved by the membership. 4. AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE Co-operatives are autonomous, self-help organisations controlled by their members. If they enter into agree- ments with other organisations, including governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their co-operative autonomy. 5. EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INFORMATION Co-operatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers, and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their co-operatives. They inform the gen- eral public - particularly young people and opinion leaders - about the nature and benefits of co-operation. 6. CO-OPERATION AMONG CO-OPERATIVES Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures. 7. CONCERN FOR COMMUNITY Co-operatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies approved by their members. Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity Copyright © International Co-operative Alliance 2015 Reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity Table of Contents Statement on the Co-operative Identity 2 Foreword 5 PAULINE GREEN PRESIDENT INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE ALLIANCE 1. INTRODUCTION: Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity 10 SONJA NOVKOVIC AND KAREN MINER 2. The design of effective democratic governance structures for large co-operatives 25 JOHNSTON BIRCHALL 3. Governing Resilient Co-operatives: Agricultural Co-operatives in Scotland 35 RICHARD SIMMONS, BOB YUILL, JIM BOOTH 4. Creating Competitive Advantage in Agricultural Co-operatives through Improving Governance Systems and Enhancing Member and Community Engagement 49 YOSHIAKI MASUDA, TETSUJI SENDA, KENGO NISHII 5. Worker Co-operatives In Focus 64 5a. Governance in Mondragon 64 FREDERICK FREUNDLICH 5b. Co-operation as Conversation: Suma Wholefoods UK 70 BOB CANNELL, SUMA MEMBER 5c. Union Cab of Madison, Wisconsin, USA 73 JOHN MCNAMARA 6. Governance of European Co-operative Banks: Overview, Issues and Recommendations 79 HANS GROENEVELD 7. The eternal triangle: the crucial role of the Chair and Chief Executive in empowering the board 95 CHRIS CORNFORTH 8. Governing Resilient Co-operatives: A competence based model 104 CLIFF MILLS 9. Finding the Balance: Staying Focused on the Local Member 117 PATRICK G. MANGAN 10. Governance in Solidarity 127 JEAN-PIERRE GIRARD Co-operative Governance and the Blueprint for a Co-operative Decade 135 5 Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity Foreword The co-operative movement boasts a shared iden- tity and unity of purpose as the only organisational model with internationally recognised definition, val- ues, principles, and a social movement behind it. Nevertheless, the co-operative model of enterprise is versatile and flexible. It can be adapted to any sec- tor of economic activity and takes the form of small and locally restrained businesses, as well as multi- national conglomerates. Co-operative enterprises serve, first and foremost, member needs – globally: 1 billion individuals. Governance is a key component of the co-operative difference. The co-operative values and principles call for an open, voluntary, and democratic process of decision-making, and co-operative governance is an essential tool in applying those values and principles. In an increasingly regulated, complex, and inter-dependent global economy, where mar- ket pressures are high, a current reference on the basic tenets of co-operative govern- ance is required. This exercise aims to help establish the tenets of co-operative governance and tease out its delimitations. As co-operatives innovate in their sectors of activity and in their typolo- gies, the Alliance gathers leading thought from around the world and across sectors to reflect on the balance between rigidity and flexibility we must achieve in our governance strategies and practices in order to continue building a better world. We trust that this document will catalyse further dialogue and inspiration. PAULINE GREEN PRESIDENT INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE ALLIANCE 7 Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity 1 INTRODUCTION: Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity SONJA NOVKOVIC AND KAREN MINER 9 Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity 1. INTRODUCTION: Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity SONJA NOVKOVIC AND KAREN MINER A think piece, such as this one on governance in co-operatives, is designed to be thought- provoking and invite debates and discussions, agreements and disagreements, new ideas and reassurances. Our intent is to initiate rich conversations and motivate co-operative members and leadership to re-examine the wide-ranging systems of governance they are a part of. Are these systems conducive to multi-layered participatory frameworks? Are channels of communication open throughout the organization and into the community? Starting from the Blueprint’s vision for elevated participation within the co-operative move- ment (see p. 135), we also look at the economic trends that call for networked governance. Global society is facing new trends in which co-operatives are seen to be the enterprises of the future. How can co-operative governance match those trends and expectations? Our introduction is built on those premises: looking to increased complexity in the socio- economic milieu that demands structures which build resilience, coupled with vibrancy of new networked social movements and co-produced technology, we highlight the charac- teristics of co-operative governance fit for the demands of the emerging socio-economic systems. Our introductory remarks present the building blocks of such co-operative gov- ernance systems, followed by a group of contributors who present a select sample of experiences in co-operatives, allowing us just a glimpse into the diverse world of co-oper- atives today. This document is opening the space for what we hope will be rich ongoing conversations and evolution into the next decade and beyond. Co-operative governance The word governance has its root in the Latin verb “Goubernare” which derives from the Greek “Kybernan”, meaning “to lead, to steer, to be the head of, to set rules, to be in charge of the power”. Governance is related to vision, decision-making processes, power dynamics and accountability practices. The ultimate goal of governance is to effectively fulfill an organization’s goals in a way consistent with the organization’s purpose. Co-operatives are member owned and democratically controlled organizations. Their governance has to meet co-operative’s objectives, protect member interests and main- tain member control. Co-operatives are also values based businesses whose governance and management principles and practices need to reflect and safeguard their values. Governance of co-operatives is very diverse as it reflects an evolutionary path determined by a co-operative movement dating back hundreds of years, combined with different legal environments, industry standards in sectors in which co-operatives
Recommended publications
  • The Continuum Companion to Anarchism

    The Continuum Companion to Anarchism

    The Continuum Companion to Anarchism 9781441172129_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd i 6/9/2001 3:18:11 PM The Continuum Companion to Anarchism Edited by Ruth Kinna 9781441172129_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd iii 6/9/2001 3:18:13 PM Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London SE1 7NX New York, NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © Ruth Kinna and Contributors, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the permission of the publishers. E ISBN: 978-1-4411-4270-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record of this title is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in the United States of America 9781441172129_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd iv 6/9/2001 3:18:13 PM Contents Contributors viii Acknowledgements xiv Part I – Research on Anarchism 1 Introduction 3 Ruth Kinna Part II – Approaches to Anarchist Research 2 Research Methods and Problems: Postanarchism 41 Saul Newman 3 Anarchism and Analytic Philosophy 50 Benjamin Franks 4 Anarchism and Art History: Methodologies of Insurrection 72 Allan Antliff 5 Participant Observation 86 Uri Gordon 6 Anarchy, Anarchism and International Relations 96 Alex Prichard Part III – Current Research in Anarchist Studies 7 Bridging the Gaps: Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Anarchist Thought 111 Carissa Honeywell 8 The Hitchhiker as Theorist: Rethinking Sociology and Anthropology from an Anarchist Perspective 140 Jonathan Purkis 9 Genders and Sexualities in Anarchist Movements 162 Sandra Jeppesen and Holly Nazar v 9781441172129_Pre_Final_txt_print.indd v 6/9/2001 3:18:13 PM Contents 10 Literature and Anarchism 192 David Goodway 11 Anarchism and the Future of Revolution 212 Laurence Davis 12 Social Ecology 233 Andy Price 1 3 Leyendo el anarchismo a través de ojos latinoamericanos : Reading Anarchism through Latin American Eyes 252 Sara C.
  • Patterns of Interacting and Mythologies of Change

    Patterns of Interacting and Mythologies of Change

    RESONANT MESSAGING: PATTERNS OF INTERACTING AND MYTHOLOGIES OF CHANGE Howard A. Thompson B.A.Sc., University of Ottawa, 1984 PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION EMBA Program in the Faculty Business Administration O Howard A. Thompson 2003 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY December 2003 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. Name: Howard A. Thompson Degree: Master of Business Administration Title of Project: RESONANT MESSAGING: Patterns of Interacting and Mythologies of Change Supervisory Committee: Dr. Mark Wexler Professor Faculty of Business Administration br%arolyn Smart Associate Professor Faculty of Business Administration Date Approved: Executive MBA Program Partial Copyright License I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Resonant Messaging: Patterns of Interacting and Mythologies of Change Author: / Howard Thompson Date / This paper examines the relationships between an organization's patterns-of-interacting and the under-structure of heroic message-making in times of momentous organizational transition.
  • Democracy on the Precipice Council of Europe Democracy 2011-12 Council of Europe Publishing Debates

    Democracy on the Precipice Council of Europe Democracy 2011-12 Council of Europe Publishing Debates

    Democracy on the Precipice Democracy Democracy is well-established and soundly practiced in most European countries. But despite unprecedented progress, there is growing dissatisfaction with the state of democracy and deepening mistrust of democratic institutions; a situation exacer- Democracy on the Precipice bated by the economic crisis. Are Europe’s democracies really under threat? Has the traditional model of European democracy exhausted its potential? A broad consensus is forming as to the urgent need to examine the origins of the crisis and to explore Council of Europe visions and strategies which could contribute to rebuilding confidence in democracy. Democracy Debates 2011-12 As Europe’s guardian of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, the Council of Europe is committed to exploring the state and practice of European democracy, as Debates of Europe Publishing 2011-12 Council Council of Europe Democracy well as identifying new challenges and anticipating future trends. In order to facilitate Preface by Thorbjørn Jagland this reflection, the Council of Europe held a series of Democracy Debates with the participation of renowned specialists working in a variety of backgrounds and disciplines. This publication presents the eight Democracy Debate lectures. Each presentation Zygmunt Bauman analyses a specific aspect of democracy today, placing the issues not only in their political context but also addressing the historical, technological and communication Ulrich Beck dimensions. The authors make proposals on ways to improve democratic governance Ayşe Kadıoğlu and offer their predictions on how democracy in Europe may evolve. Together, the presentations contribute to improving our understanding of democracy today and to John Keane recognising the ways it could be protected and strengthened.
  • Corporate Impersonation: the Possibilities of Personhood in American Literature, 1886-1917

    Corporate Impersonation: the Possibilities of Personhood in American Literature, 1886-1917

    Corporate Impersonation: The Possibilities of Personhood in American Literature, 1886-1917 by Nicolette Isabel Bruner A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee Professor Gregg D. Crane, Chair Professor Susanna L. Blumenthal, University of Minnesota Professor Jonathan L. Freedman Associate Professor Scott R. Lyons “Everything…that the community chooses to regard as such can become a subject—a potential center—of rights, whether a plant or an animal, a human being or an imagined spirit; and nothing, if the community does not choose to regard it so, will become a subject of rights, whether human being or anything else.” -Alexander Nékám, 1938 © Nicolette Isabel Bruner Olson 2015 For my family – past, present, and future. ii Acknowledgements This dissertation could not have been completed without the support of my committee: Gregg Crane, Jonathan Freedman, Scott Lyons, and Susanna Blumenthal. Gregg Crane has been a constant source of advice and encouragement whose intimate knowledge of law and literature scholarship has been invaluable to my own development as a scholar. Jonathan Freedman’s class on “Fictions of Finance” inspired much of the work in this dissertation, as did Susanna Blumenthal’s seminar on “The Concept of the Person” during my time at the University of Michigan Law School. Jonathan’s good humor, grace, and sympathetic yet critical eye have profoundly shaped my work. As I have expanded my research into animal studies, Scott Lyons guided me to new intellectual domains. Finally, ever since I began working with her during my first year of law school, Susanna has been a source of wisdom, encouragement, and generosity.
  • Eco-Extremists Respond to Critics

    Eco-Extremists Respond to Critics

    Against the World-Builders: Eco-extremists respond to critics Los hijos del Mencho 2018, January Contents So to begin… ......................................... 3 A. Rape ......................................... 4 B. Misogyny ...................................... 8 C. Attacking anarchists ................................ 11 D. Black Seed no. 5: With frenemies like these… . 16 E. Fascism ....................................... 20 Conclusion .......................................... 25 2 Eco-extremists and aligned theorists writing in the English language have contributed little regarding recent polemics against our Tendency. This is a wise decision since, for those whohate us, our words only inflame their hatred all the more and, while we don’t mind being hated,we would rather focus our energies elsewhere. Our enemies seem to thrive on finding opponents they are unable to defeat (Nazis, the Republican Party, civilization, etc.) so accumulating a few more enemies can make it seem like they are getting somewhere., We neither need nor desire their parasitic attention. Unfortunately for us, aligned parties have asked us to respond, and to that end we have pro- duced this essay. Herein we seek to inform on certain controversial topics that Anglophone read- ers may have missed in an environment of social media and twenty-four hour distraction. We do this both for those interested in what we write, but also for those who hate us. If that much emo- tional investment is going to be placed in events that occur outside of one’s immediate sphere, it might as well be for the right reasons. We will primarily address the essay, “Of Indiscriminate Attacks & Wild Reactions,” from the Olympia-based “edelweiss pirates.” We will also touch on criticisms expressed in Black Seed 5, as well as in other communiqués and call-outs issued in the last six months or so as needed.
  • Electronic Democracy the World of Political Science— the Development of the Discipline

    Electronic Democracy the World of Political Science— the Development of the Discipline

    Electronic Democracy The World of Political Science— The development of the discipline Book series edited by Michael Stein and John Trent Professors Michael B. Stein and John E. Trent are the co-editors of the book series “The World of Political Science”. The former is visiting professor of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Emeritus Professor, McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The latter is a Fellow in the Center of Governance of the University of Ottawa, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and a former professor in its Department of Political Science. Norbert Kersting (ed.) Electronic Democracy Barbara Budrich Publishers Opladen • Berlin • Toronto 2012 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-3-86649-546-3. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org © 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. (CC- BY-SA 4.0) It permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you share under the same license, give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ © 2012 Dieses Werk ist beim Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH erschienen und steht unter der Creative Commons Lizenz Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Diese Lizenz erlaubt die Verbreitung, Speicherung, Vervielfältigung und Bearbeitung bei Verwendung der gleichen CC-BY-SA 4.0-Lizenz und unter Angabe der UrheberInnen, Rechte, Änderungen und verwendeten Lizenz.
  • Pedagogy and Deliberative Democracy: Insights from Recent Experiments in the United Kingdom

    Pedagogy and Deliberative Democracy: Insights from Recent Experiments in the United Kingdom

    PEDAGOGY AND DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY: INSIGHTS FROM RECENT EXPERIMENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Brenton Prosser, Matthew Flinders, Will Jennings, Alan Renwick, Paolo Spada, Gerry Stoker, and Katie Ghose A growing body of research and data suggests the existence of a disconnection between citizens, politicians and representative politics in advanced industrial democracies. This has led to a literature on the emergence of post-democratic or post-representative politics that connects to a parallel seam of scholarship on the capacity of deliberative democratic innovations to ‘close the gap’. This latter body of work has delivered major insights in terms of democratic design in ways that traverse ‘politics as theory’ and ‘politics as practice’. And yet the main argument of this article is that this seam of scholarship has generally failed to emphasise or explore the nature of learning, or comprehend the existence of numerous pedagogical relationships that exist within the very fibre of deliberative processes. As such, the core contribution of this article focuses around the explication and application of a ‘pedagogical pyramid’ that applies a micro-political lens to deliberative processes. This theoretical contribution is empirically dissected and assessed with reference to a recent project in the United Kingdom that sought to test different citizen assembly designs in the context of plans for English regional devolution. The proposition being tested is that a better understanding of relational pedagogy within innovations is vital for democratic reconnection, not just to increase levels of knowledge and mutual understanding, but also to build the capacity, confidence and contribution of democratically active citizens. KEYWORDS Pedagogy; Micro-Politics; Democratic Innovations; Citizen’s Assemblies; Deliberation; Learning Relationships A key feature of mechanisms of democratic innovation is that they are designed to increase and deepen citizen participation in the political decision-making process (Smith, 2009).
  • Using Deliberative Democracy for Better Urban Decision-Making Through Integrative Thinking

    Using Deliberative Democracy for Better Urban Decision-Making Through Integrative Thinking

    Article Using Deliberative Democracy for Better Urban Decision-Making through Integrative Thinking Janette Hartz-Karp and Dora Marinova * Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This article expands the evidence about integrative thinking by analyzing two case studies that applied the collaborative decision-making method of deliberative democracy which encourages representative, deliberative and influential public participation. The four-year case studies took place in Western Australia, (1) in the capital city Perth and surrounds, and (2) in the city-region of Greater Geraldton. Both aimed at resolving complex and wicked urban sustainability challenges as they arose. The analysis suggests that a new way of thinking, namely integrative thinking, emerged during the deliberations to produce operative outcomes for decision-makers. Building on theory and research demonstrating that deliberative designs lead to improved reasoning about complex issues, the two case studies show that through discourse based on deliberative norms, participants developed different mindsets, remaining open-minded, intuitive and representative of ordinary people’s basic common sense. This spontaneous appearance of integrative thinking enabled sound decision-making about complex and wicked sustainability-related urban issues. In both case studies, the participants exhibited all characteristics of integrative thinking to produce outcomes for decision-makers: salience—grasping the problems’ multiple aspects; causality—identifying multiple sources of impacts; sequencing—keeping the whole in view while focusing on specific aspects; and resolution—discovering novel ways that avoided bad choice trade-offs. Keywords: sustainability; deliberative democracy; mini-publics; integrative thinking; participatory Citation: Hartz-Karp, J.; Marinova, D.
  • Citizens' Assemblies

    Citizens' Assemblies

    Master thesis in Sustainable Development 2020/40 Examensarbete i Hållbar utveckling Citizens’ Assemblies: a potential transformative method for addressing the wicked problem of climate change A case study of the 2016 Irish Citizens’ Assembly. Tomasz Forsberg ¨ DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER Master thesis in Sustainable Development 2020/40 Examensarbete i Hållbar utveckling Citizens’ Assemblies: a potential transformative method for addressing the wicked problem of climate change A case study of the 2016 Irish Citizens’ Assembly. Tomasz Forsberg Supervisor: Frans Lenglet Subject Reviewer: Lars Rudebeck Copyright © Tomasz Forsberg and the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2020 Content Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ IV Summary ................................................................................................................................................ V Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... VI 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Aim and research questions: ..........................................................................................................
  • Rapid Review: the Feasibility of an Online Citizens' Assembly to Support Devon's Transition to Net Zero

    Rapid Review: the Feasibility of an Online Citizens' Assembly to Support Devon's Transition to Net Zero

    Rapid Review: The Feasibility of an Online Citizens’ Assembly to support Devon’s Transition to Net Zero A Rapid Review of Evidence and Best Practice Prepared for the Devon Climate Emergency Response Group and the Devon Net Zero Task Force Written by: Dr Rebecca Sandover1, Dr Alice Moseley2, Professor Patrick Devine-Wright3 University of Exeter November 2020 As a Contribution to the: 1 Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences 2 Department of Politics, College of Social Sciences and International Studies 3 Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences 1 1. Executive Summary Following the declaration of a Climate Emergency by Devon County Council in 2019, a Devon Net Zero Citizens’ Assembly was planned for 2020 to discuss and generate recommendations to feed into the Devon Carbon Plan which will set the course of action across Devon for reducing carbon emissions to net zero emissions by 2050 at the latest. The process began in late 2019/ 2020, with a Public Call for Evidence and a series of Expert Hearings having taken place to help generate evidence to put before a Citizens’ Assembly. However, restrictions imposed during 2020 owing to Covid-19 meant that the face-to-face Assembly had to be re-thought if it was not too be delayed too far into the future. Devon County Council and the Devon Climate Emergency Response Group began to consider the feasibility of an online Citizens’ Assembly as an alternative. This review of evidence has been commissioned by those parties to help feed into decision-making around this.
  • Deliberative and Participatory Democracy Stephen Elstub Participatory Democracy and Deliberative Democracy Are Often Confused, E

    Deliberative and Participatory Democracy Stephen Elstub Participatory Democracy and Deliberative Democracy Are Often Confused, E

    Deliberative and Participatory Democracy Stephen Elstub Participatory democracy and deliberative democracy are often confused, equated, or at the very least treated as strongly related theories of democracy (Floridia 2014). It is easy to see why as both theories offer powerful normative critiques of liberal democracy, with protagonists from both arguing it suffers from an avoidable democratic malaise and legitimation crisis, advocating overarching democratic reform and rejuvenation to supplement and improve representative institutions, rather than replace them. In addition, both participatory and deliberative democracy developed in response to the dominance of empirical democratic theory (Schumpeter 1942; Berelson 1952; Downs 1957; Converse 1964), critiquing the negative conclusions drawn about the capacity of citizens (Vitale 2006; Böker and Elstub 2015). Despite these similarities the relationship between the two is highly contested. There seems to be agreement that deliberative democracy developed from participatory democracy (Bohman 1996; Hauptmann 2001; Vitale 2006; Pateman 2012; della Porta 2013; Floridia 2014; Böker and Elstub 2015). On a methodological level it has been argued that they are indistinguishable (Coppedge et al. 2014) and on a practical one that they suffer from the same flaws (Hardin 2009), including the failure to achieve consequential input into central decision-making processes (Goodin 2012: 806). Some see deliberative democracy as a continuation of participatory democracy (Bohman 1996; Vitale 2006; della Porta 2013) and others a departure (Hauptmann 2001; Goodin 2012; Pateman 2012; Floridia 2014). Deliberative democracy is perceived to be the defence and saviour of the core of participatory democracy by some camps (Bohman 1996: 238; della Porta 2013: 7), and blamed for its subsumption by others (Hauptmann 2001; Pateman 2012).
  • Civil Society: Monitory Democracy and Media in John Keane

    Civil Society: Monitory Democracy and Media in John Keane

    University Jaume I of Castellon (Spain) CIVIL SOCIETY: MONITORY DEMOCRACY AND MEDIA IN JOHN KEANE PhD ENGLISH ABSTRACT Written by: Ramón A. Feenstra PhD supervisor: Dr. Domingo García Marzá Professor in philosophy Castellon, January 2010 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Index ......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 16 References................................................................................................................. 27 2 Index INDEX Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Section I: The resurgence of civil society .......................................................................................... 19 1. Democracy and civil society ........................................................................................................... 21 1.1. The importance of civil society today...........................................................................................