NINA Minirapport 519
Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant at Nyhamna, Gossa
Vegetation and soil - annual report 2014
Per Arild Aarrestad Vegar Bakkestuen
NINA Minirapport 519
Aarrestad. P.A. & Bakkestuen, V. 2014. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant at Ny- hamna, Gossa. Vegetation and soil - annual report 2014. - NINA Minirapport 519. 26 pp. Trondheim, November 2014
OWNER OF COPYWRIGHT © Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
ACESSIBILITY Unpublished
PUBLISERINGSTYPE Digital document (pdf)
RESPONSIBLE SIGNATURE Per Arild Aarrestad (sign.)
CONTRACTOR A/S Norske Shell
CONTACT PERSON - CONTRACTOR Siv Kristoffersen
COVER PICTURE Rubus chamaemorus. Photo: P.A. Aarrestad
KEY WORDS Gossa, Aukra, Fræna, Møre & Romsdal County, oil industry, process plant, environmental monitoring, plant growth, bog moss, peat water, peat soil, heavy metals, nitrogen, eutrophica- tion.
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Content
Content ...... 3 1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Maintenance of the monitoring localities in 2014 ...... 6 3 Plant growth of red bog moss ...... 6 3.1 Methods ...... 6 3.2 Results ...... 6 4 Chemical characteristics of peat water ...... 7 4.1 Methods ...... 7 4.2 Results ...... 8 5 Chemical characteristics of peat humus ...... 14 5.1 Methods ...... 14 5.2 Results ...... 15 6 Discussion and conclusion ...... 18 6.1 Plant growth ...... 18 6.2 Chemical content of peat water ...... 18 6.3 Chemical content of peat humus ...... 19 6.4 Main conclusion ...... 19 7 References ...... 21 8 Attachments ...... 22
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1 Introduction
The Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant on the island Gossa in Aukra municipality receives unprocessed gas and condensate from The Ormen Lange field in the Norwegian Sea. During the processing of sales gas and condensate the plant emits CO, CO2, NOx, CH4, NMVOC (inclusive BTEX), SO2 and small amounts of heavy metals as specified in the discharge permit issued by the The Norwegian Environment Agency. The plant was put into operation in 2007 with A/S Norske Shell as the operator. Due to technical challenges, the emission of NOx is higher than expected ac- cording to originally design.
In 2008 A/S Norske Shell initiated an environmental monitoring programme related to possible ef- fects from emissions to air on vulnerable habitats (Aarrestad et al. 2009). Two monitoring localities were established, one with potentially relatively high N-depositions north of the plant at Gule-Sta- vikmyran Nature Reserve in Fræna municipality (locality Gulmyran) and one to the south on the is- land Gossa with less deposition (locality Aukra) (McInnes et al. 2008) (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Map of the monitoring localities Aukra and Gulmyran. The Ormen Lange Processing Plant is situated at Nyhamna.
The monitoring program integrates analyses in permanent plots of species composition of ground vegetation, plant growth and chemical contents of soil, peat humus, peat water and plants in two different habitats, 1) wet oligotrophic heathland and 2) raised bogs, including hummocks and lawns. The baseline study for the monitoring project was carried out by NINA in 2008 (Aarrestad et al. 2009). A full re-analysis was carried out in 2010 (Aarrestad et al. 2011), and a new re-analysis is
4 NINA Minirapport 519 planned in 2015. Maintenance of the monitoring localities and measurements of plant growth of red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) have been carried out each year from 2009 to 2014 (Aarrestad & Bakkestuen 2009, 2012; Aarrestad et al. 2013, 2014).
In 2012 the yearly analyses were expanded to cover chemical analyses of peat humus and peat water, using the same methods as done in the full analyses in 2008 and 2010. In 2013 the number of replicates of plant growth measurements of red bog moss and chemical analyses of peat water were extended to meet the requirement for more reliable statistical analyses. In addition plant avail- able nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) in peat humus were analysed.
This report sums up the results from the yearly analyses from 2008 to 2014, related to the plant growth study of red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) and the chemical analyses of peat water and peat humus. Changes in monitored variables are discussed. Values of measured variables in 2014 are attached.
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2 Maintenance of the monitoring localities in 2014
The permanent marking of the plots was, as earlier years, much more affected by deer at Aukra than at Gulmyran, indicating a higher deer population at Aukra. Damaged and missing markers were replaced. The vegetation within the permanent plots for analyses of species composition was not disturbed.
3 Plant growth of red bog moss
3.1 Methods
In 2008 twenty individuals of the red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) were marked for repeated measurements of plant growth at both localities (Figure 2). The individuals were marked with a pin on the ground and the plant growth was measured by the “crancked wire” method (for detailed methods see Aarrestad et al. 2009). Each year some plots are lost due to trampling by animals, and new plots have been established. In 2013 five new individuals were marked on each locality, mak- ing a number of 25 individuals per locality for reanalyses in 2014.
Figure 2. Measurements of plant growth of red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium), with bended steel wire.
3.2 Results
There was a significant decrease in average length growth of the bog moss (Sphagnum capilli- folium) from 2008 to 2013 at both localities (p = 0.002, two-way ANOVA), but no significant differ- ences between the localities (Figure 3). However, there is a small trend that the average yearly growth from 2008 to 2014 was slightly higher at Aukra than at Gulmyran, 0.75 cm and 0.67 cm re- spectively. In 2014 the average growth increased on both localities, 0.72 cm and 0.79 cm respec- tively.
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Sphagnum capillifolium 1,6 1,4 1,2 2008‐2009 1 2009‐2010 0,8 2010‐2011 cm 0,6 2011‐2012 0,4 2012‐2013 0,2 2013‐2014 0 Aukra Gulmyran
Figure 3. Average yearly growth of red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) from 2008 to 2014 at the two monitoring localities Aukra and Gulmyran, with standard deviation. (Aukra 2008 - 2009: n = 16, 2009 - 2010: n = 16, 2010 - 2011: n = 14, 2011 - 2012: n = 15, 2012 - 2013: n = 14, 2013 - 2014: n = 21.Gulmyran 2008 - 2009: n = 17, 2009 - 2010: n = 19, 2010 - 2011: n = 19, 2011 - 2012: n = 17, 2012 - 2013: n = 18, 2013 - 2014 n = 23.
4 Chemical characteristics of peat water
4.1 Methods
Five peat water samples were collected from pools in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012 and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at both localities (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Site for vegetation analysis and sampling of peat water at Gulmyran,
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The samples were collected from the same pools as previous years, except in 2012 when some plots were drained out, due to a long period with low precipitation in front of the sampling. New samples were then taken from the nearest pool of the original pool. The samples were analysed for water + conductivity, pH, elements, nitrogen (N) as ammonium-N (NH4 -N) and total N, according to methods in Ogner et al. (1999) at the Norwegian Institute for Forest and Landscape.
The heavy metals lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cupper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were measured at The Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) according to the NILU-U-100 method, and mercury (Hg) by use of the NILU-U-60 method (Aarrestad et al. 2009). In 2008 and 2010 the samples of Hg were analysed with CV-AFS technique, and in 2012, 2013 and 2014 with ICP-MS technique.
4.2 Results
Conductivity of peat water The average conductivity of peat water has increased from 2008 to 2014 and the value is highest at Aukra (Figure 5).The differences in average conductivity between the localities and between years are highly significant (p<0.001, two-way ANOVA).
Conductivity of peat water 140 120 100 80 Aukra
µS/cm 60 Gulmyran 40 20 0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 5. Average conductivity values of peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
pH in peat water The pH-measurements reflect a relatively acidic environment with a variation in average pH from 4.3 to 4.9 (Figure 6). The average pH of peat water has decreased on both localities from 2008 to 2014, and the value is lowest at Aukra all years (p<0.001 between localities and years, two-way ANOVA). However, the decrease is very small, 0.14 pH units on both localities.
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pH of peat water 4,9 4,8 4,7 4,6 4,5 Aukra pH 4,4 Gulmyran 4,3 4,2 4,1 4 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 6. Average pH values of peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
Ammonium-N in peat water The average concentrations of ammonium-N in peat water have varied since the start-up of the pro- cessing plant. The values are very low on both localities, almost down to detection levels of the analysis (Figure 7). In 2012 there was a significant increase of ammonium in peat water at Gulmy- ran (p<0.05, pairwise Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for dependent samples). The differences is highly dependent on both localities and years (p<0.001, two-way ANOVA).
NH4‐N in peat water 0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4 Aukra mg/l 0,3 Gulmyran 0,2
0,1
0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
+ Figure 7. Average values of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 -N) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
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Total N in peat water As for ammonium-N, the average values of total N in peat water are very small and they show minor changes over the analysed period, except in 2012, when the average value at Gulmyran increased (Figure 8). However, the increase this year was not statistically significant, due to a few samples with high N values and high variations in values from the same plots between years (pairwise Wil- coxon Signed Rank Test for dependent samples).
Total N in peat water 1,2
1
0,8
0,6 Aukra mg/l Gulmyran 0,4
0,2
0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 8. Average values of total nitrogen (N) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
S in peat water The sulphur (S) content of peat water at Aukra and Gulmyran shows very small changes from 2008 to 2014. However, there was a significant increase at Aukra from 2013 to 2014 (p= 0.01, pairwise Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for dependent samples) (Figure 9).
S in peat water 1,2
1
0,8
0,6 Aukra mg/l Gulmyran 0,4
0,2
0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 9. Average values of sulphur (S) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
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Fe and Al in peat water There is a relatively big difference in the average values of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) in peat wa- ter between the two localities, with the highest concentrations in samples from Aukra (Figure 10 and 11) (p<0.001 between localities, two-way ANOVA). The average Fe concentrations differ be- tween years at both localities and have increased slightly on both localities since 2008. However, there was no significant change over time between the localities (Figure 10).
Fe in peat water 0,25
0,2
0,15 Aukra mg/l 0,1 Gulmyran
0,05
0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 10. Average values of iron (Fe) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
The Al content in peat water at Gulmyran is very stable (Figure 11), while there is a significant de- crease in the average Al content at Aukra from 2008 to 2014 (p<0.01, pairwise Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for dependent samples).
Al in peat water 0,35 0,3
0,25 0,2 Aukra
mg/l 0,15 Gulmyran 0,1 0,05 0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 11. Average values of aluminium (Al) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008, 10 samples in 2010 and 2012, and 15 samples in 2013 and 2014 at the localities Aukra and Gulmyran.
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Heavy metals in peat water During the period from 2008 to 2014 there have only been minor changes in the average concentra- tions of Pb and Cu in peat water at the two localities, and the concentrations are very low (Figure 12 and 13). Both Pb and Cu are significantly higher at Aukra compared with Gulmyran (p<0.05 and p< 0.001 respectively, two-way ANOVA). The Zn concentrations have varied between years and be- tween localities, especially at Gulmyran. However, the variation cannot be explained neither by local- ities nor years.
Heavy metals in peat water ‐ Aukra 7
6
5
4 Pb
ng/ml 3 Cu Zn 2
1
0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 12. Average values of lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008 and from 10 samples in 2010 - 2014 at Aukra.
Heavy metals in peat water ‐ Gulmyran 8 7 6 5 Pb 4
ng/ml Cu 3 Zn 2 1 0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 13. Average values of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008 and from 10 samples in 2010 - 2014 at Gulmyran.
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The average concentrations of Hg at the two localities are very low, almost down to detection levels for the analysis (Figure 14). However, there has been a significant increase in concentrations from 2008 to 2014 at both localities, with highest values in 2010. In general, the values are slightly higher at Aukra than at Gulmyran (p<0.05 for locality and p< 0.001 for years, two-way ANOVA).
Hg in peat water 2008‐2014 25
20
15 Aukra ng/l 10 Gulmyran
5
0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 14. Average values of mercury (Hg) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008 and from 10 sam- ples in 2010 - 2014 at Aukra and Gulmyran.
In 2008 the values of Ni in peat water were lower than the detection limit for the analysis. Improved analyse technique from 2010 showed significantly higher Ni values at Aukra than at Gulmyran (p<0.001) with significantly decreasing values from 2012 (p<0.005) on both localities (two-way ANOVA, Figure 15).
Ni in peat water 0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2 Aukra ng/l 0,15 Gulmyran 0,1
0,05
0 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 15. Average values of nickel (Ni) in peat water from 5 samples in 2008 and from 10 samples in 2010 - 2014 at Aukra and Gulmyran.
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5 Chemical characteristics of peat humus
5.1 Methods
Heavy metals Five peat humus samples were collected in 2008 and 10 samples in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 from the upper 1 cm of the exposed soil at each locality (Figure 16). The samples were collected from the same plots as previous years. The samples were analysed for the heavy metals: lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cupper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) using the NILU-U-100 method, and for mercury (Hg) by use of the NILU-U-60 method (see Aarrestad et al. 2009a). In 2008 and 2010 the samples of Hg were analysed with CV-AFS technique and in 2012 and 2013 with ICP-MS technique.
Loss-on-ignition, pH and nitrogen components In 2013 and 2014 fifteen peat humus samples from the upper 1 cm of the exposed top soil at each + - locality were analysed for pH, loss-on-ignition (LOI), total N, ammonium (NH4 ) and nitrate (NO3 ), according to methods in Ogner et al. (1999).
Figure 16. Sampling spot for peat humus, exposed to air pollution deposition.
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5.2 Results
Heavy metals in peat humus The average concentrations of Ni and Hg in peat humus are very low at both localities with minor changes between years and between localities (Figure 17 and 18). Pb, Cu and Zn varies somewhat between years and localities, but there is no clear trend over time. As for peat water the content of Cu is significantly higher at Aukra compared with Gulmyran (p<0.001, two-way ANOVA).
Heavy metals in peat humus ‐ Aukra 16 14 12 Pb 10 Ni 8 Cu mg/kg 6 Zn 4 Hg 2 0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 17. Average values of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) in peat humus from 5 samples in 2008 and from 10 samples in 2010 - 2014 at Aukra.
Heavy metals in peat humus ‐ Gulmyran 16 14 12 Pb 10 Ni 8 Cu mg/kg 6 Zn 4 Hg 2 0 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014
Figure 18. Average values of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) in peat humus from 5 samples in 2008 and from 10 samples in 2010 - 2014 at Gulmyran.
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Loss-on-ignition, pH and nitrogen components in peat humus The average LOI of peat humus is significant higher at Gulmyran compared with Aukra (p>0.001, two-way ANOVA). However, the difference is very small (Figure 19).
LOI in peat humus 100 90 80 70 60 2013 % 50 40 2014 30 20 10 0 Aukra Gulmyran
Figure 19. Average values of loss-on-ignition (LOI) from 15 peat humus samples at Aukra and Gulmyran in 2013 and 2014.
The average pH of peat humus is approximately the same at both localities (Figure 20). However, as for pH in peat water, the average pH in peat humus has decreased significantly from 2013 to 2014, with ca. 0.15 pH-units at both localities (p<0.001, two-way ANOVA).
pH in peat humus 4,7 4,6 4,6 4,5 4,5 4,4 2013 pH 4,4 2014 4,3 4,3 4,2 4,2 Aukra Gulmyran
Figure 20. Average values of pH from 15 peat humus samples at Aukra and Gulmyran in 2013 and 2014.
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The average values of total N (Kjeldahl N) are highest at Gulmyran (p<0.001, two-way ANOVA, Fig- ure 21), but there is no significant change in total N from 2013 to 2014 at the localities.
Kjeldahl N in peat humus 1400
1200
1000
800 2013 600 mmol/kg 2014 400
200
0 Aukra Gulmyran
Figure 21. Average values of total nitrogen (Kjeldahl N) from 15 peat humus samples at Aukra and Gulmyran in 2013 and 2014.
The concentrations of ammonium-N in peat humus are very low at both localities (Figure 22) with no significant differences between the two localities and between years.
+ NH4 ‐N in peat humus 2,5
2
1,5 2013
mmol/kg 1 2014
0,5
0 Aukra Gulmyran
+ Figure 22. Average values of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N) from 15 peat humus samples at Aukra and Gulmyran in 2013 and 2014.
All samples had nitrate concentrations below the detection level for the analysis (0.1 mmol/kg).
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6 Discussion and conclusion
The evaluation of possible impacts on the ecosystem from air pollution related to the emissions from the industrial plant is based on changes in the monitored parameters over time between the two localities Aukra (with the assumed lowest deposition of air pollution) and Gulmyran (with the as- sumed highest deposition of air pollution). In this evaluation one has to be aware that the Aukra lo- cality is situated closer to urban areas with higher emissions from settlements and motor traffic and thus has higher background levels of air pollutants. In addition, the measured concentrations of chemical variables in this nutrient-poor environment are very small. Thus, minor year to year changes in natural ecological processes can also affect the variation in yearly concentrations.
6.1 Plant growth
The plant growth study of red peat moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) showed a statistical significant decrease in growth on both localities from 2008 to 2013 and an increase in 2014 at both localities. However, there was no significant change between the localities. Thus, we can assume that the emissions from the processing plant do not affect the growth of red bog moss (Sphagnum capilli- folium). The decrease in plant growth from 2008 to 2013 may be caused by slower growth rate of peat moss tussocks when they are getting older. With several new tussocks established in 2013 there was an increase in average growth at both localities. This increase can partly be an effect of a longer and warmer growing season in 2013-2014 compared with earlier years (cf. results on mosses from the Norwegian terrestrial monitoring program TOV for ground vegetation, Økland et al. (2014)).
6.2 Chemical content of peat water
There is a distinct difference in the chemical characteristics of the peat water between the Aukra and the Gulmyran localities (Figures 5-15). The average values of conductivity, acidity (lower pH), Fe, Al and the heavy metals Pb, Cu and Ni have been highest at Aukra the whole measuring period. This may be due to the urbanisation of the area at Aukra and the management and ecological differ- ences between the two localities. The bog at Aukra has earlier been used for peat extraction, and the peat depth is much smaller than on the less human influenced bog at Gulmyran. This may affect the chemical redox-processes in the peat water under changing water fluctuations, increasing the values of Fe and Al.
LOI It seems like the water conductivity varies between years identically at both localities. This is proba- bly caused by the variation in precipitation in front of the peat water sampling, diluting the concen- trations of iones from humus acids and nutrient elements (Figure 5). E.g. in 2012 there was a pe- riod of dry weather in front of the sampling, and the amount of visual humus in the water was higher than in the previous sampling years. pH pH of peat water has declined from 2012 to 2014 on both localities (Figure 6) indicating a slight acidification of the bog environment around the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant. Since the change is almost identical at both localities, it might be related to the general acidification situation in the area (see pH of peat humus below).
Nitrogen The amount of N in peat water has been relatively stable, except in 2012 when both ammonium-N and total N showed increasing values on the most affected locality Gulmyran, while the average val- ues of the same parameters decreased at the less affected locality Aukra (Figures 7-8). However, in 2013 and 2014 the average values at both localities were almost the same as in 2008, at the start
18 NINA Minirapport 519 of the operation of the processing plant. Thus we can assume that N emissions from the processing plant over time have not affected the peat water N chemistry. The increased values in 2012 may have been caused by differences in the year to year fluctuations in weather conditions in front of the sampling, and by a few extreme values, giving high average values for the locality.
Heavy metals The concentrations of heavy metals in peat water at both localities are very low, almost down to de- tection levels of the analytical technique, reflecting non heavy metal polluted environments (Figures 12-15). For Cu, Pb and Ni the concentrations in peat water has decreased somewhat on both locali- ties, while Hg has increased. The only variables that have shown a considerable variation in aver- age values are Zn and Hg, but there is no clear trend in variation over time. Due to the very low val- ues of heavy metals and relatively small changes between years, there should be no reason to be- lieve that emissions of heavy metals from the processing plant have any biological effect on the bog ecosystem.
6.3 Chemical content of peat humus
As for peat water, the concentrations and variation in time of heavy metals in peat humus are very low at both localities, reflecting minor to non-polluted environments (Figures 17 and 18). The low values of ammonium and nitrate indicate almost no mineralization of the humus and very little avail- able N for the plants, and so far there are no indication that the peat soil at the most polluted site Gulmyran shows any increased eutrophication (Figure 19 and 20).
There is, however, a significant decrease in pH of peat soil at both localities, especially the last years (Figure 20). Together with the decrease of pH measured in peat water this rise the question if there is an ongoing acidification of the bog ecosystem in the area. So far the decrease in pH (in- creased acidity) is very small, and since the change is almost identical on both localities, it might be related to the general acidification situation in the area. However, the assumed deposition levels of air pollutants at Aukra and Gulmyran is based on modelled simulations of emissions levels and pre- vious weather models (McInnes et al. 2008) and not on measured depositions. Thus, there can be great differences in depositions at the two localities from year to year
6.4 Main conclusion
The analyses of plant growth of peat moss and the chemical analyses of peat water and peat hu- mus from 2008 to 2014 show only minor changes in the monitored parameters at the two localities. As a result of the statistically analyses there is no reason to believe that changes in the monitoring parameters so far are induced by the emissions from the industrial plant. However, the significant increase in soil- and soil water acidity (lower pH-values) at the monitoring sites must be further ex- plored in the full reanalysis of the monitoring program in 2015.
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7 References
Aarrestad, P.A., Bakkestuen, V., Stabbetorp, O.E. & Wilmann, B. 2009. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant. Monitoring of vegetation and soil – base- line study 2008. – NINA Report 440. 30 pp. + Attachments. Aarrestad, P.A. & Bakkestuen, V. 2009. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant. Vegetation and soil – annual report 2009 – NINA Minirapport 277. 7pp. Aarrestad, P.A., Bakkestuen, V., Stabbetorp, O.E. & Myklebost, H. 2011. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant and the Reserve Power Plant at Ny- hamna, Gossa. Monitoring of vegetation and soil – re-analyses and establishment of new monitor- ing plots in 2010. – NINA Rapport 690. 60 pp. Aarrestad. P.A. & Bakkestuen, V. 2012. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Pro-cessing Plant and the Reserve Power Plant at Nyhamna, Gossa. Vegetation and soil - Annual report 2011. Plant growth studies 2008 – 2011. - NINA Mini-report 366. 10 pp + Attach- ments. Aarrestad. P.A., Bakkestuen, V. & Myklebost, H. 2013. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant at Nyhamna, Gossa. Vegetation and soil - annual report 2012. Plant growth of red bog moss and chemical content of soil and soil water 2008 – 2012. - NINA Minirapport 440. 20pp. Aarrestad. P.A., Bakkestuen, V. & Myklebost, H. 2014. Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant at Nyhamna, Gossa. Vegetation and soil - annual report 2013. - NINA Minirapport 483. 25pp. McInnes, H., Knudsen, S., Solberg, S., Wathne, B.M., Høgåsen, T., Aarrestad, P.A. & Reitan, O. 2008. Ormen Lange landanlegg. Konsekvenser av utslipp til luft - oppdatering av tidligere rap-port. - NILU OR 4/2008: 46. Ogner, G., Wickstrøm, T., Remedios, G., Gjelsvik, S., Hensel, G.R., Jacobsen, J.E., Olsen, M., Skret- ting, E. & Sørlie, B. 1999. The chemical analysis program of the Norwegian Forest Research Insti- tute 2000. Ås. 23 pp. Økland, T., Aarrestad, P.A., Bakkestuen, V. & Halvorsen, R. 2014. 7 Mengdeendringer for utvalgte plantearter 1988–2013. I Framstad, E. (red.) 2014. Terrestrisk naturovervåking i 2013: Markvege- tasjon, epifytter, smågnagere og fugl. Sammenfatning av resultater. – NINA Rapport 1036. s. 87- 94.
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8 Attachments
Attachment 1. Length growth measurements (cm) of red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) from 2008 - 2014 at Aukra.
Serial Plant growth, Aukra number 2008‐2009 2009‐2010 2010‐2011 2011‐2012 2012‐2013 2013‐2014 1 1,0 0,5 0,4 1,4 0,4 0,1 2 1,1 0,9 0,6 1,6 0,5 2 3 1,1 0,7 0,7 0,2 1,0 0,9 4 1,0 0,9 1,8 0,6 0,2 0,9 5 1,0 1,5 0,9 1,4 0,1 1 6 0,8 0,7 0,2 0,3 0,8 0,4 7 0,9 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,1 0 8 1,0 0,3 0,8 0,3 0,1 0,5 9 1,0 0,6 1,5 0,2 0,1 1,2 10 1,4 0,5 0,9 0,8 0,5 0 11 0,7 1,1 1,2 0,6 0,4 0,5 12 0,2 1,1 1,0 0,9 1,1 1,9 13 0,5 0,9 1,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 14 0,2 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,1 15 1,9 0,3 0,7 0,3 16 0,8 0,2 0,8 17 1,4 18 1,3 19 0,5 20 0,4 21 0,5
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Attachment 2. Length growth measurements (cm) of red bog moss (Sphagnum capillifolium) from 2008 - 2014 at Gulmyran.
Serial Plant growth, Gulmyran number 2008‐2009 2009‐2010 2010‐2011 2011‐2012 2012‐2013 2013‐2014 1 0,7 0,2 0,2 0,8 0,1 2 2 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,5 3 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,0 0,5 4 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,5 1,2 0,4 5 0,6 0,5 1,6 0,8 0,7 1,3 6 0,7 1,0 1,1 0,5 0,1 0,4 7 0,5 0,9 0,6 0,7 1,0 1,8 8 1,2 1,8 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 9 0,9 1,1 0,8 0,4 0,5 0,4 10 1,0 0,8 0,8 0,2 0,2 0,3 11 0,9 1,1 0,4 0,1 0,3 0,9 12 0,4 0,9 0,2 0,8 0,2 1,3 13 0,8 0,7 0,8 0,6 0,3 1,3 14 0,6 0,5 1,2 1,0 1,0 0,9 15 0,3 0,4 0,3 1,0 0,8 0,5 16 0,5 1,8 0,6 0,8 0,5 0,3 17 0,6 1,5 0,7 0,5 0,2 0,3 18 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,5 19 0,9 0,5 0,6 20 0,7 21 1,8 22 0,3 23 0,3
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Attachment 3. Chemical content of peat water at Aukra from 2014. Cond. = conductivity.
Cond. NH4‐N Total N Al Fe S Pb Cu Zn Ni Hg Sample Year (µ/cm) pH (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) H01Auk14 2014 94,5 4,35 0,04 0,33 0,178 0,263 0,897 0,516 0,60 6,06 0,24 16,63 H02Auk14 2014 131,2 4,25 0,07 0,51 0,447 0,171 2,236 0,227 0,47 3,40 0,15 17,06 H03Auk14 2014 109,4 4,30 0,06 0,51 0,359 0,277 1,971 0,447 3,90 5,87 0,28 26,33 H04Auk14 2014 118 4,34 0,18 0,59 0,325 0,304 0,815 0,348 2,74 6,15 0,28 14,27 H05Auk14 2014 98,3 4,28 0,15 0,52 0,175 0,241 0,656 0,306 1,07 4,53 0,16 9,74 H06Auk14 2014 95 4,36 0,21 0,50 0,163 0,222 0,524 0,276 0,98 5,42 0,19 11,23 H07Auk14 2014 99 4,30 0,23 0,55 0,162 0,198 0,588 0,351 0,87 4,57 0,21 13,11 H08Auk14 2014 100,6 4,29 0,18 0,51 0,094 0,155 0,639 0,244 0,34 4,56 0,12 10,66 H09Auk14 2014 95,9 4,27 0,23 0,58 0,118 0,197 0,661 0,374 0,48 5,12 0,18 19,26 H10Auk14 2014 114,2 4,25 0,19 0,67 0,255 0,217 2,296 0,262 0,46 3,26 0,19 15,09 H11Auk14 2014 96 4,28 0,15 0,43 0,158 0,204 0,354 H12Auk14 2014 96,4 4,33 0,28 0,59 0,163 0,207 0,541 H13Auk14 2014 107,2 4,35 0,22 0,56 0,270 0,305 1,084 H14Auk14 2014 98,9 4,32 0,24 0,55 0,208 0,229 0,632 H15Auk14 2014 84,9 4,29 0,36 0,89 0,142 0,302 1,215
Attachment 4. Chemical content of peat water at Gulmyran from 2014. Cond. = conductivity.
Cond. NH4‐N Total N Al Fe S Pb Cu Zn Ni Hg Sample Year (µ/cm) pH (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) T01Gul14 2014 83,6 4,58 0,08 0,27 0,022 0,053 0,785 0,097 0,239 5,389 0,116 5,51 T02Gul14 2014 83,9 4,62 0,05 0,24 0,020 0,052 0,771 0,098 0,120 2,212 0,076 4,01 H03Gul14 2014 86,4 4,56 0,04 0,22 0,038 0,094 0,238 0,287 0,117 12,627 0,081 7,48 H04Gul14 2014 90,8 4,56 0,16 0,42 0,040 0,079 0,377 0,320 0,088 4,576 0,076 19,47 H05Gul14 2014 93,8 4,43 0,05 0,33 0,040 0,055 0,365 0,244 0,165 4,431 0,103 16,62 H06Gul14 2014 99,4 4,36 0,05 0,34 0,043 0,055 0,463 0,272 0,108 11,600 0,053 22,27 H07Gul14 2014 114,2 4,31 0,06 0,44 0,071 0,122 0,605 0,368 0,273 6,369 0,194 33,98 H08Gul14 2014 99,2 4,39 0,05 0,40 0,044 0,063 0,431 0,297 0,115 10,938 0,092 9,60 H09Gul14 2014 97,3 4,43 0,04 0,35 0,043 0,090 0,443 0,286 0,154 10,405 0,096 10,04 H10Gul14 2014 91,6 4,61 0,17 0,42 0,030 0,070 0,450 0,259 0,109 3,055 0,070 15,43 H11Gul14 2014 96,5 4,41 0,05 0,30 0,041 0,072 0,407 H12Gul14 2014 96,6 4,43 0,08 0,36 0,042 0,070 0,391 H13Gul14 2014 97,8 4,26 0,06 0,39 0,102 0,086 0,846 H14Gul14 2014 96,3 4,41 0,09 0,36 0,042 0,064 0,407 H15Gul14 2014 88,7 4,56 0,13 0,35 0,036 0,077 0,262
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Attachment 5. Heavy metals in peat humus from 2014 at Aukra.
Sample Year Pb mg/kg Ni mg/kg Cu mg/kg Zn mg/kg Hg mg/kg G01Auk14 2014 10,39 2,97 19,94 14,37 0,131 G02Auk14 2014 4,55 1,91 5,68 12,71 0,110 G03Auk14 2014 9,11 2,13 14,61 16,81 0,121 G04Auk14 2014 11,52 2,03 6,21 15,79 0,153 G05Auk14 2014 13,48 4,10 12,01 20,16 0,286 G06Auk14 2014 9,58 1,84 6,70 15,71 0,172 G07Auk14 2014 7,86 1,50 3,24 13,85 0,253 G08Auk14 2014 12,26 2,31 4,28 15,67 0,120 G09Auk14 2014 4,79 1,08 3,15 7,61 0,094 G10Auk14 2014 6,68 1,87 4,59 9,71 0,106
Attachment 6. Heavy metals in peat humus from 2014 at Gulmyran.
Sample Year Pb mg/kg Ni mg/kg Cu mg/kg Zn mg/kg Hg mg/kg G01Gul14 2014 7,57 2,73 4,82 13,48 0,088 G02Gul14 2014 5,79 1,51 3,59 8,07 0,091 G03Gul14 2014 2,50 1,41 2,47 9,06 0,041 G04Gul14 2014 7,08 2,26 4,23 11,41 0,078 G05Gul14 2014 7,68 3,28 4,53 11,37 0,079 G06Gul14 2014 18,33 2,04 4,80 10,88 0,165 G07Gul14 2014 8,73 2,34 4,93 6,92 0,144 G08Gul14 2014 15,62 3,17 5,01 8,70 0,130 G09Gul14 2014 9,95 1,52 3,67 6,67 0,112 G10Gul14 2014 6,55 2,20 4,52 6,77 0,077
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Attachment 7. Chemical content of peat humus in 2014 at Aukra. LOI = Loss-on-ignition, Kj-N = Kjeldahl nitrogen.
LOI Kj‐N NH4‐N Sample Year %pH mmol/kg mmol/kg G01Auk14 2014 85,82 4,35 1003 1,64 G02Auk14 2014 91,69 4,23 1060 1,93 G03Auk14 2014 89,50 4,30 805 0,60 G04Auk14 2014 92,48 4,27 965 1,12 G05Auk14 2014 94,92 4,38 720 1,34 G06Auk14 2014 90,80 4,56 804 0,83 G07Auk14 2014 93,70 4,33 839 1,28 G08Auk14 2014 87,76 4,44 894 1,45 G09Auk14 2014 92,68 4,42 1070 1,40 G10Auk14 2014 91,74 4,23 937 1,40 G11Auk14 2014 94,33 4,28 1117 0,67 G12Auk14 2014 96,11 4,31 719 0,65 G13Auk14 2014 94,55 4,30 995 0,98 G14Auk14 2014 92,95 4,24 1063 0,59 G15Auk14 2014 86,47 4,50 905 1,73
Attachment 8. Chemical content of peat humus in 2014 at Gulmyran. LOI = Loss-on-ignition, Kj-N = Kjeldahl nitrogen.
LOI Kj‐N NH4‐N Sample Year %pH mmol/kg mmol/kg G01Gul14 2014 95,10 4,17 930 0,64 G02Gul14 2014 95,82 4,28 934 0,63 G03Gul14 2014 94,37 4,28 1073 0,64 G04Gul14 2014 95,97 4,28 908 0,62 G05Gul14 2014 95,09 4,43 997 0,79 G06Gul14 2014 93,23 4,39 1081 0,87 G07Gul14 2014 95,36 4,41 1079 1,00 G08Gul14 2014 91,13 4,41 946 0,76 G09Gul14 2014 96,17 4,40 1057 1,41 G10Gul14 2014 93,68 4,26 1115 1,42 G11Gul14 2014 95,27 4,35 1427 1,78 G12Gul14 2014 94,76 4,32 1322 2,08 G13Gul14 2014 95,55 4,22 966 1,70 G14Gul14 2014 96,09 4,35 768 2,08 G15Gul14 2014 96,07 4,33 971 0,88
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