DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Species of Smythea (Rhamnaceae) from New Guinea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Species of Smythea (Rhamnaceae) from New Guinea Phytotaxa 498 (3): 152–158 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.498.3.1 A new species of Smythea (Rhamnaceae) from New Guinea TIMOTHY M.A. UTTERIDGE1,2 & DANIEL CAHEN1,3 1 Identification & Naming Dept, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK. 2 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-0337 3 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-7092 Abstract A new species of the genus Smythea is described and illustrated from Papua New Guinea. This new taxon, Smythea papuana, is morphologically similar to S. oblongifolia, a species widespread in Malesia reaching the Lesser Sunda Islands and Maluku Islands. It is the first inland species of Smythea in New Guinea to be described – the only other species known to occur on the island is the widely distributed and coastal S. lanceata. An amendment to the key to the genus is provided. Keywords: Rosales, Ventilagineae, Papuasia, Australasia, Malesia, taxonomy, tropical climbers, rainforest Introduction Smythea Seemann (1862: 69) is a genus of 11 species of mostly South-East Asian tropical climbers recently revised by Cahen & Utteridge (2018). Smythea is closely related to Ventilago Gaertner (1788: 223), the only other genus in the tribe Ventilagineae of Rhamnaceae–a strongly supported monophyletic group within the family (Hooker 1862; Richardson et al. 2000a); the tribe is unique in Rhamnaceae in having fruits with a pronounced apical appendage (Richardson et al. 2000b). The delimitation of Smythea was expanded to include all species with a laterally compressed seed chamber and a twisted wing, with several species of Ventilago moving into a slightly enlarged Smythea (Cahen & Utteridge 2018). The genus has a predominantly Old World distribution, but the widespread species S. lanceata (Tul.) Summerhayes (1928: 389), with an inflated fruit and no distinct wing-like appendage, modified for sea/water dispersal, stretches from the Seychelles to the Fiji Islands. Except for the poorly known Smythea poomae Cahen & Utteridge (2018: 21; known from a single collection from Thailand), that also has an inflated fruit and no distinct wing-like appendage, all other species have a more restricted distribution and flattened wings adapted for wind dispersal. In New Guinea, there are eight genera of Rhamnaceae with 23 species (Cámara-Leret et al. 2020) and, currently, Smythea is only represented by the widespread species S. lanceata collected from coastal habitats. The related genus Ventilago has three species in New Guinea (Cahen & Utteridge 2017), but differs in the conspicuously globose seed chamber clearly differentiated from the wing, as opposed to Smythea fruits, which have a laterally compressed seed chamber graduating into the wing (see Cahen & Utteridge 2018: Fig. 1B, D and E for examples). During a visit by the first author to the Australian National Herbarium (CANB), a unique specimen of Smythea was discovered with a flattened, hairy wing, and from an inland rain forest habitat (rather than a coastal area), representing an undescribed species from the island. This species is clearly a member of Smythea, as delimited by Cahen & Utteridge (2018), because of the combination of the following characters: asymmetric leaf base (Ventilago base usually symmetrical), leaf margins toothed (Ventilago margins often entire), flowers borne in fascicles in axils of persistent leaves (Ventilago mostly with flowers arranged in leafless inflorescences), conspicuous domatia in the leaf axils (rare in Ventilago), the fruit with a laterally compressed seed chamber graduating into the wing (Ventilago with a globose seed chamber) and the wing somewhat twisted at the base (Ventilago fruit wings not twisted). New Guinea remains one of the most poorly collected tropical areas in the world (Middleton et al. 2019), and one of the largest remaining wilderness areas on the planet (Mittermeier et al. 2003). Although identified as having the world’s richest island flora (with 13,634 species), Cámara-Leret et al. (2020), in their recent expert-verified checklist, show that collecting effort is still low and that at least 3,000 additional species remain to be described from New Accepted by Leandro Pederneiras: 14 Apr. 2021; published: 30 Apr. 2021 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-N.C. 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Guinea. The Australian National Herbarium (CANB) is particularly important for understanding the plant diversity of New Guinea as it holds significant collections of New Guinea material, especially the ‘top set’ of specimens collected during land use surveys conducted during the 1950–1970s by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea (see Keig et al. 2019a, b), and some specimens were unicates not distributed outside CANB, including the specimen studied here (see also Utteridge & Lepschi 2020). Further collecting is needed throughout the island, even in the better collected regions of Papua New Guinea, and this collection is from the Sohe District in northern Oro Province with some of the lowest collecting densities in the region (with grid cell squares having only 25–100 specimens per 25 × 25 km, see Cámara-Leret et al. 2020: Fig. 1a). Materials and methods Identification of the new species was undertaken with the use of relevant literature including Banerjee & Mukherjee (1969, 1970), Cahen & Utteridge (2017, 2018) and Lauterbach (1922). Specimens of the genus from Malesia, including types of similar taxa, were studied at CANB and K, and specimen images were consulted from Global Plants JSTOR (http://plants. jstor.org/ - coverage includes A, B, BM, BR, BRI, P, etc.) and the BioPortal of Naturalis Biodiversity Center (http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/ - coverage includes L, U and WAG). All measurements were taken from dried specimens. Photographs were taken using a Leica MZ12 fitted with a ToupCam XCAM Full HD Camera. The preliminary conservation status is proposed in accordance with the IUCN Red List Category Criteria (IUCN 2012). Taxonomic treatment Smythea papuana Utteridge & Cahen sp. nov. Most like Smythea bombaiensis (Dalzell) Banerjee & Mukherjee (1970: 214) in having leaves with conspicuous domatia in the secondary vein axils and fruits with a densely hairy wing but differs in the branchlets with a majority of hairs spreading (vs .majority of hairs appressed in S. bombaiensis), leaf margins obscurely serrulate appearing almost entire (vs conspicuously serrate) and 5–7 pairs of secondary veins (vs 3–5 [– 6] pairs). Also similar to the nearer occurring S. oblongifolia (Blume) Cahen & Utteridge (2018: 18) on account of the same characters (domatia and hairy fruits) but differs again in leaf margins obscurely serrulate appearing almost entire (vs conspicuously serrate) but also in having secondary veins diverging from the primary vein at usually 35–45º (vs c. 20–35°) and the flowers in the axils of persistent leaves (vs in leafless racemes and panicles in S. oblongifolia). Type:—PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Northern Div. [Oro Province], ca 1 km N of Oitatandi village [8°36’S 147°57’E], alt. ca 25 m, 19 Aug. 1953 (fr.), Hoogland 3685 (holotype: CANB acc. no. 74365!; isotype: LAE n.v.). Climber in ‘ca 20 m high tree’. Indumentum dense on all parts except lamina; hairs spreading, short, fulvous on branchlets, inflorescence and fruits, hairs appressed, longer and pale yellow-brown on leaves and petioles. Branches smooth, dark grey, with narrow longitudinal cracks; branchlets slightly ridged. Stipules early caducous. Leaves: lamina elliptic, 8.8–10 cm × 3.8–4 cm, chartaceous-subcoriaceous, apex acute, mucronulate, base asymmetric, rounded to broadly cuneate, margins obscurely serrulate appearing almost entire, serrations topped by callosities; lamina glabrous on both surfaces; primary vein prominent abaxially, sparsely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially; secondary veins 5–7 pairs, prominent abaxially, remaining separate near margin or indistinctly connected by secondary vein branches and forming weak loops near leaf margin, angle of divergence from primary vein usually 35–45º, glabrous or very sparsely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially; tertiary veins slightly ascending from primary vein, spaced every c. 0.5 mm; reticulations distinct on either side of lamina; venation glabrous abaxially except for domatia and the primary vein, glabrous on the adaxial side; domatia conspicuous, in secondary vein axils, appearing as the abaxial lamina slightly pitted and densely covered by fulvous hairs on adjacent venation; petiole 3–4 mm long, sparsely appressed hairy. Inflorescence of fascicles in the axils of persistent leaves; flowers unknown. Fruit narrowly elliptic-oblong and wing-like, 6–7.2 × 1.2–1.4 cm, wing slightly twisted near base, apex obtuse-rounded; hairs dense, especially near base of wing, ginger-brown; persistent calyx at base of fruit longitudinally ridged, sparsely hairy. Figs. 1 & 2. A NEW SPECIES OF SMYTHEA (RHAMNACEAE) Phytotaxa 498 (3) © 2021 Magnolia Press • 153 FIGURE 1. Smythea papuana. Image of the holotype Hoogland 3685 (CANB 74365). 154 • Phytotaxa 498 (3) © 2021 Magnolia Press UTTERIDGE & CAHEN FIGURE 2. Smythea papuana, key diagnostic morphological characters. A unequal leaf base; B axillary domatia; C obscurely serrulate leaf margins (abaxial view); D base of fruit showing sparsely hairy persistent calyx and the densely
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biology of Leaf Gall-Inducing Thlibothrips Manipurenis Muraleedharan, 1982 on Ardisia Sp
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 62 Autor(en)/Author(s): Taptamani Heishnam, Varatharajan Rameiyer, Raman A. Artikel/Article: Biology of leaf gall-inducing Thlibothrips manipurenis Muraleedharan, 1982 on Ardisia sp. (Myrsinaceae) in north-eastern India (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae). 69-76 ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ Beitr. Ent. Keltern ISSN 0005 - 805X 62 (2012) 1 S. 69 - 76 15.05.2012 Biology of leaf gall-inducingThlibothrips manipurenis Muraleedharan, 1982 onA rdisia sp. (Myrsinaceae) in north­ eastern India (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) With 11 figures Heishnam Taptamani, Ramaiyer VAratharajan and A nantanarayanan Raman Summary Biology of the epiphyllous roll-gall-inducing Thlibothrips manipurensis was studied on Ardisia sp. under laboratory conditions. T manipurensis laid eggs linearly along the margins of tender leaves. Eggs hatched in 6.8 d and the larval duration was 3.4 and 8.2 d for larvae I and II, respectively. After 20.2 h as prepupa, T manipurensis grew into pupa; adult emergence occurred in 4 d. Each female laid 34±7 eggs and the mean longevity of the adult was 10.2 d. Increase in thrips numbers correlated with the age of the gall: 15 individ- uals/gall occurred in young (4—10 d) galls, whereas 28 occurred in mature (20 d) galls, and 36 in old (25 d) galls. Male-female ratio in old galls was 1:5. Mature galls included a homogeneous tissue structure, made of 12-15 layers of parenchyma cells with no distinction into spongy and palisade cells.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Costion Plant Endemism 133-166 PROOFS
    Micronesica 41(1): 131–164, 2009 Plant Endemism, Rarity, and Threat in Palau, Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Preliminary Red List Assessment 1 CRAIG M. COSTION Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5001 [email protected] ANN HILLMANN KITALONG The Environment, Inc., P.O. Box 1696, Koror, Palau 96940 TARITA HOLM Palau Conservation Society/PALARIS, P.O. Box 1811, Koror, Palau, 96940 Abstract—An official checklist of the endemic plant species of Palau has been long awaited, and is presented here for the first time. For each species a substrate limitation, growth form, and relative abundance is listed. In addition an IUCN red list assessment was conducted using all available data. For over half of the endemic species there is insufficient data to provide a red listing status however an expected minimum number of threatened plants out of the total is inferred. Approximately 15% of Palau’s endemic plants are believed to be only known from the type collection and many more only known from a few collections. These taxa however may now be prioritized and targeted for future inventory and research. The taxonomic robustness of several of these taxa is questionable and it is expected that more endemic species will be lost to synonymy in the future. Previous estimations have significantly over-estimated the rate of plant endemism in Palau (e.g., 194). Here, 130 plants are recognized for Palau, making its level of plant endem- ism comparable to some of its neighboring Micronesian islands to the east, notably Guam and Pohnpei.
    [Show full text]
  • Kew Science Publications for the Academic Year 2017–18
    KEW SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017–18 FOR THE ACADEMIC Kew Science Publications kew.org For the academic year 2017–18 ¥ Z i 9E ' ' . -,i,c-"'.'f'l] Foreword Kew’s mission is to be a global resource in We present these publications under the four plant and fungal knowledge. Kew currently has key questions set out in Kew’s Science Strategy over 300 scientists undertaking collection- 2015–2020: based research and collaborating with more than 400 organisations in over 100 countries What plants and fungi occur to deliver this mission. The knowledge obtained 1 on Earth and how is this from this research is disseminated in a number diversity distributed? p2 of different ways from annual reports (e.g. stateoftheworldsplants.org) and web-based What drivers and processes portals (e.g. plantsoftheworldonline.org) to 2 underpin global plant and academic papers. fungal diversity? p32 In the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous What plant and fungal diversity is national and international research partners, 3 under threat and what needs to be published 358 papers in international peer conserved to provide resilience reviewed journals and books. Here we bring to global change? p54 together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have Which plants and fungi contribute to included only those which are led by a Kew 4 important ecosystem services, scientist; a full list of publications, however, can sustainable livelihoods and natural be found at kew.org/publications capital and how do we manage them? p72 * Indicates Kew staff or research associate authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribe Species Secretory Structure Compounds Organ References Incerteae Sedis Alphitonia Sp. Epidermis, Idioblasts, Cavities
    Table S1. List of secretory structures found in Rhamanaceae (excluding the nectaries), showing the compounds and organ of occurrence. Data extracted from the literature and from the present study (species in bold). * The mucilaginous ducts, when present in the leaves, always occur in the collenchyma of the veins, except in Maesopsis, where they also occur in the phloem. Tribe Species Secretory structure Compounds Organ References Epidermis, idioblasts, Alphitonia sp. Mucilage Leaf (blade, petiole) 12, 13 cavities, ducts Epidermis, ducts, Alphitonia excelsa Mucilage, terpenes Flower, leaf (blade) 10, 24 osmophores Glandular leaf-teeth, Flower, leaf (blade, Ceanothus sp. Epidermis, hypodermis, Mucilage, tannins 12, 13, 46, 73 petiole) idioblasts, colleters Ceanothus americanus Idioblasts Mucilage Leaf (blade, petiole), stem 74 Ceanothus buxifolius Epidermis, idioblasts Mucilage, tannins Leaf (blade) 10 Ceanothus caeruleus Idioblasts Tannins Leaf (blade) 10 Incerteae sedis Ceanothus cordulatus Epidermis, idioblasts Mucilage, tannins Leaf (blade) 10 Ceanothus crassifolius Epidermis; hypodermis Mucilage, tannins Leaf (blade) 10, 12 Ceanothus cuneatus Epidermis Mucilage Leaf (blade) 10 Glandular leaf-teeth Ceanothus dentatus Lipids, flavonoids Leaf (blade) (trichomes) 60 Glandular leaf-teeth Ceanothus foliosus Lipids, flavonoids Leaf (blade) (trichomes) 60 Glandular leaf-teeth Ceanothus hearstiorum Lipids, flavonoids Leaf (blade) (trichomes) 60 Ceanothus herbaceus Idioblasts Mucilage Leaf (blade, petiole), stem 74 Glandular leaf-teeth Ceanothus
    [Show full text]
  • PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING and GC-MS ANALYSIS of N-HEXANE/ETHYL ACETATE LEAF EXTRACT of VENTILAGO DENTICULATA WILLD
    Research Article Copy Right ©KY Publications Journal of Advanced Studies in Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Sciences (JABE) www.jabe.in A Peer Reviewed & Refereed, International Open Access Journal Vol.4.Issue.2.2017 (April-June) ISSN:2455-0221(P), 2394-2606(O) PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF n-HEXANE/ETHYL ACETATE LEAF EXTRACT OF VENTILAGO DENTICULATA WILLD KONGARA SHOBHA RANI Lecturer in Chemistry, VSR & NVR College, Tenali, Guntur Dist. AP, India ABSTRACT In the present research work the phytochemical analysis on leafs of Ventilago denticulata Willd was carried out. The leaves indicated the presence of Steroids, resins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, reducing sugar, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids, acidic compounds, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids. In the GC-MS analysis of the Ventilago denticulata Willd extract result shows the presence of 14 compounds in the leaf extract by comparing their retention time and by interpretation of their mass spectra. The extracts of Ventilago denticulata Willd leaves have a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity and support the traditional use of these plants as medicines. This study also helped to identify the formula and structure of biomolecules which can be used as drugs. Key words: Ventilago denticulata Willd, phytochemical screening, anti- bacterial activity, gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. INTRODUCTION India is known for its wealth of medicinal plants which are found in its diverse climatic and physiographic conditions. Medicinal plants are widely used for the management of different disease conditions and to play a beneficial role in human health1,2. Plant derived drugs have a market of about 20 billion annually in the United State alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Species of Ventilago (Rhamnaceae) from South-East Asia
    Phytotaxa 307 (3): 171–182 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.1 Three new species of Ventilago (Rhamnaceae) from South-East Asia DANIEL CAHEN1, 2 & TIMOTHY M.A. UTTERIDGE2 1Université de Strasbourg, Life Sciences Faculty, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Herbarium, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Three new species of Ventilago from Malesia are described and illustrated here: V. crenata from New Guinea, V. ferruginea from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra and V. flavovirens from Borneo. The morphology of V. dichotoma, V. ferruginea and V. flavovirens is compared, and a key to the Ventilago species of Borneo is presented. An IUCN conservation status assessment is given for each new species. Key Words: Malesia, Smythea, South-East Asia, systematics, taxonomy, tropical climbers, Ventilagineae Introduction Ventilago Gaertner (1788: 223) is a genus of ca. 30 species of Old World tropical climbing shrubs, lianas and, rarely, small trees. Members of Ventilago are easily recognised by their fruits having an oblong wing-like apical appendage above a conspicuously globose seed chamber (Weberbauer 1895, Suessenguth 1953, Banerjee & Mukherjee 1970). Gaertner’s description of the genus was based on specimens from the collection of Joseph Banks and on Funis viminalis described by Rumphius (1747: 3, t. 2), and the generic name is very likely a reference to the anemochorous winged fruits. Ventilago is closely related to Smythea Seemann (1862: 69), a group of 11 species of mostly South-East Asian tropical climbers whose fruits differ in their flattened and elongated seed chamber (Weberbauer 1895, Suessenguth 1953, Banerjee & Mukherjee 1970, Cahen & Utteridge, in press).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Flora of Australia
    L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Ecosystems of Myanmar
    Threatened ecosystems of Myanmar An IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Assessment Nicholas J. Murray, David A. Keith, Robert Tizard, Adam Duncan, Win Thuya Htut, Nyan Hlaing, Aung Htat Oo, Kyaw Zay Ya and Hedley Grantham 2020 | Version 1.0 Threatened Ecosystems of Myanmar. An IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Assessment. Version 1.0. Murray, N.J., Keith, D.A., Tizard, R., Duncan, A., Htut, W.T., Hlaing, N., Oo, A.H., Ya, K.Z., Grantham, H. License This document is an open access publication licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non- commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors: Nicholas J. Murray University of New South Wales and James Cook University, Australia David A. Keith University of New South Wales, Australia Robert Tizard Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Adam Duncan Wildlife Conservation Society, Canada Nyan Hlaing Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Win Thuya Htut Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Aung Htat Oo Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Kyaw Zay Ya Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Hedley Grantham Wildlife Conservation Society, Australia Citation: Murray, N.J., Keith, D.A., Tizard, R., Duncan, A., Htut, W.T., Hlaing, N., Oo, A.H., Ya, K.Z., Grantham, H. (2020) Threatened Ecosystems of Myanmar. An IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Assessment. Version 1.0. Wildlife Conservation Society. ISBN: 978-0-9903852-5-7 DOI 10.19121/2019.Report.37457 ISBN 978-0-9903852-5-7 Cover photos: © Nicholas J. Murray, Hedley Grantham, Robert Tizard Numerous experts from around the world participated in the development of the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems of Myanmar. The complete list of contributors is located in Appendix 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong (China) Being an Account of The
    ASIA Oldtnell Htttneraity ffitbrarg CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT OF CHARLES WILLIAM WASON CLASS OF 1876 1918 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 073 202 933 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924073202933 P.EW Bulletin, Add. Series X 762, 1-30 bSI^11/ 73. SOD-IOJI- To -filce. page- 1 . J [All Bights Reserved.] EOYAL BOTMIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS INEOEIATIOK ADDITIONAL SERIES X. ELORA OE KWAiaTUia AO H0I&K0I6- (OHIIA) BEING AN ACCOUNT OP THE FLOWERING PLA.NTS, FERNS AND FERN ALLIES TOGETHER WITH KEYS FOR THEIR DETERMINATION PRECEDED BY A MAP AND INTRODTJCTrON, BY STEPHEN TROYTE DUNN, B.A., F.L.S., sometime Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department, Hongkong ; AND WILLIAM JAMES TUTCHER, F.L.S., Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department, Hongkong. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from WjifMAN AND SONS, Ltd., Feitbr Lane, E.G.; or OLIVER AND BOYD, Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh; or E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Graeton Street, Dublin. printed by DARLING AND SON, Ltd., Bacon Street, E. 1912. Price is. 6d. G: PREFACE. The first and, up till now, the only work by which plants from any part of the Celestial Empire could be identified was Bentham's Flora Hongkongensis published in 1861. This Flora dealt only with the small island of Hongkong on the S.E.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Costion Plant Endemism 133-166 PROOFS
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265109793 Plant Endemism, Rarity, and Threat in Palau, Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Preliminary Red List Assessment Article in Micronesica · January 2009 CITATIONS READS 8 178 3 authors, including: Craig Costion Ann Kitalong Smithsonian Institution Independent Researcher 38 PUBLICATIONS 263 CITATIONS 18 PUBLICATIONS 52 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The Environment, Inc. and Belau National Museum Herbarium View project The Environment Inc View project All content following this page was uploaded by Craig Costion on 24 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Micronesica 41(1): 131–164, 2009 Plant Endemism, Rarity, and Threat in Palau, Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Preliminary Red List Assessment 1 CRAIG M. COSTION Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5001 [email protected] ANN HILLMANN KITALONG The Environment, Inc., P.O. Box 1696, Koror, Palau 96940 TARITA HOLM Palau Conservation Society/PALARIS, P.O. Box 1811, Koror, Palau, 96940 Abstract—An official checklist of the endemic plant species of Palau has been long awaited, and is presented here for the first time. For each species a substrate limitation, growth form, and relative abundance is listed. In addition an IUCN red list assessment was conducted using all available data. For over half of the endemic species there is insufficient data to provide a red listing status however an expected minimum number of threatened plants out of the total is inferred.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Creeper): a Review
    International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ISSN- 0975-7066 Vol 8, Issue 1, 2016 Review Article ETHNOBOTANICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMCEUTICAL STUDIES OF MEDICINAL PLANT, VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA GAERTN (RED CREEPER): A REVIEW KARUPPANNAN PERIYASAMY*, SARAVANAN KALIYAPERUMAL PG and Research Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti 621007, Musiri Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India Email: [email protected] Received: 14 Oct 2015, Revised and Accepted: 22 Dec 2015 ABSTRACT Traditional plant therapies increasing in recent decade has a new wave of the research interest in plant kingdom. Scientific studies on a number of medicinal plants indicate that promising phytochemical compounds can be developed new drugs for many health problems. Ventilago maderaspatana (Red creeper) is medicinal plant traditionally used for the control of various diseases such as dyspepsia, leprosy, puruitis, etc. Chemical studies have shown that, stem bark contains Flavonoids, tannins etc. Some parts of its phytochemicals possess anticancer, antidiabetics and antiulcers activities. Thus, the present review made an attempt to highlight the ethno botanical and traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological studies on V. maderaspatana and it will help to develop new ailments for the treatment of various diseases. Keywords: Ventilago maderaspatana, Ethnobotany, Pharmaceutical, Phytochemical, Pharmacology. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) INTRODUCTION Class: Magnoliopsida Plants have been used by the human beings since time immemorial. Sub class: Rosidae Plants are significant sources of medicines that are used in the treatment of various categories of human diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-Winged Fruits
    Bot. Rev. (2010) 76:1–82 DOI 10.1007/s12229-010-9041-0 Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-winged Fruits Steven R. Manchester1,2 & Elizabeth L. O’Leary1 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA 2 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 9 March 2010 # The New York Botanical Garden 2010 Abstract Fin-winged fruits have two or more wings aligned with the longitudinal axis like the feathers of an arrow, as exemplified by Combretum, Halesia,andPtelea. Such fruits vary in dispersal mode from those in which the fruit itself is the ultimate disseminule, to schizocarps dispersing two or more mericarps, to capsules releasing multiple seeds. At least 45 families and more than 140 genera are known to possess fin-winged fruits. We present an inventory of these taxa and describe their morphological characters as an aid for the identification and phylogenetic assessment of fossil and extant genera. Such fruits are most prevalent among Eudicots, but occur occasionally in Magnoliids (Hernandiaceae: Illigera) and Monocots (Burmannia, Dioscorea, Herreria). Although convergent in general form, fin-winged fruits of different genera can be distinguished by details of the wing number, texture, shape and venation, along with characters of persistent floral parts and dehiscence mode. Families having genera with fin-winged fruits and epigynous perianth include Aizoaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Burmanniaceae, Combre- taceae, Cucurbitaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Haloragaceae, Lecythidiaceae, Lophopyxida- ceae, Loranthaceae, and Styracaceae. Families with genera having fin-winged fruits and hypogynous perianth include Achariaceae, Brassicaceae, Burseraceae, Celastra- ceae, Cunoniaceae, Cyrillaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Melianthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Pedaliaceae, Polygalaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, Salicaceae sl, Sapindaceae, Simaroubaceae, Trigoniaceae, and Zygophyllaceae.
    [Show full text]