Private Actions for Damages Resulting from Offshore Oil Pollution
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Is Colonic Propionate Delivery a Novel Solution to Improve Metabolism and Inflammation in Overweight Or Obese Subjects?
Commentary in IgG levels in IPE-treated subjects versus Is colonic propionate delivery a novel those receiving cellulose supplementa- tion. This interesting discovery is the Gut: first published as 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318776 on 26 April 2019. Downloaded from solution to improve metabolism and first evidence in humans that promoting the delivery of propionate in the colon inflammation in overweight or may affect adaptive immunity. It is worth noting that previous preclinical and clin- obese subjects? ical data have shown that supplementation with inulin-type fructans was associated 1,2 with a lower inflammatory tone and a Patrice D Cani reinforcement of the gut barrier.7 8 Never- theless, it remains unknown if these effects Increased intake of dietary fibre has been was the lack of evidence that the observed are directly linked with the production of linked to beneficial impacts on health for effects were due to the presence of inulin propionate, changes in the proportion of decades. Strikingly, the exact mechanisms itself on IPE or the delivery of propionate the overall levels of SCFAs, or the pres- of action are not yet fully understood. into the colon. ence of any other bacterial metabolites. Among the different families of fibres, In GUT, Chambers and colleagues Alongside the changes in the levels prebiotics have gained attention mainly addressed this gap of knowledge and of SCFAs, plasma metabolome analysis because of their capacity to selectively expanded on their previous findings.6 For revealed that each of the supplementa- modulate the gut microbiota composition 42 days, they investigated the impact of tion periods was correlated with different 1 and promote health benefits. -
Environmental Effects
Environmental effects Main article: Environmental impact of the petroleum industry Diesel fuel spill on a road Because petroleum is a naturally occurring substance, its presence in the environment need not be the result of human causes such as accidents and routine activities (seismic exploration, drilling, extraction, refining and combustion). Phenomena such as seeps[83] and tar pits are examples of areas that petroleum affects without man's involvement. Regardless of source, petroleum's effects when released into the environment are similar. Ocean acidification Seawater acidification Ocean acidification is the increase in the acidity of the Earth's oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This increase in acidity inhibits all marine life – having a greater impact on smaller organisms as well as shelled organisms (see scallops).[84] Global warming When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Along with the burning of coal, petroleum combustion may be the largest contributor to the increase in atmospheric CO2. Atmospheric CO2 has risen over the last 150 years to current levels of over 390 ppmv, from the 180 – 300 ppmv of the prior 800 thousand years[85][86][87] This rise in temperature may have reduced the Arctic ice cap to 1,100,000 sq mi (2,800,000 km2), smaller than ever recorded.[88] Because of this melt, more oil reserves have been revealed. It is estimated by the International Energy Agency that about 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil resides in the Arctic.[89] Extraction Oil extraction is simply the removal of oil from the reservoir (oil pool). -
The Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) Transition
Copyright by David Samuel Simmons 2009 The Dissertation Committee for David Samuel Simmons certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Phase and Conformational Behavior of LCST-Driven Stimuli Responsive Polymers Committee: ______________________________ Isaac Sanchez, Supervisor ______________________________ Nicholas Peppas ______________________________ Krishnendu Roy ______________________________ Venkat Ganesan ______________________________ Thomas Truskett Phase and Conformational Behavior of LCST-Driven Stimuli Responsive Polymers by David Samuel Simmons, B.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December, 2009 To my grandfather, who made me an engineer before I knew the word and to my wife, Carey, for being my partner on my good days and bad. Acknowledgements I am extraordinarily fortunate in the support I have received on the path to this accomplishment. My adviser, Dr. Isaac Sanchez, has made this publication possible with his advice, support, and willingness to field my ideas at random times in the afternoon; he has my deep appreciation for his outstanding guidance. My thanks also go to the members of my Ph.D. committee for their valuable feedback in improving my research and exploring new directions. I am likewise grateful to the other members of Dr. Sanchez’ research group – Xiaoyan Wang, Yingying Jiang, Xiaochu Wang, and Frank Willmore – who have shared their ideas and provided valuable sounding boards for my mine. I would particularly like to express appreciation for Frank’s donation of his own post-graduation time in assisting my research. -
Warfare in a Fragile World: Military Impact on the Human Environment
Recent Slprt•• books World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1979 World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbooks 1968-1979, Cumulative Index Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation Other related •• 8lprt books Ecological Consequences of the Second Ihdochina War Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Environment Publish~d on behalf of SIPRI by Taylor & Francis Ltd 10-14 Macklin Street London WC2B 5NF Distributed in the USA by Crane, Russak & Company Inc 3 East 44th Street New York NY 10017 USA and in Scandinavia by Almqvist & WikseH International PO Box 62 S-101 20 Stockholm Sweden For a complete list of SIPRI publications write to SIPRI Sveavagen 166 , S-113 46 Stockholm Sweden Stoekholol International Peace Research Institute Warfare in a Fragile World Military Impact onthe Human Environment Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of disarmament and arms regulation. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden's 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed by the Swedish Parliament. The staff, the Governing Board and the Scientific Council are international. As a consultative body, the Scientific Council is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. Governing Board Dr Rolf Bjornerstedt, Chairman (Sweden) Professor Robert Neild, Vice-Chairman (United Kingdom) Mr Tim Greve (Norway) Academician Ivan M£ilek (Czechoslovakia) Professor Leo Mates (Yugoslavia) Professor -
Exercise and Cellular Respiration Lab
California State University of Bakersfield, Department of Chemistry Exercise and Cellular Respiration Lab Standards: MS-LS1-7 Develop a model to describe how food is rearranged through chemical reactions forming new molecules that support growth and/or release energy as this matter moves through an organism. Introduction: I. Background Information. Cellular respiration (see chemical reaction below) is a chemical reaction that occurs in your cells to create energy; when you are exercising your muscle cells are creating ATP to contract. Cellular respiration requires oxygen (which is breathed in) and creates carbon dioxide (which is breathed out). This lab will address how exercise (increased muscle activity) affects the rate of cellular respiration. You will measure 3 different indicators of cellular respiration: breathing rate, heart rate, and carbon dioxide production. You will measure these indicators at rest (with no exercise) and after 1 and 2 minutes of exercise. Breathing rate is measured in breaths per minute, heart rate in beats per minute, and carbon dioxide in the time it takes bromothymol blue to change color. Carbon dioxide production can be measured by breathing through a straw into a solution of bromothymol blue (BTB). BTB is an acid indicator; when it reacts with acid it turns from blue to yellow. When carbon dioxide reacts with water, a weak acid (carbonic acid) is formed (see chemical reaction below). The more carbon dioxide you breathe into the BTB solution, the faster it will change color to yellow. The purpose of this lab activity is to analyze the effect of exercise on cellular respiration. Background: I. -
Programa De Manejo De La Zona Costanera
CRÉDITOS Tabla de contenido Y *?HM;D?>?F0?=L?N;LCI>?F!?J;LN;G?HNI>? Fotografías en /?=OLMIM+;NOL;F?MSG<C?HN;F?M portada: Y "F-LIAL;G;>?*;H?DI>?F;7IH; IMN;H?L; Francisco Quintana Alberto Puente La costa Ramón Rivera Y #L?HN?MOL<;HIM=IMN?LIM Cuerpo de Vigilantes Y );AO;L>;LL;S;=IH?FG;L Tomás Carlo Y "RNL;==CoH>?;L?H;?H?FeL?;>?-F;HCV=;=CoH René E. Ramos "MJ?=C;F>?&M;<?F; Y #O?HN?M>CMJ?LM;M>?=IHN;GCH;=CoH Y /?=L?;=CoHSM?AOLC>;> Colección de $Om;M>?;==?MI;F;=IMN; fotos históricas: 0?AOLC>;>G;LmNCG;SH;P?A;=CoH?H-O?LNI/C=I Dr. Boris Oxman Francisco Quintana Y &GJILN;H=C;>?FIM?=IMCMN?G;MG;LCHIM Perspectiva social Y );?>O=;=CoH;G<C?HN;FSF;ILA;HCT;=CoH=IGOHCN;LC; Preparado por: Y nIM>?A?MNCoH;G<C?HN;F División de Zona Costanera, DRNA Y !?LL;G?M>?J?NLoF?I?H?F>?L?=BI;G<C?HN;F Y /?NIMSLC?MAIM?H?FG;H?DI>?F;MiL?;M=IMN?L;M Y "MN;>mMNC=;M>?J?M=;?H-O?LNI/C=I Manejo y conservación Y IHM?LP;=CoHvis;visJL?M?LP;=CoHOH=IG?HN;LCI Y *;H?DI=IGIB?LL;GC?HN;J;L;G?DIL;LF;=;FC>;> >?FIMBOG?>;F?M?H-O?LNI/C=I?F?D?GJFI>?F; /?M?LP;+;NOL;F>?%OG;=;I Y eL?;M*;LCH;M-LIN?AC>;M Y HC>;D?>?F;NILNOA;=;L?S?H&MF;>?*IH; Y );=IHM?LP;=CoHS?FG;H?DI>?F;MCAO;H;MH;NCP;M >?-O?LNI/C=I Publicado en el 2007 Y )CN?L;NOL;=CN;>; Personal del PMZCCTK ;>?L "LH?MNI) !m;T !CL?=NIL 'CHHC?) +C?P?M IIL>CH;>IL;>?7IH; IMN;H?L; +IL; 3C?L; 0?=L?N;LC;>GCHCMNL;NCP; IL;FSM,LNCT CoFIA; #L;H=CM=I' .OCHN;H; IIL>CH;>IL>?7IH; IMN;H?L; &HkM* ;<;FF?LI 0?=L?N;LC;>GCHCMNL;NCP; +IL;) eFP;L?T IIL>CH;>IL;>?7IH; IMN;H?L; /;qF0;HNCHC IIL>CH;>IL>?7IH; IMN;H?L;S"P?FCI' 3;F?CL;M "MJ?=C;FCMN;?H IHMOFN;M Mensaje del Secretario del Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales Nuestras costas son el escenario de algunas de las más productivas interacciones ecológicas y sociales. -
2017 GUIDE to the NIGHT SKY a Month-By-Month Guide to Exploring the Skies Above North America Storm Dunlop and Wil Tirion
ASTRONOMY 2017 GUIDE TO THE NIGHT SKY A Month-by-month Guide to Exploring the Skies Above North America Storm Dunlop and Wil Tirion The ideal resource for all sky events in 2017, including the full solar eclipse. On August 21, 2017, North Americans will have the opportunity to witness a momentous sky event. A total eclipse of the Sun will be visible from within a narrow corridor that traverses the United States. The path of the Moon’s umbral shadow will begin in the northern Pacic and cross the USA from west to east from Oregon to South Carolina. The Moon’s penumbral shadow will produce a partial eclipse visible from most of North America. In fact, the 2017 full eclipse is such an important sky event that sky watchers in Europe are already planning trips to view it. 2017 Guide to the Night Sky provides all of the information needed to view this exciting eclipse and track its path. The time zones and transit of the eclipse will be noted inside the book’s jacket for quick and easy reference. The night sky makes for exciting viewing any time of the year, and 2017 Guide to the Night Sky is the ideal guide to help amateur astronomers nd their way for the entire 12 months. With monthly charts and other diagrams set for a latitude of 40°N, it shows how the visible stars change from month to month and includes the many sky events that FIREFLY BOOKS 96 pages occur throughout the year. It is highly practical for beginning sky gazers 5¾ × 8¼ 978-1-77085-779-7 because the objects and events may be observed with the naked eye, paperback $14.95 color sky maps, tables, or nothing more complicated than a pair of binoculars. -
Brownie's THIRD LUNG
BrMARINEownie GROUP’s Owner’s Manual Variable Speed Hand Carry Hookah Diving System ADVENTURE IS ALWAYS ON THE LINE! VSHCDC Systems This manual is also available online 3001 NW 25th Avenue, Pompano Beach, FL 33069 USA Ph +1.954.462.5570 Fx +1.954.462.6115 www.BrowniesMarineGroup.com CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR PURCHASE OF A BROWNIE’S SYSTEM You now have in your possession the finest, most reliable, surface supplied breathing air system available. The operation is designed with your safety and convenience in mind, and by carefully reading this brief manual you can be assured of many hours of trouble-free enjoyment. READ ALL SAFETY RULES AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL AND FOLLOW THEM WITH EACH USE OF THIS PRODUCT. MANUAL SAFETY NOTICES Important instructions concerning the endangerment of personnel, technical safety or operator safety will be specially emphasized in this manual by placing the information in the following types of safety notices. DANGER DANGER INDICATES AN IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, WILL RESULT IN DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY. THIS IS LIMITED TO THE MOST EXTREME SITUATIONS. WARNING WARNING INDICATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, COULD RESULT IN DEATH OR INJURY. CAUTION CAUTION INDICATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, MAY RESULT IN MINOR OR MODERATE INJURY. IT MAY ALSO BE USED TO ALERT AGAINST UNSAFE PRACTICES. NOTE NOTE ADVISE OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS THAT REQUIRE PARTICULAR ATTENTION BY THE OPERATOR OR THE MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN FOR PROPER MAINTENANCE AND UTILIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENT. REGISTER YOUR PRODUCT ONLINE Go to www.BrowniesMarineGroup.com to register your product. -
Affinity of Small-Molecule Solutes to Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Chemically Patterned Interfaces in Aqueous Solution
Affinity of small-molecule solutes to hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and chemically patterned interfaces in aqueous solution Jacob I. Monroea, Sally Jiaoa, R. Justin Davisb, Dennis Robinson Browna, Lynn E. Katzb, and M. Scott Shella,1 aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; and bDepartment of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 Edited by Peter J. Rossky, Rice University, Houston, TX, and approved November 17, 2020 (received for review September 30, 2020) Performance of membranes for water purification is highly influ- However, a molecular understanding that links membrane enced by the interactions of solvated species with membrane surface chemistry to solute affinity and hence membrane func- surfaces, including surface adsorption of solutes upon fouling. tional properties remains incomplete, due in part to the complex Current efforts toward fouling-resistant membranes often pursue interplay among specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, surface hydrophilization, frequently motivated by macroscopic electrostatics, dispersion) and molecular morphology (e.g., sur- measures of hydrophilicity, because hydrophobicity is thought to face and polymer configurations) that are difficult to disentangle increase solute–surface affinity. While this heuristic has driven di- (11–14). Chemically heterogeneous surfaces are even less un- verse membrane functionalization strategies, here we build on derstood but can affect fouling in complex ways. -
The Hydrophobic Effect Oil and Water Do Not Mix. This Fact Is So Well
The hydrophobic effect Oil and water do not mix. This fact is so well engrained in our ever-day experience that we never ask “why”. Well, today we are going to ask just this question: “why do oil and water not mix?” At the end of the class you will hopefully see that the reason oil and water do not mix is quite distinct from the reason many other substance do not mix. You will also see that the hydrophobic effect is part of a family of processes called “entropy driven ordering” and that the hydrophobic effect has nothing to do with bonds between hydrophobic molecules. This should sound a bit strange to you right now, but I am sure that at the end of the class it will all make sense to you. Why most liquids mix or do not mix (the generic case) What would our physico-chemical intuition tell us about the process of mixing two liquids? Lets think of a simple lattice model for the two solutions. If we call the substances A and B, the energy for mixing should then be the energy of interaction that are made between A and B, minus the energy of interactions that A made with A, and B made with B, plus the entropy of mixing. "Gmixing = "Hmixing # T"Smixing where "Hmixing = 2"Ha#b # "Ha#a # "Hb#b What predictions would this simple model for solutions make for the energetics of mixing? First, mixing should be favored by entropy and therefore the tendency to mix ! should increase with temperature. -
Ph Temperature Compensation
pH Temperature Compensation There are two types of temperature compensation when discussing pH measurements. Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC), which compensates for the varying milli-volt output from the electrode due to temperature changes of the process solution and Solution Temperature Compensation (STC), which corrects for a change in the chemistry (change in pH) of the solution as the temperature of the solution changes. Automatic Temperature Compensation In a pH-measuring loop, there are three main components. The glass (pH) measuring electrode, the reference electrode and the temperature electrode. When the electrodes are placed in a solution, a voltage (mV) is generated depending on the hydrogen activity of the solution. The varying voltage (potential) is dependent on the acidity or alkalinity of the solution and varies with the hydrogen ion activity in a known manner, the Nernst Equation. The potential (voltage) of the glass electrode is compared to the potential of the reference electrode and the difference between the two potentials is the measured potential. When placed in a pH 7 buffer most electrodes are designed to produce a zero (0) mV potential. As the solution becomes more acidic (lower pH) the potential of the glass electrode becomes more positive (+ mV) in comparison to the reference electrode and as the solution becomes more alkaline (higher pH) the potential of the glass electrode becomes more negative (- mV) in comparison to the reference electrode. The Nernst Equation shows the relationship between temperature and its affect on the activity of the hydrogen ion. At 25°C, each additional pH unit change represents a +/- 59.16 mV change in the potential of the glass electrode from a starting point of pH 7 (0 mV). -
Chapter 9 Ideal and Real Solutions
2/26/2016 CHAPTER 9 IDEAL AND REAL SOLUTIONS • Raoult’s law: ideal solution • Henry’s law: real solution • Activity: correlation with chemical potential and chemical equilibrium Ideal Solution • Raoult’s law: The partial pressure (Pi) of each component in a solution is directly proportional to the vapor pressure of the corresponding pure substance (Pi*) and that the proportionality constant is the mole fraction (xi) of the component in the liquid • Ideal solution • any liquid that obeys Raoult’s law • In a binary liquid, A-A, A-B, and B-B interactions are equally strong 1 2/26/2016 Chemical Potential of a Component in the Gas and Solution Phases • If the liquid and vapor phases of a solution are in equilibrium • For a pure liquid, Ideal Solution • ∆ ∑ Similar to ideal gas mixing • ∆ ∑ 2 2/26/2016 Example 9.2 • An ideal solution is made from 5 mole of benzene and 3.25 mole of toluene. (a) Calculate Gmixing and Smixing at 298 K and 1 bar. (b) Is mixing a spontaneous process? ∆ ∆ Ideal Solution Model for Binary Solutions • Both components obey Rault’s law • Mole fractions in the vapor phase (yi) Benzene + DCE 3 2/26/2016 Ideal Solution Mole fraction in the vapor phase Variation of Total Pressure with x and y 4 2/26/2016 Average Composition (z) • , , , , ,, • In the liquid phase, • In the vapor phase, za x b yb x c yc Phase Rule • In a binary solution, F = C – p + 2 = 4 – p, as C = 2 5 2/26/2016 Example 9.3 • An ideal solution of 5 mole of benzene and 3.25 mole of toluene is placed in a piston and cylinder assembly.