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1. Background information about the Centre Location The Vizhinjam (Long: E. 76° 59'15", Lat: N. 8° 22' 30") Research Centre of CMFRI is located in the coastal village of Vizhinjam in Neyyattinkara Taluk of Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala. The centre is about 18 km south of Thiruvananthapuram city and famous for the fishing harbor with a lighthouse and a blue beach sheltered on the coast of Arabian Sea. Vizhinjam is historically known for ancient civilizations and a rock cut temple. Archeological excavations revealed the existence of an ancient port. The history of Vizhinjam dates back to The Ay Dynasty. Before the Cheras established themselves as a major force in Kerala, it was ruled by the Ay dynasty sometime between 7th to 11th Century AD with Vizhinjam as the capital. The Ay kingdom extended between Nagercoil and Thiruvalla. When the kings of the Ay dynasty shifted their capital to Vizhinjam, they built a fort which is now considered to be the oldest fort in Kerala dating to the eighth or ninth century. Excavations carried out by noted archeologists have brought to light the evidences of ancient international maritime trade flourished from Vizhinjam with the Red Sea Coast during the early Christian era (Roman period). It would support the identification of the port with Balita or Blinca of the Greco-Roman records. A large number of sherds of the Torpedo Jar and Turquoise Glazed Pottery types indicated trade relations with the Persian Gulf region also. The East Asian trade connections were indicated by Chinese and Thai ceramics. From the year 2010 onwards, Vizhinjam area has been included in the Thiruvananthapuram Corporation. From the fisheries point of view, Vizhinjam has attained the special significance on account of the periodic occurrence of larvae and juveniles of some of the important commercial species. The protected Bay enclosed by two rocky promontories protruding into the sea (viz., Mathilpuram on the western side and Kottapuram on the eastern side) is a special and a unique feature of the inshore fishing area of Vizhinjam, facilitating favourable conditions of year-round fishing activities. The pristine sea water with almost stable salinity and proximity to the Wadge bank are other added advanages offering high scope for potential fisheries - related research activities. Historical background of Vizhinjam Research Centre of CMFRI The fisheries research activities of the CMFRI at Vizhinjam were initiated as early as 1948 with a preliminary survey of the area. As a part of the research programme of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Station, it was decided in 1948 to conduct a survey of the Indian coastline to estimate the 1 marine fish landings and to find out the types of fish stocks available. A preliminary survey was found essential before embarking on the final programme. With this in view, Shri Gopalan Nayar conducted a preliminary survey in 1949 to ascertain the number of fishing villages, boats, nets and fishermen along the coastal strip extending from Cape Comorin in the south to Ponnani River in Malabar District in the north. Based on the data thus collected, the final design to estimate the landings was made. Initially five observation centres, Blangad in South Malabar, Narakkal and Malippuram in Trichur District, Wadi in Quilon District, and Vizhinjam in Trivandrum District, of the erstwhile Travancore-Cochin State, were selected. Though regular observations were taken at these centres in 1950, from the year 1951 onwards observations were restricted to two centres, Narakkal and Vizhinjam, and from January 1953 to August 1954 observations were confined to Vizhinjam alone. As Vizhinjam at that time itself was considered as a very important fishing centre and as data for five consecutive years were available it was decided to embody the observations in a reaserach paper by Gopalan Nayar in 1958 [Nayar, S Gopalan (1958) A preliminary account of the fisheries of Vizhinjam Indian Journal of Fisheries. 5 (1): pp. 32-55] as suggested by Dr. N. K. Panikkar, the then Chief Research Officer of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Station at Mandapam Camp. In the year 1951, a Survey Centre of CMFRI was started in Vizhinjam. The survey Centre was subseqeuently upgraded to the status of a Research Unit with effect from 23-8-1965. The Research Unit was further promoted as a Research Sub-station with effect from 1- 4-1969. With the addition of further research programmes and personnel over the years, the Vizhinjam centre has grown into the present day full-fledged Research Centre. The Centre has been carrying out pioneering research, contributing substantially to the knowledge about the marine fisheries of this region. Realizing the importance of this centre which was housed in rented buildings, the Government of Kerala had allotted 1.7 acres of sea front land area for VRC of CMFRI on 99 years lease to establish further and to construct permanent Office-cum-Laboratory building, Marine hatcheries and Marine Research Aquarium. For the permenatnt buildings the foundation stone was laid on 3rd September 2011 by Shri. Oommen Chandy, the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Kerala in the presence of Dr. Shashi Tharoor, Hon’ble Member of Parliament, Thiruvananthapuram and Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR, New Delhi. On completion of the Office-cum-Laboratory building the centre was shifted to the new premises in April 2013. Present Organization and Structure During the review period 28 research projects under 7 Divisions were handled in Vizhinjam Research Centre of CMFRI. There were 8 Scientists, belonging to 7 Divisions carrying out research in 2 Vizhinjam. At present, 6 scientists belonging to 5 Divisions are carrying out research in this centre. The distribution of Scientists and Technical staff of different Divisions during the review period is given below: Divisions Scientific Technical No. of Projects 1. Fishery Resource Assessment Division - 1 2 2. Pelagic Fisheries Division - 4 3. Demersal Fisheries Division - 2 3 4. Crustacean Fisheries Division 1 2 1 5. Molluscan Fisheries Division 1 1 2 6. Marine Biotechnology Division 1 1 3 8. Mariculture Division 2 2 3 9. Marine Biodiversity Division 2 7 10. SEETD Division 1 1 5 Total 8 10 32 Present Organization and Structure * Divisions Scientific Technical Projects 1. Fishery Resource Assessment Division 1 2 2. Pelagic Fisheries Division - 1 3. Demersal Fisheries Division 2 3 4. Crustacean Fisheries Division 1 2 1 5. Molluscan Fisheries Division 1 2 2 6. Marine Biotechnology Division 1 2 1 7. Fishery Environment Management Division - - - 8. Mariculture Division 1 1 1 9. Marine Biodiversity Division 2 3 10. SEETD Division - - - Total 6 10 14 *Note: The supporting staff and motor driver are not attached to any particular Division. 3 2. Staff strength (year wise) List of Scientists of the Centre Name Designation Period Dr. Rani Mary George Principal Scientist & Till date Scientist-In-Charge Dr. R. Sathiadhas Principal Scientist Retd. on February 2013: Joined as Emeritus Scientist on 1st January, 2014 Dr. N. Ramachandran Principal Scientist Retd. on December 2013 Dr. A. P. Lipton Principal Scientist Till date Dr. M. K. Anil Principal Scientist Till date Dr. B. Santhosh Principal Scientist Till date Dr. S. Jasmine Senior Scientist Till date Smt. K. N. Saleela Scientist Till date Staff strength - Year wise Staff 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Scientists 7 8 8 8 7 Technical Officers 3 8 9 9 9 Technical Assistants 7 3 3 3 2 Administrative staff 4 5 6 4 4 Skilled supporting staff 10 9 8 8 4 Staff strength as on March 2014 Staff Strength Scientists 6 Technical Officers 9 Technical Assistants 2 Administrative Staff 3 Skilled Support Staff 4 Total 24 4 3. Budget (Year wise) BUDGET (amount in lakhs) 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 PLAN TA 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.50 2.50 11.00 13.00 19.00 Research &operational 3.80 14.00 Administrative Exp. 12.20 1.50 7.50 13.775 BUDGET 2009-2010 2010- 2011- 2012-2013 2013-2014 2011 2012 NON-PLAN Estt. 175 170.00 185.00 1207.00 207.00 TA .50 1.50 1.00 207.00 0.90 Research & operational 4.00 6.00 4.00 30.00 Infrastructure, 17.00 13.13 18.00 14.75 25.50 Communication, Repair& Maintenance exp./ others 5 4. Research programmes Research Projects during April 2009 to March 2014 Fishery Resource Assessment Division 1. FRA/ASSESS/01 Development of knowledge based information system for marine fisheries sustainability (2009-2014) Shri. K.K. Suresh 2. FRA/ASSESS/02 Decision support system for marine fisheries management (2012-2014) Shri. K.K. Suresh Pelagic Fisheries Division 3. PEL/IDP/01 Management advisories for sustaining marine fisheries of Kerala & Lakshadweep Dr.N. Ramachandran (2009-2012) Dr. S. Jasmine (2009-2012) Smt. K.N. Saleela (2009-2012) 4. PEL/IDP/03 Strategies for sustaining tuna fishery along the coast of India Dr. S. Jasmine (2009-2012) 5. FISHCMFRISIL20120030 0003 Development of fishery management for sustaining marine fisheries of Kerala & Lakshadweep Dr.N. Ramachandran (2012-2013) Smt. K.N. Saleela (2009-2014) Dr. B. Santhosh (2012-2014) 6. FISHCMFRISIL201200700007 Development of strategies to sustain the stock and fishery of large pelagics of Kerala & Lakshadweep Dr. S. Jasmine (2012-2014) Demersal Fisheries Division 7. DEM/IDP/01 Management advisories for sustaining marine fisheries of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Smt. K.N. Saleela (2009-2012) 8. FISHCMFRISIL201200800008 Development of fishery management for sustaining marine fisheries of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Smt. K.N. Saleela (2009-2012) 9. FISHCMFRISIL201200500005 Assessment of Elasmobranch resources in the Indian seas Dr. B. Santhosh (2012-2014) 6 Crustacean Division 10. FISHCMFRISIL201200900009 GIS Based Resource Mapping of Distribution and abundance of Fin fishes and Shell fishes off Indian coast for Suggesting Operational based strategies for Fisheries management Smt.
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  • Assessment of Water Quality Along the Coast of Arabian Sea S.P.R

    Assessment of Water Quality Along the Coast of Arabian Sea S.P.R

    International Journal of Modern Science and Technology Vol. 1, Issue 2, May 2016. Page 69-79. http://www.ijmst.co/ ISSN: 2456-0235 Research Article Assessment of water quality along the coast of Arabian Sea S.P.R. Kalaikathir 1, S. Begila David 2* 1Department of Chemistry, Womens’ Christian College, Nagercoil – 629 001. India. 2PG and Research Centre in Chemistry, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil – 629 003. India. *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The present work was focused on the spatial and temporal variations of the coastal water quality from six shores along southwest coastline in Arabian sea in Kanyakumari District,Tamilnadu, India. The surface temperature was found varied from 21.2°C to 28.1°C, pH was varied from 7.66 to 8.9, conductivity, TDS, DO, CO 2, Alkalinity and nitrate remains almost same in all places in a particular season. Turbidity was ranged between 2 NTU to 11 NTU and maximum in Kanyakumari in all seasons. The observed DO was above 5 mg/l. Minimum BOD was observed in the present study. Carbon dioxide was found varied from 8 ppm to 25 ppm. Total alkalinity values lie within the maximum permissible limit. Both gross alpha and gross beta count were maximum in Muttom coastal water. Nutrient nitrate varied from 2 g/l to 4 g/l. Phosphate was much higher in Muttom in summer season. Sulphate was higher in Kanyakumari and Thengapattanam coast which indicates anthropogenically affected water quality. Keywords : Coastal water; Alkalinity; Turbidity; Spatial and temporal variation. Besides the natural changes which bring Introduction about variation in physical and chemical Water is one of the most important and parameters of water, human interventions also abundant compounds of the ecosystem.