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Aquaculture Assessment Tools for Improving the Planning and Management of Aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific

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Aquaculture Assessment Tools for Improving the Planning and Management of Aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific RAP PUBLICATION 2013/11 Adoption of aquaculture orea assessment tools for hailand improving the planning and management of aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific RAP PUBLICATION 2013/11 Adoption of aquaculture assessment tools for improving the planning and management of aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific Edited by Miao Weimin C.V. Mohan Wyn Ellis Brian Davy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangkok, 2013 i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107923-2 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-107924-9 (PDF) © FAO 2013 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be addressed to www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. For copies please write to: Aquaculture Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit Road Bangkok 10200 THAILAND Tel: (+66) 2 697 4119 Fax: (+66) 2 697 4445 E-mail: [email protected] For bibliographic purposes, please refer this publication as: Miao W., Mohan C.V., Ellis W., Brian D. (eds.) (2013) Adoption of Aquaculture Assessment Tools for Improving the Planning and Management of Aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. RAP Publication 2013/11, 136 pp. ii FOREWORD Fisheries and aquaculture are today one of the primary sources of protein for the world’s population. Globally, fish provides about 3.0 billion people with almost 20 percent of their animal protein intake and 4.3 billion people with about 15 percent of their animal protein intake. Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 148 million tonnes (154 million tonnes in 2011) of fish in 2010 valued at US$217.5 billion, and play a crucial role in food security and in providing livelihoods for millions of people. Global capture fish production has been stagnant since the 1990s. Rapid aquaculture development contributed the major part of the increased fish production in the last two decades. The contribution of aquaculture to global fish production increased to 40 percent in 2011 from 13 percent in 1990. It is estimated that aquaculture supplied 47.6 percent of total food fish supply for the world population in 2011. The fast growth of aquaculture production has been largely resulted from intensification benefited from progresses in culture technologies and management practices and increased level of input use and expansion of culture areas. While meeting the increasing demand of people for fish, the sector’s rapid growth has been accompanied by an array of problems, including biosecurity and related food safety issue, conflicts over use of natural resources, and impacts on the environment. These problems are mainly due to the poor planning, governance and management practices. With the growing global population and change in people’s eating habit for healthier diet, global fish demand will continue to increase in the coming decades. It is estimated that the world will need additional 23 million tonnes of aquatic animal food from the current level just to maintain the current fish consumption level. With the stagnant capture fish production, such increasing fish demand has to be met by the further growth of aquaculture sector in a sustainable manner. Long-term sustainability of aquaculture sector can only be achieved with informed planning and effective management. Various aquaculture assessment tools (AATs) have been developed and introduced to Asia and the Pacific region for supporting informed planning and effective management of aquaculture sector. Due to the differences in sectoral development stage, national capacity and other factors, extent and effectiveness of adoption of aquaculture assessment tools vary greatly across the countries in the region. An appropriate strategy developed based on good evaluation of adoption of aquaculture assessment tools is an important step to promote sustainable development of the sector through wider and more effective adoption of aquaculture assessment tools in Asia and the Pacific region, which contributes over 90 percent of the world aquaculture production. This publication is the product of a regional study supported by FAO and implemented through the cooperation with the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) and APFIC, which focused on situation assessment of adoption of aquaculture assessment tools in 10 major aquaculture producing countries in Asia and the Pacific and development of regional strategy for promoting the wider and more effective application for improved planning and management of aquaculture sector in the region. This publication is expected to provide the member governments, various stakeholders and professionals with the up to date information on current adoption of aquaculture assessment tools in the region and a good reference for developing their strategy and action plan to promote the application of the assessment tools and contribute to sustainable development of aquaculture sector in their countries. Hiroyuki Konuma Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This publication is the output of a regional reviews study on current status of adoption of common aquaculture assessment tools in Asia and the Pacific and a subsequent regional expert workshop, which were supported by FAO and implemented through the cooperation with the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) and the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC). The study was implemented as an outcome of a regional workshop on “Strengthening assessment of fisheries and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region for policy development”, held in Yangon, Myanmar, 4-6 October 2011. The regional review study was carried out during the first half of 2012, which included ten important aquaculture countries in Asia and the Pacific, namely Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Viet Nam. The regional study was collaborated by NACA and the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAORAP). Invited experts from the participating countries conducted or led the country study and prepared a country review paper following the guidelines jointly developed by FAORAP and NACA. A Regional Expert Workshop on Adoption of Common Aquaculture Assessment Tools in Asia and the Pacific was convened jointly by the FAORAP and NACA from 3 to 5 July 2012 in Pattaya, Thailand. Experts from nine countries (Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Viet Nam), representatives from Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center-Aquaculture Department (SEAFDEC-AQD), World Organisation for Ananimal Health (OIE Tokyo), European Union (EU), Sustainable Ethical Aquaculture Trade (SEAT) Project and the FAO and NACA working team participated in the workshop. All the country study papers were presented at the workshop and commented by the experts. The country study papers were then revised by national experts following the recommendations from the workshop discussion and NACA-FAO review team. All the country papers were edited for the final publication. The regional synthesis report was drafted based on the country papers. The report attempts to present a regional picture on adoption of AATs, discuss common issues and constraints and recommend a regional strategy to promote wider application of the tools for aquaculture planning and management in the Asia-Pacific region. The draft report was presented and discussed at the expert workshop and was finalized by the NACA-FAO working team. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of the publication was attributable to the joint efforts of all the country review authors and NACA-FAO working team. Much gratitude is due to the country review authors who made their best efforts in preparing the country papers and revised them following the suggestions of the editorial team. Special thanks are given to Ambekar Eknath, Director General of NACA and NACA Secretariat staff who supported the regional study and expert workshop in various ways. Great thanks are towards
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