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3822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH _6. The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 10 min­ ·Leslie A. Johnson, Escalon. utes p.m.) the Senate took a recess until tomorrow, Wednes­ Edith A. Knudsen, Klamath. day, March 7, 1934, at 12 o'clock meridian. Sidney F. Horrell, Moneta. ;Edith B. Smith, Patton. NOMINATIONS KENTUCKY Executive nominations received by the Senate March 6 Benjamin F. Turner, Outwood. <legislative day of Feb. 28), 1934 LOUISIANA ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND M!NrsTER PLENIPOTENTIARY Ernest B. Miller, Denham Springs. Frank P. Corrigan, of Ohio, to be Envoy Extraordinary Sylvester J. Folse, Patterson. and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of Amer­ MAINE ica to El Salvador. Milton Edes, Sangerville. UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE MINNESOTA Florence E. Allen, of Ohio, to be United States circuit Lambert J. Dols, Cologne. judge, sixth ·circuit, to succeed Smith Hickenlooper, de­ Anton Malmberg, Lafayette. ceased. Ruth Stevens, St. Paul Park. COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS MISSISSIPPI Bernice Pyke, of Cleveland, Ohio, to be collector of cus­ Lewis F. Henry, Carthage. toms for customs collection district no. 41, with headquar­ Aaron B. Johnston,· Enid. ters at Cleveland, Ohio, to fill an existing vacancy. Johnnie L. Posey, Philadelphia. REGISTER OF THE LAND OFFICE MISSOURI Paul Witmer, of California, to be register of the land Nat M. Snider, Cape Girardeau. office at Los Angeles, Calif., vice John Robert White. Elizabeth Farnan, Clyde. PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY Ora Lee Dean, Dearborn. MARINE CORPS Joseph F. Hargis, Downing. The following-named meritorious noncommissioned offi­ James P. Moore, Liberal. cers to be second lieutenants in the Marine Corps, revocable Theodore G. Robinson, Maryville. for 2 years from the 2d day of March 1934: NEBRASKA Corp. William M. Hudson Corp. Reynolds H. Hayden Frank A. Moon, Fairbury. Corp. Frederic H. Ramsey Corp. Charles A. Miller CONFIRMATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate March 6 TUESDAY, MARCH 6, 1934 <legislative day of Feb. 28), 1934 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ENVOYS EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARIES The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D.D., offered J. Butler Wright to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister the fallowing prayer: Plenipotentiary to Czechoslovakia. O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, help us to feel that George s. Messersmith to be Envoy Extraordinary and the life of our fellow man is a part of our own; unite us to Minister Plenipotentiary to Uruguay. him by a common center, and may we experience his burden . CONSUL GENERAL as our burden, his joy as our joy. O give us. the charity John C. Wiley to be consul general. to ever champion his rights. Send Thy Spirit to make us ready for the duties of this day and gladden and strengthen SECRETARIES IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVI~E us within." Do Thou increase the power of our resistance, George c. Hanson to be secretary in the Diplomatic our faith, blessed Lord, so that trifles or obstacles may not Service. disturb us, may not annoy us. Intensify our love for our Angus I. Ward to be secretary in the Diplomatic Service. country and for its wonderful traditions. We praise Thee Charles E. Bohlen to be secretary in the Diplomatic that Thou hast a crown for the uncrushed soul, a wreath Service. for the unwithered heart, and a laurel for the undimmed UNITED STATES MARSHALS love for Thee. Heavenly Father, above all these things, John B. Colpoys to be United States marshal for the Dis­ let us feel eternity in our hearts, and then we shall step trict of Columbia. bravely through the gates of time, and Thine shall be the - John B. Keefe to be United States marshal for the north­ everlasting glory. In the name of the world's Savior. Amen. ern district of Iowa. CALL OF THE HOUSE APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR ARMY Mr. LEHLBACH. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of no Capt. Frank Huber Partridge to Adjutant General's De- quorum. partment. Second Lt. Douglas Glen Ludlam to Ordnance Department. The SPEAKER. Evident1Y there is not a quorum present. Second Lt. Harry Hollingsworth Geoffrey to Air Corps. Mr. WOODRUM. Mr. Speaker, I move a call of the House. APPOINTMENTS BY PROMOTION IN THE REGULAR ARMY A call of the House was ordered. Laurence Verner Frazier to be colonel, Corps of Engineers. The Clerk'" called the roll, and the following Members failed Jacob Loucks Devers to be lieutenant colonel, Field Artil­ to answer to their names: lery. [Roll No. 99) Larry McHale to be major, Field Artillery. Abernethy Colmer Fitzgibbons Les inskt Engmann August Andersen to be captain, Quartermaster Auf der Heide Corning Fulmer Lewis, Md. Corps. Belter Cross, Tex. Gambrill McDuffie Berlin Crowther Gillespie McFarlane John James Earle, Jr. to be first lieutenant, Coast Artil­ Black Crump Goldsborough McGugln lery Corps. Brooks Darrow Greenway McLeod Robert Frederick Tate to be first lieutenant, Air Corps. Burke, Calif. De Priest Hancock, N .C. Mansfield Cannon, Wis. DeRouen Hart Meeks POSTMASTERS Carley, N.Y. Dickstein Healey Montague Cary Disney Kelly, Pa. Norton CALIFORNIA Castellow Doutrlch Kennedy, Md. Palmisano Cavicchia Eltse, Calif. Kenney Pou Owen Kenny, Calistoga. Claiborne Evans Lanzetta Ramsay Harry S. Markof er, Elk Grove. Cochran. Pa. Farley Lee.Mo. Reid,lli. 1934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3823 Richards Scrugham Stea.gall Treadway The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Robinson, Utah Seger Sullivan Wea.rin Rogers, Okla. Simpson Thompson, Ill. Willia.ms Mr. BLAND) there were-ayes 108, noes 125. Sadowski Stalker Thompson, Tex. Wilson Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas The SPEAKER. Three hundred and fifty-nine Members and nays. have answered to their names; a quorum is present. The yeas and nays were ordered. On motion of Mr. BYRNS, further proceedings under the The question was taken; and there were-yeas 148, nays call were dispensed with. 212, answered" present" 4, not voting 67, as follows: THE JOURNAL [Roll No. 100] The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and YEAS-148 approved. Andrew, Mass. Dirksen Hoidale Robertson Arens Dobbins Hope Rudd INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMUNICATION BY WIRE OR RADIO Bacharach Dockweiler Imhoff Schulte Beedy Douglass Jacobsen Scrugham Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, by authority and direction of Beiter Dowell Johnson, Minn. Sears the Committee on the Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fish­ Biermann Eagle Johnson. W.Va. Secrest Blanchard Eaton Kee Shoemaker eries, and as chairman of that committee, I move that the Bland Edmiston Keller Sinclair reference made by the Speaker on February 27, 1934, to the Boileau Edmonds Kelly, Pa. Sirovich Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce of the bill Boland Eicher Kennedy, N.Y. Sisson Bolton Ellzey, Miss. Kloeb Smith, Va. (H.R. 8301) to provide for the regulation of interstate and Boylan Eltse, Calif. Kramer Smith, Wash. foreign communication by wire or radio, and for other pur­ Britten Evans Kvale Smith, W.Va. Brown, Ga. Faddis Lam.neck Somers, N .Y. poses, be corrected and that the said bill be referred to the Brown, Ky. Fiesinger Lehlbach Studley Committee on the Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries. Brown, Mich. Fish Lehr Sutphin The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the motion. Buchanan Fitzgibbons Lemke Tarver Buckbee Flannagan Lindsay Taylor, S.C. The Clerk reported the motion. Burke, Nebr. Frear Lloyd Terry, Ark. Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I recognize, of course, that Burnham Frey Luce Tinkham except by unanimous consent this motion is not debatable; Cady Fuller Lundeen Tobey Cannon, Mo. Fulmer McFadden Traeger but the questions involved are so far-reaching and so chal­ Carmichael Gavagan Martin, Oreg. Truax lenging to the precedents of the House and to the authority Carpenter, Kans. Gifford Miller Utterback Carpenter, Nebr. Gilchrist Moran Wallgren of the Speaker to refer measures that I think it would be Carter, Calif. Gillespie Morehead Walter enlightening to the House if we could have, say, 10 minutes' Cell er Gillette Mott Weideman debate on the side, 10 minutes to be controlled by the gen­ Christianson Glover Musselwhite Welch Clarke, N.Y. Griffin O'Malley Werner tleman from Virginia [Mr. BLAND] and 10 minutes by myself. Collins, Calif. Guyer Owen Wigglesworth I think there are matters that could be developed in even Connery Harlan Peterson Willford this short time that would certainly make it worth while. Cravens Hart Pierce Withrow Crosby Harter Plumley Wood, Ga. Mr. BLAND. Will the gentleman from Texas not make Culkin Hartley . Powers Wood, Mo. his suggestion 20 minutes to the side? Cullen Hildebrandt Ramspeck Woodrum Darden Hill, Knute Randolph Young Mr. COLLINS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, I shall object Delaney Hoeppel Richardson Zioncheck to 20 minutes to the side. I will not object to 10 minutes to NAYS-212 the side. Adair Ditter Kurtz Rankin Mr. BLAND. Will the gentleman from Texas ·make the Adams Dondero · Lambertson Ransley Allen Doughton Lam.beth Rayburn time 15 minutes to each side? Allgood Doutrich Lanham Reece Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman from Andrews, N.Y. Driver Larrabee Reed, N.Y. Mississippi yield? Arnold Duncan, Mo. Lea; Calif. Reilly Ayers, Mont. Durgan, Ind. Lee, Mo. Rich · Mr. COLLINS of Mississippi. Certainly. Ayres, Kans. Farley Lewis, Colo. Richards Mr. O'CONNOR. Tb.is is an important question for the Bailey Fernandez Lozier Rogers, Mass. House to decide. All these jurisdictional questions are im­ Bakewell Fitzpatrick Ludlow Rogers, N.H. Bankhead Fletcher McCarthy Rogers, Okla. portant. The House is not always. informed about them. Beam Focht Mcclintic Romjue Few Members have examined the precedents. Surely we Beck Ford McCormack Ruffin Blanton Foss McFarlane Sanders could spend half an hour on the subject of jurisdiction. Bloom Gasque McGrath Sandlin This is not asking too much, in spite of the fact we have Boehne Goodwin McKeown Schaefer an appropriation bill pending.
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  • The Economic Cost of Strategic Bombing

    The Economic Cost of Strategic Bombing

    BRITAIN 1939 – 1945: THE ECONOMIC COST OF STRATEGIC BOMBING By John Fahey UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY ABSTRACT BRITAIN 1939-1945: THE ECONOMIC COST OF STRATEGIC BOMBING By John Fahey Supervisor: Dr. Judith Keene Department of History The strategic air offensive against Germany during World War II formed a major part of Britain’s wartime military effort and it has subsequently attracted the attention of historians. Despite the attention, historians have paid little attention to the impact of the strategic air offensive on Britain. This thesis attempts to redress this situation by providing an examination of the economic impact on Britain of the offensive. The work puts the economic cost of the offensive into its historical context by describing the strategic air offensive and its intellectual underpinnings. Following this preliminary step, the economic costs are described and quantified across a range of activities using accrual accounting methods. The areas of activity examined include the expansion of the aircraft industry, the cost of individual aircraft types, the cost of constructing airfields, the manufacture and delivery of armaments, petrol and oil, and the recruitment, training and maintenance of the necessary manpower. The findings are that the strategic air offensive cost Britain £2.78 billion, equating to an average cost of £2,911.00 for every operational sortie flown by Bomber Command or £5,914.00 for every Germany civilian killed by aerial bombing. The conclusion reached is the damage inflicted upon Germany by the strategic air offensive imposed a very heavy financial burden on Britain that she could not afford and this burden was a major contributor to Britain’s post-war impoverishment.