Multidimensional Outlook on Environment

E d i t o r s D r. S a r m i s t h a S a h a D r. R a h i S o r e n D r. N o b i n a M u k h e r j e e D r. S i r s e n d u B h o w m i c k Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8

A Study on Community Based Conservation Status of Nilssonia nigricans (Anderson 1875) in , ,

Karabi Roy Pramanik1, Raviranjan Pandey1, Tamali Roy1, Sarmistha Saha2, Hadida Yasmin1* 1Dept. of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India 2Central Pollution Control Board, Eastern Region Directorate, Kolkata * Corresponding author: Hadida Yasmin, E-mail: [email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

A freshwater turtle species (Nilssonia Keywords: nigricans) has been categorized as ‘extinct in the wild’ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Black Softshell Turtle the year 2002. This species is now restricted in some temple Baneswar ponds of Bangladesh (Bayazad Bostami shrine) & in Assam India (Hayagriva temple), India. The existence of Black softshell Community Conserva- turtle inhabiting the Baneswar Shiva temple pond of Cooch tion Behar district, West Bengal has been documented in news Nilssonia nigricans media. Current study reports the existence of Black softshell turtle in the natural water bodies such as community ponds, water lodged areas and even in house hold drainages of Baneswar. They have been found displaying usual terrestrial activities such as nesting and breeding in their natural habitats. Present study reveals the community conservation efforts by the local people of Baneswar. Finding the threats to these freshwater turtles and coming up with conservation strategies is the focus of our study for its better conservation and successful survival in the nature which might help to change its IUCN status.

1. Introduction same time they are often used as pets. Turtles and tortoises are keystone Turtle shell are also used for medicinal species, playing invaluable role in purpose in China where eggs as well balancing ecosystems (1, 2). There as different body parts of juveniles and are nearly 360 known turtle and adults are exploited indiscriminately tortoise species, out of these 127 are (4). Thus, they are in great demand in endangered or critically endangered international markets. (EN or CR) and 187 are threatened (CR, Black softshell turtle, Nilssonia EN or VU) according to the IUCN Red nigricans (5) is a fresh water turtle List criteria (3). Agricultural ponds, once found along the floodplains of irrigation ditches, fishing farm and Brahmaputra River (6) have now been water reservoirs are favorable habitats categorized as extinct in wild in the red for the turtles. Economically, freshwater data book of IUCN (7). N. nigricans was turtles are considered valuable as food first described by Anderson (5) from a for good quality of flesh and fat at the

26 Pramanik et al. (2021) single artificial pond near Chittagong, bodies as well. This paper highlights the Bangladesh (8, 9, 10, 11). It has also present condition of the turtle habitat, been spotted in River Bhoroli and in its dispersal range and the associated Hayagriva Madhava temple’s pond in threats to the species. Findings of this the state of Assam in northeast India article might facilitate development of (12, 13). appropriate conservation strategies. A small population of Black softshell 2. Study Area and Methodology turtle, locally known as ‘Mohan’, Current study area involves has been documented inhabiting the Baneswar (26°23’31” N, 89°29’43.73” pond adjacent to the Baneswar Shiva E) which is a Panchayat area under Temple of the of Block-2 in Cooch Behar West Bengal, India. Geographically, district (25°57’47” to 26°36’20” N and Cooch Behar district is the part of the 88°47’44” to 89°54’35” E) of West Bengal. Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal There is an ancient Shiva Temple in bounded by the State of Assam in the Baneswar which was built around east and Indo-Bangladesh boundary in sixteenth century and renovated in the the south as well as in the west. This late 1750’s by Maharaja Pran Narayan, temple was established around the year the King of Cooch Behar. As per the 1625-1665 and the turtles have been oral history of Baneswar, the temple found in a pond adjacent to the temple pond constructed during renovation of (14, 15, 16). The temple devotees named the temple became the primary habitat these fresh water turtles, Mohan and of the Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia thus, the pond came to be known as nigricans), though there is no printed Mohan Dighi (14, 15, 16). The reporting document to trace down the existence of of this species as Nilssonia nigricans this turtle species in this pond. (Anderson 1875) was also recently done on the basis of its morphological The study was carried out from 2018 characteristics (6). to 2020. The water-area, surroundings of the water bodies and adjacent In 2002 as an act of renovation, vegetation were explored for the turtle the banks of the pond were paved with sighting and identification of turtle concrete lining, which probably led to tracks, corridors and nesting sites. The the change in littoral habitat to a large ponds were scanned using binoculars extent, resulting in the death of at least for basking turtles. Focal sampling was 10 turtles (17). The local community done by scanning thoroughly within a believed this turtle as a form of Lord range of 3 km circling the temple area Vishnu and so their death led to several for a period of two years. Information protests. Eventually, the concrete lining about the turtle sighting from the local was removed and the nesting beach was community were also included in the reconstructed as it was earlier. study. Concerned officials of Forest In 2017, initiatives were taken to Department, Govt. of West Bengal were study the hydrological parameters of interviewed for the above mentioned the temple pond as turtle habitat by purpose. During the course of the an academic and research institution, study, the turtles that were rescued the Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma by the local community, inspected University. Detailed survey of the area for their morphological identification, resulted in the discovery of the presence photographed and released into their of Nilssonia nigricans in nearby water habitat. No turtles were harmed or put 27 Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8

Fig.1: a. Map of study site Baneswar in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. Green spots represent sampling ponds/waterbodies which are habitat of Nilssonia nigricans, b. Satellite map showing the vegetation and terrain of the dispersed area of N. nigricans.

28 Pramanik et al. (2021) under duress to carry out the study. and the head has black reticulation. Maps of the habitat were plotted using Juvenile carapace showed presence Geographical Positioning System (GPS) of ocelli with concentric rings usually readings. Detail geographical positions four in numbers on its dorsal surface. of all the ponds where the presence of Mating takes place during winter season N. nigricans was observed are provided as reported by the local people during in Annexure 1. No objection certificate interviewing. (NOC) for the study was granted by the Directorate of Forests, Government of The turtle habitats were found to West Bengal, India. be surrounded with different vegetation of algae and aquatic plants like floating, 3. Results and Discussion submerged and emergent macrophytes Our study documents a total of such as species from phylum 85 water bodies, including community Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta, pond, fishing pond, paddy field, marshy Bacillariophyta, Tracheophyta. A floral land, irrigation ditches, fishing farms, species list of the vegetation is provided water lodged areas, and household in Table 1. Fig.3 represents the plant drains where Black softshell turtle species found in and around the habitat (Nilssonia nigricans) have been located. of N. nigricans. These water bodies were distributed From the local community survey around 72 different locations apart and information from the Forest from its primary habitat, i.e. Baneswar Department, inducing factors that might Shiva Temple pond (Fig.1a, b). The total cause observed expansion of the habitat area of the temple pond, along with the of N. nigricans were identified in Cooch breeding ground, comprises 7604 m2 Behar district. Accounted aspects are and 5.5 m to 6 m deep (Fig.2a, b, c). The as follows: (a) presence of enormous turtle has been found to travel to new number of water bodies including habitats within an area of approximately perennial ponds; (b) frequent flash flood 1392300 m2; while dispersing, it has faced by the district; (c) availability of food moved about 622396 m2 away from especially fishes 6( ) and (d) community its primary location within Baneswar. protection. Cooch Behar district is known Thus, the total habitat area of the turtle for its very frequently scattered water as per the survey till March, 2020 is bodies (natural and man-made); fishery about 630000 m2 inside Baneswar. is therefore an important livelihood of Subsequently, it was observed that they the farmers of this district (18). The also travelled to new habitats covering rivers and water bodies of Cooch Behar an area of approximately 762300 m2 together comprise about 4.68 percent away from Baneswar, mostly towards (156.98 km2) of the total land use and Alipurduar district (1.79 km north). land cover (19). It has large numbers of The survey study is still in progress; it lentic water bodies such as fish ponds is expected that there are several other and beels, and lotic water bodies such locations that are yet to be reported. as the rivers. There are six perennial Both adult and juvenile Black rivers, namely, Tista, Jaldhaka, Torsa, softshell turtles were documented in this Raidak, Gadadhar, and Kaljani, which study. Adults were blackish olive in color flow through the district 18( ). with low and oval carapace covered with In the case of freshwater turtles, soft skin. Digits were strongly webbed their movement and dispersion largely with large claws. The plastron is white depend on access of water in their habitat 29 Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8

Fig.2: Photographs showing different habitats of the Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia nigricans): a. pond (Mohan Dighi) within the premises of Baneswar Shiva Temple; b. Black softshell turtle inside the temple pond; c. during water and soil sample collection from the temple pond; d. eggs were found in several terrestrial locations; e. community pond where turtles were located; f. turtles were also found in small water lodged area; g. turtle found at household drainage; h. turtles were also located in open drains; i. local fisherman displaying a juvenile turtle caught through fishing net from his own pond; j. turtle caught in fishing hook being freed by local fisher man; k. turtle killed while crossing the railway track; l. during survey work with local people. (20, 21, 22); variation in resources can litter and dead plant materials (Fig.2d). influence its movement patterns22 ( , 23). We found that most of the water Another possible reason for the bodies, where the turtles had dispersed, dispersal of these fresh water turtles to were community fishing ponds, which different water bodies is the recurrent likely provided them adequate food, flash flood events in Cooch Behar. such as fry and fingerlings to thrive. In 1993, the Torsa River breached The turtles were often found basking its embankment and flooded Cooch on the periphery of the water bodies, Behar and its neighboring Alipurduar in addition to occasionally nesting in district (24). Many turtles escaped adjoining areas. Eggs were also found in from the overflowing pond into several and around the nesting site covered by water bodies adjacent to the temple

30 Pramanik et al. (2021)

Table 1: Plant species list of the habitat of N. nigricans Sl. Common Name Scientific Local Name Family No. Name 1. Bermuda Grass Cynodon Dūrvā grass Poaceae dactylon 2. Santa-Maria, Santa Maria feverfew, Parthenium Gajar ghas Asteraceae White top weed and Famine weed hysterophorus* 3. California grass, Para grass, Buffalo Brachiaria Para ghas Poaceae grass, Mauritius signal grass, Pasto mutica pare, Malojilla, Gramalote, Parana, Carib grass and Scotch grass 4. Devil's cotton Abroma augusta Ulot kambal Malvaceae 5. King of Bitters Andrographis Kalmegh Acanthaceae paniculata 6. Asthma-plant Euphorbia hirta Dudhi Euphorbiaceae 7. Gotu kola, Indian pennywort and Centella asiatica Thankuni Apiaceae Asiatic pennywort 8. False daisy, Gunta kalagaraku/ Eclipta prostrata Kalakeshori Asteraceae Gunta galagaraku, Karisalankanni and Bhringraj 9. Snake vine Stephania Akandi Menispermaceae japonica 10. Silver Leaf Dwarf Elephant Ear Colocasia fallax Kalakochu Araceae 11. Thumba Leucas aspera Dondokokolosh Lamiaceae 12. Licorice weed, Goatweed, Scoparia- Scoparia dulcis Chinimithai Plantaginaceae weed 13. Chick weed, Pipili and West Indian Drymaria Hargila, Avijal, Caryophyllaceae drymary diandra Nasiyapati 14. Wild sugarcane Saccharum Kash ful Poaceae spontaneum 15. Water hyacinth Eichhornia Kachuripana Pontederiaceae crassipes 16. Taro and kalo Colocasia Kochu Araceae esculenta 17. Water spinach, River spinach, Ipomoea Kolmi Convolvulaceae Water morning glory and Water aquatica convolvulus 18. Water lilies Nymphaea Shaluk Nymphaeaceae abhayana 19. Water lettuce and Water cabbage Pistia stratiotes Golap pana Araceae 20. Bush morning glory Ipomoea carnea. Dhol-kolmi Convolvulaceae 21. Kokilaksha or Gokulakanta Hygrophila Kulekhara Acanthaceae spinosa 22. Touch me not and Shame plant Mimosa pudica Lojjabati Fabaceae 23. Indian goosegrass, Yard grass, Chrysopogon Chorkanta Poaceae aciculatus 24. Wiregrass or Crow foot grass Eleusine indica Binna challa/ Poaceae Chapra * invasive species

31 Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8

Fig.3: Vegetation at N. nigricans habitat. Different plant species found in the vegetation are: a. Hygrophila spinosa, b. Nymphaea abhayana, c. Ipomoea carnea, d. Pistia stratiotes, e. Colocasia esculenta, f. Mimosa pudica, g. Eichhornia crassipes, h. Eleusine indica, i.Brachiaria mutica, j. Andrographis paniculata, k. Euphorbia hirta, l. Ipomoea aquatica, m. Centella asiatica, n. Stephania japonica, o. Colocasia fallax. area. Although several turtles were found residing in water lodged area near returned back to the pond by local the roadside and railway tracks as well people, few likely remained in the as in the open drains from the household habitat they had managed to disperse. localities (Fig.2f, g, h). The open drains Cooch Behar experienced frequent flood and small water lodged areas that were events for several consecutive years covered by floating vegetation were between 2006 and 2014 connecting found in extremely polluted condition. the adjacent aquatic ecosystems (25). Some of the ponds and road side water Connectivity through the landscape to logged areas were also polluted as adjacent aquatic ecosystem is essential several household solid garbage and for the freshwater turtles for foraging liquid sewage flows into it through open and breeding to ensure that viable drains from the nearby households. populations are maintained (26). At Lack of basking areas and poor quality the same time, the religious faith of the of water possibly also affected the daily community who worship this turtle gave behavioral activities of the turtle. protection to these turtles and giving them the freedom to disperse freely. Interactions with the temple people Villagers and devotees were often seen revealed sighting of more than 200 providing puffed as well as cooked rice turtles inhabiting the ponds. Since the and cereal to the turtles. concrete lining was constructed across the pond, the incidences of hatching Although majority of the habitats has declined gradually at the temple chosen by these turtles were community pond, though it was removed afterwards ponds (Fig.2e), a good number were also due to local protest as reported by the 32 Pramanik et al. (2021) residents of Baneswar village during programs for the temple staff interview. A new breeding area has been • Artificial incubation of the eggs reconstructed near the pond but still • Rearing the hatchlings there is need to enhance the basking areas surrounding the pond. To increase 2.Awareness programs in the hatching success, periphery of the conserving the target species ponds need to be modified into small 3.Awareness programs about the sandy tracts with sparse vegetation (6). ecological importance of the species The temple pond was observed to be 4.Publication of “Mohan – an effort surrounded with proper predator-proof of awareness for conservation: a short fencing. film on MOHAN of Baneshwar, West Turtles migrate for many reasons; Bengal” in the official YouTube channel nesting being the most common among of Dept. of Zoology, Cooch Behar all (27, 28). Movement in search of nesting Panchanan Barma University, made by sites explain considerable mortality of N. the students of the department to spread nigricans while crossing the roads due to consciousness. The link is provided at vehicle accidents (29, 30). The empathy the end of the reference section (37). of the local community protected these 5. Training programs on helping turtles from road accidents or when the turtle during road cross and the they were caught in fishing net and knowledge about handling the turtles. hook (Fig.2i, j). Although as per the news reports, the frequency of turtle This study is a pioneer work which death in road accident has increased. reports the presence and successful Wildlife corridors need to be constructed survival of N. nigricans in their natural to reduce the turtle mortality during habitat after being figured as “extinct migration. Recent documentation of N. in the wild” in the IUCN Red List in nigricans death at the railway track near 2002(7). The current study confirms the Baneswar rail station has been shown existence of N. nigricans in most of the in Fig.2k (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36). waterbodies in natural condition, found within a range of about 2 km from the Illegal trade has always threatened Baneswar Temple from where they have turtles worldwide. Reported incidents originally dispersed. The protective like hunting for meat, cartilage and attitude of the local community towards for medicinal purpose have been this turtle possibly helped them to increasingly endangering turtle thrive naturally in their usual habitat. populations worldwide. Addressing the A census study is of urgent need to conservation issues of this freshwater understand the population size of this turtles through workshops, trainings turtle. This documentation might help and seminars are the need of the to upgrade the conservation status of moment. At the same time, efforts need the species, Nilssonia nigricans in near to be taken to monitor turtle trade routes future. and information on various sources of transport. Acknowledgements The ongoing efforts and future The authors express their gratitude initiatives for the community awareness to Prof. Uday Kishore, Brunel University, generation by the research group are: London for his valuable comments on the early draft of the manuscript. 1.Conducting various training The authors would like to thank Ms.

33 Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8 Sudeshna Chakraborty, Mr. Protap K among Different Species. Herbal Jha and Mr. Rishab K Modi, students Medicines & Neutraceuticals 19(1): of Department of Zoology, Cooch 33-37 Behar Panchanan Barma University for participating in the survey work. 5. Anderson J (1875) Description The authors express their gratitude to of some Asiatic Mammals and Prof. Debkumar Mukhopadhyay, Vice Chelonia. Ann Mag Nat Hist 16: Chancellor of Cooch Behar Panchanan 282-285 Barma University for funding the initial 6. Das RK, Mondal R, Joardar BS, studies. This study was funded by Ray Nilay (2020) First occurrence Dept. of Higher Education, Science & and conservation status of Black Technology and Biotechnology, Govt. of softshell turtle, Nilssonia nigricans West Bengal, under the project entitled (Anderson 1875) (Reptilia: “Community based initiative for the Testudines: Trionychidae) in conservation of Black Softshell Turtle West Bengal, India. Proc Zool Soc (Nilssonia nigricans) of Baneswar, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595- Cooch Behar, WB” (744 (sanc)/HED- 020-00329-3 12011(19)/6/2019-UNVSEC-Dept. of HE. The authors express their 7. IUCN (2002) Redlist of threatened appreciation to journalist Mr. Arindam species. https://www.iucnredlist. Saha for providing information related org/ to local newspaper reporting. 8. Das S, Datta D, Saha N, Hye FB References (2018) Conservation status of Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia 1. Ali W, Javid A, Khan WA, Hussain nigricans) in Bangladseh. 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35 Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8 28. Marchand MN, Litvaitis JA (2004) Dhakkay Nithar ‘Mohon’ 10 June Effects of Habitat Features and 2020a Landscape Composition on the Population Structure of a Common 32. Ananda Bazar Patrika. ‘Mohon Aquatic Turtle in a Region Corridor’ Gorar Torjor, 11 June Undergoing Rapid Development. 2020b Conservation Biology18: 758–767. 33. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Dhakka 29. Steen DA, Gibbs JP (2004) Effects Samlate Pareni ‘Mohon’, 12 June of Roads on the Structure of 2020c Freshwater Turtle Populations. 34. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Lockdown Conservation Biology 18:1143– Shes holei fer shuru Sameekhkha, 1148. 13 June 2020d. 30. Wahab AK, Saeed K, Azam MM, 35. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Mohonder Nasir SM (2012) Distribution and Surakhkhay Bishade Tathya Status of Threatened Species of Sangraha, 14 June 2020e. Freshwater Turtles in Selected Areas of Indus River System. 36. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Phanka Zoological Survey of Pakistan, Banesware Ghurchhe Mohonera, Ministry of Climate Change, 21 July 2020f. Islamabad, Pakistan. 37. https://www.youtube.com/ 31. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Train Er watch?v=kW-3NcJIvu0

Cite this Chapter

Pramanik KR, Pandey R, Roy T, Saha S, Yasmin H (2021) A Study on Community Based Conservation Status of Nilssonia nigricans (Anderson 1875) in Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. In: Saha S, Mukherjee N, Soren R, Bhowmick S (Eds) Multidimensional Outlook on Environment. Greenfeather, India, pp 26-38.

36 Pramanik et al. (2021) Annexure 1: Detail geographical locations of all the N. nigricans inhabiting ponds in and around Baneswar area.

Sl. Physical Location/ Landmark Geographical location 1 Pond 1 (Near Railway crossing, opposite to Baneswar 26°23'44.942''N 89°29'42.131''E railway station) 2 Pond 2 (Near Railway crossing, opposite to Baneswar 26°23'44.942''N 89°29'42.131''E railway station) 3 Pond 3 (Near state highway) 26°23'59.828''N 89°29'45.351''E 4 Pond 4 (Near state highway) 26°24'2.339''N 89°29'45.756''E 5 Pond 5 (Near state highway) 26°24'5.416''N 89°29'45.65''E 6 Pond 6 (Near state highway) 26°24'4.615''N 89°29'52.935''E 7 Pond 7 (Near state highway) 26°24'4.019''N 89°29'53.482''E 8 Pond 8 (Near state highway) 26°23'51.34''N 89°29'47.359''E 9 Pond 9 (Near state highway) 26°23'51.771''N 89°29'54.636''E 10 Drain 26°23'50.946''N 89°29'45.489''E 11 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 1 26°23'48.20"N 89°29'46.60"E 12 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 2 26°23'48.20"N 89°29'46.60"E 13 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 3 26°23'48.24"N 89°30'1.97"E 14 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 4 26°23'52.25"N 89°30'1.02"E 15 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 5 26°23'41.17"N 89°30'2.37"E 16 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 6 26°23'42.54"N 89°30'2.89"E 17 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 7 26°23'42.54"N 89°30'2.89"E 18 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 8 26°23'42.54"N 89°30'2.89"E 19 Near Indian oil pump – pond 1 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 20 Near Indian oil pump – pond 2 26°24'23.03"N 89°29'47.86"E 21 Near Indian oil pump – pond 3 26°24'29.64"N 89°29'56.45"E 22 Near Indian oil pump – pond area 4 26°24'29.64"N 89°29'56.45"E 23 Near Indian oil pump pond 5 26°24'31.37"N 89°29'56.44"E 24 Near Indian oil pump pond 6 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E 25 Near Indian oil pump pond 7 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E 26 Near Indian oil pump pond 8 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E 27 Near Indian oil pump pond 9 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E 28 Near Indian oil pump pond 10 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E 29 Kuthipara pond 1 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 30 Kuthipara pond 2 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 31 Kuthipara pond 3 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 32 Kuthipara pond 4 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 33 Kuthipara pond 5 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 34 Kuthipara pond 6 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E 35 Kuthipara pond 7 26°24'10.59"N 89°30'8.26"E 36 Kuthipara pond 8 26°24'10.59"N 89°30'8.26"E 37 Kuthipara pond 9 26°23'55.52"N 89°30'12.30"E 38 Kuthipara pond 10 26°24'21.51"N 89°29'55.25"E 39 Kuthipara pond 11 26°24'21.51"N 89°29'55.25"E 40 Kuthipara pond 12 26°24'21.51"N 89°29'55.25"E 41 Kuthipara pond 13 26°23'59.54"N 89°30'9.02"E

37 Multidimensional Outlook on Environment ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8

Sl. Physical Location/ Landmark Geographical location 42 Kuthipara pond 14 26°23'59.54"N 89°30'9.02"E 43 Near boragaripond 1 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 44 Near boragaripond 2 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 45 Near boragaripond 3 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 46 Near boragari pond 4 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 47 Near boragari pond 5 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 48 Near New Baneswar Road pond 1 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 49 Near New Baneswar Road pond 2 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E 50 Near New Baneswar Road pond 3 26°23'55.28"N 89°30'7.60"E 51 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 1 26°23'52.44"N 89°30'27.85"E 52 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 2 26°23'47.07"N 89°30'34.42"E 53 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 3 26°23'43.07"N 89°30'31.18"E 54 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 4 26°23'55.51"N 89°30'34.20"E 55 Near Dhani b company pond 1 26°23'27.84"N 89°29'49.82"E 56 Near Dhani b company pond 2 26°23'27.84"N 89°29'49.82"E 57 Near Dhani b company pond 3 26°23'27.84"N 89°29'49.82"E 58 Near Dhani b company pond 4 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 59 Near Dhani b company pond 5 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 60 Near Dhani b company pond 6 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 61 Near Dhani b company pond area 7 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 62 Near Dhani b company pond area 8 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 63 Near Dhani b company pond 9 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 64 Near Dhani b company pond area 10 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E 65 Near Dhani b company pond area 11 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E 66 Near Dhani b company pond area 12 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E 67 Near Dhani b company pond area 13 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E 68 Near Dhani b company pond area 14 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E 69 Near Dhani b company pond area 15 26°23'26.95"N 89°29'49.27"E 70 Near Dhani b company pond area 16 26°23'29.63"N 89°29'49.46"E 71 Near Dhani b company pond area 17 26°23'29.63"N 89°29'49.46"E 72 Near Dhani b company pond area 18 26°23'29.63"N 89°29'49.46"E 73 Near Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 9 26°23'42.30"N 89°29'52.53"E 74 Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 10 26°23'40.19"N 89°29'52.76"E 75 Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 11 26°23'41.18"N 89°29'52.03"E 76 Near Dhani b company pond area 19 26°23'38.00"N 89°29'50.85"E 77 Near Dhani b company pond area 20 26°23'39.03"N 89°29'50.00"E 78 Near Dhani b company pond area 21 26°23'35.00"N 89°29'51.49"E 79 Near RCLD pond area 1 26°23'41.18"N 89°29'52.03"E 80 Near Baneswar shiva temple pond area 2 26°23'51.32"N 89°29'55.96"E 81 Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 12 26°23'46.81"N 89°29'46.30"E 82 Near kalibari temple pond 1 26°24'35.03"N 89°30'6.12"E 83 Near kalibari temple pond 2 26°24'38.91"N 89°30'6.12"E 84 Near kalibari temple pond 3 26°24'35.03"N 89°30'6.12"E 85 Near kalibari temple pond 4 26°24'41.24"N 89°30'12.06"E

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