DOCSLIB.ORG

Atlas of Antarctica Ute Christina Herzfeld

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atlas of Antarctica Ute Christina Herzfeld Atlas of Antarctica Ute Christina Herzfeld Atlas of Antarctica Topographic Maps from Geostatistical Analysis of Satellite Radar Altimeter Data With 169 Figures 123 Professor Dr. Ute Christina Herzfeld Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences National Snow and Ice Data Center University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, ca 80309-0449 USA Geomathematics University ofTrier 54286 Trier Germany email: [email protected] Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com . ISBN 978- 3- 642- 6241 8- 6 ISBN 978- 3- 642- 18515- 1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978- 3- 642- 18515- 1 Images an the frontcaver:Sea ice and ice shelf with German Research Vessel Polarstern in Atka Bay, Weddell Sea; Iceberg offshore of New Schwabenland; Images an the back cover: Penguin Colony; Ice edge and sea ice in the polynia in Halley Bay, Antarctica; Author at Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland. Library of Congress Control Number: 20041 07463 This work is subject to copyright.AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Production: Luisa Tonarelli Typesetting and layout: Ute C. Herzfeld Printedonacidfreepaper 30/3141/LT -543210 The Antarctic Atlas is dedicated to Helmut, Almut and Matthias Urs Preface Although it is generally understood that the askedofmetogetdownsouthtotheAntarctic.As Antarctic Ice Sheet plays a critical role in the it turned out, I got to work on least-squares pre- changing global system, there is to date still a lack diction and collocation, a method used in geodesy of generally available information on the subject. for interpolation, which led me into a new field of Climatic change and the role of the polar areas are science — geostatistics — which would become the often discussed in the media. Much of our knowl- centerpiece of my mathematical research; but the edge depends on models, and basic things such as expedition did not lead me to Antarctica, ending maps are missing. The generally used geophysi- in South America after crossing the Atlantic. In cal atlas of Antarctica is still the one published 1987/88 I “finally” set foot on the icy continent, 1 by Drewry twenty years ago, with literally huge during a 3 2 month expedition to Antarctica, also “white areas” on the maps (Drewry, D.J. (editor), with the POLARSTERN and the Alfred-Wegener- 1983, Antarctic Glaciological and Geophysical Fo- Institute for Polar Research (Bremerhaven, Ger- lio, Cambridge, Scott Polar Research Institute). many), to the Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica. In While there are maps of specific areas of Antarc- those days, expeditions were planned and staffed tica available (usually where field research is un- in a way that helping hands were always needed, dertaken), there is not one comprehensive work. scientists helped to establish stations, transport loads and clean up fuel barrels; marine biologists Antarctica is a remote continent. — Despite about needed help in counting species in huge piles of 200 years of Antarctic exploration, many places in biomass dumped on the deck; geophysicists needed the Antarctic have not been visited by mankind, help for around-the-clock watch at instruments; because Antarctica is hard to reach from inhab- trace-chemical stations needed to be established ited places, a foreboding place to travel because of far away from the main stations, and glaciologic glaciated terrain and harsh climate, and the fact data needed to be processed. This provided a great that the continent is surrounded by a frozen ocean way to learn about many aspects of the Antarc- for a large part of the year. Information on the tic environment as well as a fun way to interact remote continent is available today from satellite and collaborate. Quickly I noticed that who vol- data. unteered first got to set up remote sampling loca- Antarctica is a frozen continent. — It contains over tions, approached by helicopter or snowcat tracks, 90% of the Earth’s ice mass, and most of its area while who volunteered last may end up pumping is covered by ice. Arctic diesel ... Whatever the tasks, the Antarctic holds a grip on almost anyone who has ever vis- Antarctica is a fascinating continent. — The same ited it. Expeditions to places without the ICE are geographic properties that make Antarctica diffi- just not the same, as I came to discover in later cult to visit draw our imagination to this wild and seagoing expeditions. different place. In 1984, I interrupted my disser- tation project in mathematics for the chance to Our society’s knowledge on Antarctica is still far participate in an Antarctic expedition, with the less than knowledge about any other continent, de- German Research Vessel POLARSTERN, willing spite decades of exploration of Earth from space to work on more or less anything that would be and publications in scientific journals. A school VIII teacher who does not know what distinguishes Atlas maps provide elevation which is geophys- Antarctica from the Arctic is not an exception. ically useful and accurate information. As such Books on Antarctica that are available to a gen- the Atlas maps are the highest-resolution eleva- eral readership are commonly coffee-table picture tion maps available today, derived from satellite books, compiled by photographers on voyages to radar altimeter data by application of a geostatis- the Antarctic, often with a focus on wildlife. In tical method, which was specifically designed by contrast, the Atlas is focused on snow and ice the author for the problem of ice-sheet mapping. research, relationship of ice and climate, geog- Part II (chapter (D)) forms the center piece of the raphy, cartography and geodesy, geomathematics Atlas. and satellite geophysics — on revealing the sev- enth continent from space. As such, the Atlas of In part I “Motivation and Methods”, introductory Antarctica will fill an information gap. chapters concern the following topics: (A) The Antarctic Ice Sheet and its role in the Global Sys- Today’s educators want to teach children excit- tem, (B) Satellite Remote Sensing, and (C) Data ing facts about remote places, and tourism in- analysis methods applied in the Antarctic Atlas creases in an adventure and exploration compo- production and map construction. These sections nent. Together with this there is a growing inter- may serve as introductions to the realm of ice and est in Antarctica, and, often related to the cost climate, Antarctic geography, to satellite observa- of travel to remote places, the knowledge-desiring tions of the cryosphere, principles of satellite radar public has a high level of education. An increas- altimeter observations and data processing, and ing public interest in Global Change and Climate- geostatistical estimation or interpolation applied related questions also creates a need for books that in cartography. convey facts at a level that lies between that of picture books and science treatises. Applications presented in part III include mon- itoring changes in Antarctic glaciers, ice streams The Atlas of Antarctica is written with state-of- and ice shelves (chapter (E)) and detailed regional the-art scientific accuracy, so that it is hoped that studies of outlet glaciers of the inland ice that it may be useful for students and researchers of are particularly exciting (chapter (F)). Combina- glaciology, geophysics, remote sensing, cartogra- tion and integration of digital elevation models phy and Antarctic research, and at the same time from radar altimeter data and Synthetic Aperture introduce to the complex of questions and facts Radar (SAR) data, which show surface structures outlined above in a way that is informative and and flow features of glaciers and ice streams, is fun for the general reader interested in Antarctica. given as an example of employing data from two sources in glaciologic research (chapter (G)). The Information about the frozen continent, Antarc- Atlas contains a total of 145 maps, 25 figures, in- tica, is not only accessible by expeditions, without dex maps and diagrams, 5 tables, and furthermore the availability of satellite data, there would still references on related subjects in glaciology, geo- be large “white areas” on the map. mathematics, remote sensing and geodesy (chap- The “Atlas of Antarctica” utilizes satellite data ter (H)), a glaciologic glossary, an index of the — more precisely, radar altimeter data from Antarctic place names shown, and a list of Antarc- SEASAT, GEOSAT, ERS-1 and ERS-2. Other tic expeditions (chapter (I)). than the better known satellite images, altimeter The Atlas is for educators, glaciologists, re- measurements provide information on elevation searchers, students, tourists, anyone interested and, as such, may be the basis of topographic in Antarctica. It is my hope that the reader may maps. The Atlas of Antarctica covers the entire share some of my enthusiasm for Antarctica and Antarctic continent in a collection of accurate to- enjoy “discovering” some of its many fascinating pographic maps, each with 3 km by 3 km grid geographic and glaciologic features. resolution, surface elevation in grey shades and contours, and place names of glaciers, ice streams, Boulder, Colorado, Christmas 2003 and ice shelves, as well as of other major geo- graphic features.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A NEWS BULLETIN Published Quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC)
    A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) An English-born Post Office technician, Robin Hodgson, wearing a borrowed kilt, plays his pipes to huskies on the sea ice below Scott Base. So far he has had a cool response to his music from his New Zealand colleagues, and a noisy reception f r o m a l l 2 0 h u s k i e s . , „ _ . Antarctic Division photo Registered at Post Ollice Headquarters. Wellington. New Zealand, as a magazine. II '1.7 ^ I -!^I*"JTr -.*><\\>! »7^7 mm SOUTH GEORGIA, SOUTH SANDWICH Is- . C I R C L E / SOUTH ORKNEY Is x \ /o Orcadas arg Sanae s a Noydiazarevskaya ussr FALKLAND Is /6Signyl.uK , .60"W / SOUTH AMERICA tf Borga / S A A - S O U T H « A WEDDELL SHETLAND^fU / I s / Halley Bav3 MINING MAU0 LAN0 ENOERBY J /SEA uk'/COATS Ld / LAND T> ANTARCTIC ••?l\W Dr^hnaya^^General Belgrano arg / V ^ M a w s o n \ MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ '■ aust \ /PENINSULA' *\4- (see map betowi jrV^ Sobldl ARG 90-w {■ — Siple USA j. Amundsen-Scott / queen MARY LAND {Mirny ELLSWORTH" LAND 1, 1 1 °Vostok ussr MARIE BYRD L LAND WILKES LAND ouiiiv_. , ROSS|NZJ Y/lnda^Z / SEA I#V/VICTORIA .TERRE , **•»./ LAND \ /"AOELIE-V Leningradskaya .V USSR,-'' \ --- — -"'BALLENYIj ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1 Tenitnte Matianzo arg 2 Esptrarua arg 3 Almirarrta Brown arc 4PttrtlAHG 5 Otcipcion arg 6 Vtcecomodoro Marambio arg * ANTARCTICA 7 Arturo Prat chile 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 1000 Miles 9 Prasid«fTtB Frei chile s 1000 Kilometres 10 Stonington I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
    THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
    SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertação O Processo Político Das Políticas Públicas Para As
    O Processo Político de Construção das Políticas Públicas para as Alterações Climáticas José Carlos Martinho da Silva Dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia - Políticas Públicas e NomeDesigualdades Completo do Sociais Autor Maio de 2019 Resumo As alterações climáticas de origem antropogénica constituem um problema ambiental sobre o qual se desenvolveram desde a década de 90 políticas públicas e tratados internacionais de grande relevância. O peso desta problemática nas agendas políticas e mediáticas tem sido crescente em diversas nações, inclusive em Portugal e na União Europeia (UE). Com efeito, a UE constitui-se hoje como um dos principais agentes mobilizados e mobilizadores de políticas sobre esta problemática, com políticas públicas robustas implementadas no contexto do protocolo de Quioto e de outras decisões tomadas na Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas para as Alterações Climáticas. A ação internacional mais recente e ambiciosa promovida no âmbito da Convenção, ocorreu em 2015, o Acordo de Paris, mas foi recebida por uma renovada e estruturada oposição, nomeadamente a dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), que com a sua saída do Acordo, despoletou desenvolvimentos imprevisíveis que representam atualmente um foco de preocupação e controvérsia, intensificando as interrogações face a um problema, que politicamente se veio a consolidar num desenho de políticas públicas com fortes implicações em diferentes áreas económicas, sociais e geopolíticas das diferentes nações e agrupamentos regionais representados na Convenção. Este trabalho procura abordar o problema político como um processo, e sobre este, desenvolver uma análise sociológica, tendo como enquadramento teórico a teoria de campo de Pierre Bourdieu. O foco deste trabalho foi o de compreender o início deste processo, eventualmente lançando as bases para um estudo posterior que alcance as suas diferentes fases, até ao momento presente.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Marine Palynomorphs in Surface Sediments, Prydz Bay, Antarctica
    DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE PALYNOMORPHS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS, PRYDZ BAY, ANTARCTICA Claire Andrea Storkey A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science in geology School of Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington April 2006 ABSTRACT Prydz Bay Antarctica is an embayment situated at the ocean-ward end of the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf complex East Antarctica. This study aims to document the palynological assemblages of 58 surface sediment samples from Prydz Bay, and to compare these assemblages with ancient palynomorph assemblages recovered from strata sampled by drilling projects in and around the bay. Since the early Oligocene, terrestrial and marine sediments from the Lambert Graben and the inner shelf areas in Prydz Bay have been the target of significant glacial erosion. Repeated ice shelf advances towards the edge of the continental shelf redistributed these sediments, reworking them into the outer shelf and Prydz Channel Fan. These areas consist mostly of reworked sediments, and grain size analysis shows that finer sediments are found in the deeper parts of the inner shelf and the deepest areas on the Prydz Channel Fan. Circulation within Prydz Bay is dominated by a clockwise rotating gyre which, together with coastal currents and ice berg ploughing modifies the sediments of the bay, resulting in the winnowing out of the finer component of the sediment. Glacial erosion and reworking of sediments has created four differing environments (Prydz Channel Fan, North Shelf, Mid Shelf and Coastal areas) in Prydz Bay which is reflected in the palynomorph distribution. Assemblages consist of Holocene palynomorphs recovered mostly from the Mid Shelf and Coastal areas and reworked palynomorphs recovered mostly from the North Shelf and Prydz Channel Fan.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of Seismic Sources in Antarctica Using an Extensive Deployment of Broadband Seismographs Amanda Colleen Lough Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) Summer 9-1-2014 Studies of Seismic Sources in Antarctica Using an Extensive Deployment of Broadband Seismographs Amanda Colleen Lough Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lough, Amanda Colleen, "Studies of Seismic Sources in Antarctica Using an Extensive Deployment of Broadband Seismographs" (2014). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 1319. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1319 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Dissertation Examination Committee: Douglas Wiens, Chair Jill Pasteris Philip Skemer Viatcheslav Solomatov Linda Warren Michael Wysession Studies of Seismic Sources in Antarctica Using an Extensive Deployment of Broadband Seismographs by Amanda Colleen Lough A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2014 St. Louis, Missouri © 2014, Amanda Colleen Lough Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 0° 10° 10° 110° 110° 20° 20° 120° 120° 30° 30° 130° 130° 40
    Bouvet I 50° 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° (Norway) 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° Marion I Prince Edward I e PRINCE EDWARD ISLANDS ea Ic (South Africa) t of S exten ) aximum 973-82 M rage 1 60° ar ave (10 ye SOUTH 60° SOUTH GEORGIA (UK) SANDWICH Crozet Is ISLANDS (France) (UK) R N 60° E H O T C U Antarctic Circle E H A A K O N A G V I O EO I S A N D T H E S O U T H E R N O C E A N R a Laurie I G ( t E V S T k A Powell I J . r u 70° ORCADAS (ARGENTINA) O E A S o b N A l L F lt d Stanley N B u a Coronation I R N r A N Rawson SIGNY (UK) E A I n Y ( U C A g g A G M R n K E E A E a i S S K R A T n V a Edition 6 SOUTH ORKNEY ST M Y I ) e E y FALKLAND ISLANDS (UK) R E S 70° N L R ø ISLANDS O A R E E A v M N N S Z a l Y I A k a IS ) L L i h EN BU VO ) v n ) IA id e A IM A O S e rs I L MAITRI N S r F L a a S QUARISEN E U B n J k L S F R i - e S ( r ) U (INDIA) v Kapp Norvegia P t e m s a N R U s i t ( u R i k A Puerto Deseado Selbukta a D e R u P A r V Y t R b A BORGMASSIVET s E A l N m (J A V FIMBULHEIME E l N y Comodoro Rivadavia u S N o r t IS A H o RIISER LARSENISEN u H t Clarence I J N K Z n E w W E o R Elephant I W E G E T IN o O D m d N E S T SØR-RONDANE z n R I V nH t Y O ro a y 70° t S E R E e O u S L P sl a P N A R e RS L I B y A r H O e e G See Inset d VESTFJELLA LL C G b AV g it en o E H n NH M n s o J N e n EIA a h d E C s e NE T W E M F S e S n I R n r u T h King George I t a b i N m N O d i E H r r N a Joinville I A O B .
    [Show full text]
  • (2014). Dynamic Response of Antarctic Ice Shelves to Bedrock Uncertainty. Cryosphere, 8(4), 1561-1576
    Sun, S., Cornford, S. L., Liu, Y., & Moore, J. C. (2014). Dynamic response of Antarctic ice shelves to bedrock uncertainty. Cryosphere, 8(4), 1561-1576. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1561-2014 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.5194/tc-8-1561-2014 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via EGU at http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1561/2014/. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ The Cryosphere, 8, 1561–1576, 2014 www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1561/2014/ doi:10.5194/tc-8-1561-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Dynamic response of Antarctic ice shelves to bedrock uncertainty S. Sun1, S. L. Cornford2, Y. Liu1, and J. C. Moore1,3,4 1College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 2School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK 3Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, PL122, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland 4Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden Correspondence to: J. C. Moore ([email protected]) Received: 2 January 2014 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 21 January 2014 Revised: 27 June 2014 – Accepted: 1 July 2014 – Published: 21 August 2014 Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Information Leaflet HISTORY.Indd
    British Antarctic Survey History The United Kingdom has a long and distinguished record of scientific exploration in Antarctica. Before the creation of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), there were many surveying and scientific expeditions that laid the foundations for modern polar science. These ranged from Captain Cook’s naval voyages of the 18th century, to the famous expeditions led by Scott and Shackleton, to a secret wartime operation to secure British interests in Antarctica. Today, BAS is a world leader in polar science, maintaining the UK’s long history of Antarctic discovery and scientific endeavour. The early years Britain’s interests in Antarctica started with the first circumnavigation of the Antarctic continent by Captain James Cook during his voyage of 1772-75. Cook sailed his two ships, HMS Resolution and HMS Adventure, into the pack ice reaching as far as 71°10' south and crossing the Antarctic Circle for the first time. He discovered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands although he did not set eyes on the Antarctic continent itself. His reports of fur seals led many sealers from Britain and the United States to head to the Antarctic to begin a long and unsustainable exploitation of the Southern Ocean. Image: Unloading cargo for the construction of ‘Base A’ on Goudier Island, Antarctic Peninsula (1944). During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, interest in Antarctica was largely focused on the exploitation of its surrounding waters by sealers and whalers. The discovery of the South Shetland Islands is attributed to Captain William Smith who was blown off course when sailing around Cape Horn in 1819.
    [Show full text]
  • The World's Second-Largest Emperor Penguin Colony Has Nearly Disappeared
    The world's second-largest emperor penguin colony has nearly disappeared By Bard Wilkinson, CNN Updated 1814 GMT (0214 HKT) April 25, 2019 Emperor penguin adults and chicks on Snow Hill Island in Antarctica's Weddell Sea. (CNN)The world's second-largest emperor penguin colony has almost disappeared, according to a new report, raising fears about the effects of climate change on the species. Researchers from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) say in the report that thousands of emperor penguin chicks drowned when sea ice in Antarctica's Weddell Sea, on the edge of the Brunt Ice Shelf, was destroyed by storms in 2016. "Emperor penguins at the Halley Bay colony in the Weddell Sea have failed to raise chicks for the last three years," said Peter Fretwell, co- author of the report. "The colony has now all but disappeared." Emperor penguins need stable sea ice on which to breed and this icy platform must last from April, when the birds arrive, until December, when their chicks fledge. The storms recurred in 2017 and again in 2018 and led to the death of almost all the chicks at the site each season, according to the report, which was published on Thursday. The BAS study reports that for the last 60 years, the sea ice conditions in the Halley Bay site had been stable and reliable. Until recently, the colony's breeding pairs numbered each year between 14,000 and 25,000, around 5-9% of the global emperor penguin population. "It is impossible to say whether the changes in sea-ice conditions at Halley Bay are specifically related to climate change, but such a complete failure to breed successfully is unprecedented at this site," penguin expert and co-author Phil Trathan said in a BAS statement.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Compiled by Mike Wing New Zealand Antarctic Society (Inc
    ANTARCTIC 1 Compiled by Mike Wing US bulldozer, 1: 202, 340, 12: 54, New Zealand Antarctic Society (Inc) ACECRC, see Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperation Research Centre Volume 1-26: June 2009 Acevedo, Capitan. A.O. 4: 36, Ackerman, Piers, 21: 16, Vessel names are shown viz: “Aconcagua” Ackroyd, Lieut. F: 1: 307, All book reviews are shown under ‘Book Reviews’ Ackroyd-Kelly, J. W., 10: 279, All Universities are shown under ‘Universities’ “Aconcagua”, 1: 261 Aircraft types appear under Aircraft. Acta Palaeontolegica Polonica, 25: 64, Obituaries & Tributes are shown under 'Obituaries', ACZP, see Antarctic Convergence Zone Project see also individual names. Adam, Dieter, 13: 6, 287, Adam, Dr James, 1: 227, 241, 280, Vol 20 page numbers 27-36 are shared by both Adams, Chris, 11: 198, 274, 12: 331, 396, double issues 1&2 and 3&4. Those in double issue Adams, Dieter, 12: 294, 3&4 are marked accordingly. Adams, Ian, 1: 71, 99, 167, 229, 263, 330, 2: 23, Adams, J.B., 26: 22, Adams, Lt. R.D., 2: 127, 159, 208, Adams, Sir Jameson Obituary, 3: 76, A Adams Cape, 1: 248, Adams Glacier, 2: 425, Adams Island, 4: 201, 302, “101 In Sung”, f/v, 21: 36, Adamson, R.G. 3: 474-45, 4: 6, 62, 116, 166, 224, ‘A’ Hut restorations, 12: 175, 220, 25: 16, 277, Aaron, Edwin, 11: 55, Adare, Cape - see Hallett Station Abbiss, Jane, 20: 8, Addison, Vicki, 24: 33, Aboa Station, (Finland) 12: 227, 13: 114, Adelaide Island (Base T), see Bases F.I.D.S. Abbott, Dr N.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Fln.Tflrcit.IC
    flN.TflRCiT.IC A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) A New Zealand Ministry of Works and Development surveyor, Steven Currie, carries out a triangulation survey on the main crater rim of Mt Erebus, the active volcano on Ross Island. Some of the hazards of last season's programme were average temperatures of minus 30deg Celsius and 23 eruptions which hurled lava bombs from the inner crater up to 200m in the air. - Antarctic Division photo , , _, ., -. ,, p- Registered at Post Office Headquarters, Marrh 1 QRd VOL 1U, NO. O Wellington, New Zealand, as a magazine. ivlaluii, I30t SOUTH GEORGIA •. SOUTH SANDWICH It SOUTH ORKNEY It / \ S^i^j^voiMarevskaya7 6SignyloK ,'' / / o O r c a d a s a r g SOUTHTH AMERICAAMERICA ' /''' / .\ J'Borgal ^7^]Syowa japan \ Kr( SOUTH , .* /WEDDELL \ U S* I / ^ST^Moiodwhnaya \^' SHETLAND U / x Ha|| J^tf ORONN NG MAUD LAND ^D£RBY \\US*> \ / " W ' \ / S f A u k y C O A T S L d / l a n d J ^ ^ \ Lw*M#^ ^te^B.«,ranoW >dMawson \ /PENINSUtA'^SX^^^Rpnnep^J "<v MAC ROKRTSON LAND^ \ aust \ |s« map below) 1^=^ A <ce W?dSobralARG \/^ ^7 '• Davis Aust /_ Siple _ USA ! ELLSWORTH ^ Amundsen-Scon / queen MARY LAND {MimV ') LAND °VosloJc ussr MARIE BYRD^S^ »« She/f\'r - ..... 1 y * \ WIL KES U N O Y' ROSS|N'l?SEA I J«>ryVICTORIA \VandaN' .TERRE / gf ,f 7.W ^oV IAN0 y/ADEliu/ /» I ( GEORGE V l4_,„-/'r^ •^^Sa^/^r .uumont d'Urville iranc i L e n i n g r a d j k a Y a V > ussr.-' \ / - - - - " ' " ' " B A I L E N Y l t \ / ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1 Teniente Matien?o arc 2 Esp*ran:a arc 3 Almiranie Brown arg 4 Petrel arg 5 Decepcion arg 6 V i c e c o m o d o r o M a r a m b i o a r g ' ANTARCTICA 7 AMuro Prat chili 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 500 1000 Milts 9 Presidente Frei chili WOO K.kxnnna 10 Stonington I.
    [Show full text]