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Envelope Aleš Lederer, David Weber 9. In the short information about yourself as an author, please include the following: year Translations Jiří Mareš, Blanka Medková, Lucia Faltinova of birth and a brief summary of your scholarly activities [current position, areas of Resumé Derek Paton specialization, your key published works with the place and year of publication]. Typesetting David Weber 10. The authors of texts published in the Czech Journal of Contemporary History are entitled Printed by Nová tiskárna Pelhřimov, s.r.o. to receive a complimentary copy (two copies in case they have published an article) of the relevant issue of the journal. The complimentary copy will either be sent by mail or Contact Vít Smetana can be picked up in the editorial office of the journal. [email protected] © Institute for Contemporay History of the Czech Academy of Sciences 1 In this context, the standardized page numbers 1 800 characters including spaces. 2 Two printed pages are usually equal to three pages as defined in footnote 1. CZECH JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY Vol. V (2017) THE INSTITUTE FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY EDITORIAL CIRCLE: Jan Bečka, Kateřina Čapková, Milan Drápala, Kathleen Geaney, Adéla Gjuričová, Michal Kopeček, Vít Smetana, Oldřich Tůma EDITORIAL BOARD: Muriel Blaive, Prague/Vienna Christianne Brenner, Munich Chad Bryant, Chapel Hill (NC) Petr Bugge, Aarhus Mark Cornwall, Southampton Benjamin Frommer, Evanston (IL) Maciej Górny, Warsaw Magdalena Hadjiiski, Strasbourg Milan Hauner, Madison (WI) Vít Hloušek, Brno Adam Hudek, Bratislava Georgyi Kasianov, Kiev Tamás Kende, Budapest Pavel Kolář, Florence Jan Kuklík, Prague Mark Kramer, Cambridge (MA) James Krapfl, Montreal Jan Láníček, Sydney Libora Oates-Indruchová, Olomouc Andrea Orzoff, Las Cruces (NM) Adrian Portman – von Arburg, Brno Vilém Prečan, Prague/Scheinfeld Peter Ruggenthaler, Graz Dušan Segeš, Bratislava Kacper Szulecki, Berlin/Oslo Victoria Vasilenko, Belgorod Kieran Williams, Des Moines (IA) Ella Zadorozhnyuk, Moscow EDITORS: Vít Smetana, Kathleen Geaney Contents Essays and Articles Petr Mareš American Policy, Korean War, and the Lessons of Munich .................................................................. 5 Markéta Devátá Terror, Failure, Resistance Conflicting Memory of Armed Acts of Anti-Communist Resistance in Czechoslovakia ......... 63 Karel Hrubý How Much Totalitarianism Remained in the “Normalization” Era? ...................................... 101 Milan Hauner Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf ........................................ 139 Book Reviews Petr Orság On the Waves of RFE The First Historical Synthesis of the Czechoslovak Service of Radio Free Europe ............................................... 166 Rosamund Johnston Southern Hospitality? Czechoslovak Relations with Africa until 1989 .......... 175 Martin Nekola An Arduous Road of the Exile toward the Fall of the Iron Curtain ................................................. 182 Jan Randák On Science in the Service of People ....................... 188 Marek Fapšo Václav Nájemník Supervision against Artistic Freedom The Czech Philharmonic Orchestra after February 1948 ................................................ 198 Alena Šlingerová All the Things Film History Is .................................. 207 Abstracts .......................................................................................................... 210 Authors ............................................................................................................ 218 American Policy, Korean War, and the Lessons of Munich Petr Mareš The speed and determination with which the Truman administration reacted to North Korea’s attack against its southern neighbour in the summer of 1950 were remarkable, although it was obvious that Washington was taken by surprise by the opponent’s action. The fi rst information about the North Korean attack was sent by US Ambassador to Seoul John J. Muccio on Sunday, 25 June, in the morning hours of current local time, and arrived to the State Department at 9:26 PM.1 At that time, tops of the US administration were enjoying their weekend rest. Presi- dent Harry S Truman was fi nishing a late Southern dinner at his home in Inde- pendence (MO.), Secretary of State Dean Acheson was preparing to go to bed with a book in his favourite country house in Maryland. The top representatives of the Department of Defense were diffi cult to reach; Defense Secretary Louis John- son, Secretary of the Army Frank Pace, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Omar Bradley were visiting Tokyo. Warren Austin, the US Ambassador to the United Nations, who planned to spend a peaceful weekend with his family in Burlington, Vermont, was also out of reach of the centre.2 The analysis prepared 1 Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS), 1950, Vol. VII: Korea. United States Depart- ment of State. Washington, D.C., US Government Printing Offi ce 1976, pp. 125–126 – The Ambassador in Korea (Mucio) to the Secretary of State, Soul, 25 June 1950. There is a 13 hour time difference and the International Date Line between the capitals of the two nations. 2 See ACHESON, Dean: Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New York, W. W. Norton 1987, pp. 402–404. 6 Czech Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. V for the President by the National Security Council two weeks later noted in this respect: “The invasion of South Korea came as a surprise and shock, not only to the people of the United States and the world, but also to the people around this table, whose job it is to keep the President correctly advised.”3 The surprise and communication diffi culties notwithstanding, teams of experts and top-ranking offi cials of the State Department met in Washington as early as on Sunday4 to prepare fi rst analyses of the confl ict.5 At the instigation of the United States, the UN Security Council was convened. The Soviet representative had not been attending its meetings for some time, offi cially in protest against the perma- nent member seat reserved for China being held, even after the triumph of the Communists in the mainland China, by the government of the defeated President Chiang Kai-Shek.6 The Security Council indeed adopted a fast-track and fairly ex- plicit resolution stating that an armed attack from the north occurred and calling for an immediate cessation of hostilities and a withdrawal of North Korean units beyond the 38th parallel. It also urged all UN member states to render every assis- tance to the United Nations in the execution of the resolution.7 The hectic Sunday was concluded by a collective dinner of key members of the administration